Examination Paper: Highway Engineering (CIVL7010) - Cork Institute of Technology, Exams of Highway Engineering

Download Examination Paper: Highway Engineering (CIVL7010) - Cork Institute of Technology and more Exams Highway Engineering in PDF only on Docsity! Page 1 of 7 CORK INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY INSTITIÚID TEICNEOLAÍOCHTA CHORCAÍ Semester 2 Examinations 2011/12 Module Title: Highway Engineering Module Code: CIVL7010 School: Building and Civil Engineering Programme Title: Bachelor of Engineering in Civil Engineering – Award Programme Code: CCIVL_7_Y3 External Examiner(s): Ms Maria Kyne, Mr John T Murphy Internal Examiner(s): Mr Des Walsh, Mr Paul Moran, Mr Jim O’Byrne Instructions: Attempt Q1 and any three other questions (All questions carry equal marks) Attachment: Table 3 from NRA TD9/07 Duration: 2 Hours Sitting: Summer 2012 Requirements for this examination: Note to Candidates: Please check the Programme Title and the Module Title to ensure that you have received the correct examination. If in doubt please contact an Invigilator. Page 2 of 7 Question 1 – where appropriate, NRA TD9/07 standards to apply (i) NRA TD9/07 provides a methodology for making an assessment of the Design Speed of an existing road. What are the two (2) constraint parameters used to make this assessment? (2marks) (ii) Sketch the envelope of visibility used to assess Stopping Sight Distance; your answer should clearly show the object and eye height dimensions. (3marks) (iii) What are the two (2) main purposes of a horizontal alignment transition curve? (2marks) (iv) Use a neat sketch to illustrate the geometrical cross-sectional details of a Standard Single Carriageway. Dimension the key features of the cross section. (3marks) (v) Explain the Highway Engineering term Level of Service; how is LOS quantified? (4marks) (vi) What are the primary functions of a pavement capping layer? (2marks) (vii) How is the initial drainage of surface water from a road pavement achieved? (2marks) (viii) The major road at a major/minor road junction has an AADT of 15000.What does an AADT of 15000 mean? (1mark) (ix) Road directional information signs can be subdivided into four (4) groups. Identify these four groups. (2marks) (x) Write brief notes detailing some key facts in relation to the age/gender profile of road fatality statistics for the Irish road network. (2marks) (xi) The current construction of a fly-over / two grade separated junctions on the N25 Cork South Ring Road has some interesting and innovative work being carried out to achieve a suitable pavement foundation for the new west bound carriageway between the existing junctions. What does this work involve and why is it necessary? (2marks) Total Q1 = 25 Marks Page 5 of 7 Question 4 (i) (a) How many fatalities were there on Irish roads in (i) 2010 (ii) 2011 (Republic of Ireland; answer to within +5 or -5 of actual figure). (b) What are the peak times of the year for fatalities on Irish roads? (3 marks) (ii) For a number of years the annual Road Collision Facts Ireland analysis produced by the Road Safety Authority shows single vehicle collision and head on conflict as the two dominant fatal and personal injury collision types occurring on the Irish road network. What percentage of collisions is associated with each of these categories of incident? (2 marks) (iii) The potential for head on conflict is minimised by the use of dual carriageway cross sections; NRA Design Standards TD27 & TD10 provide for three such carriageway types. Using neat sketches, illustrate the essential features of these three dual carriageway types (type name, typical AADT capacity, number/width of lanes, hard shoulder/strip/verge details, central reserve details). (10 marks) (iv) (a) Road Safety Audits and subsequent actions are completed at four specific stages in the preparation of a road scheme, what are these stages? (2 marks) (b) Describe in detail the methodology / working method for a Stage 3 audit; your description should include information in relation to the following:  stage and time of audit  audit team members  personal with whom team should consult  outline of audit process  preparation and agreement of report  actions subsequent to the report (8 marks) (Q4 = 25 Marks) Page 6 of 7 Question 5 (i) The process of the selection of a new road, or the upgrade of an existing road, requires an extensive assessment of several alternatives, that may lead to numerous options, before a preferred solution is identified. Describe each of the five (5) alternatives that a road designer should typically explore and assess, when considering the Route Selection of a road scheme. (9 marks) (ii) A stretch of road, approximately 10km long, along the N22 Cork to Killarney road has been identified as requiring significant road improvement works; realignment of the existing road and the provision of addition lanes are to be considered. The project is at preliminary planning stage and appropriate land surveying using remote sensing technology is now to be carried out. A suggested flow line for completion of this survey and for the formation of a DTM is outlined below. In no more than 300 words complete a review of the middle section of the flow line – Obtaining Survey Detail. You answer should include a reference to the following: OSi Lidar point cloud detail, mobile mapping techniques, use of existing OSi map information, ground truth detail & use of GPS. (8 marks) (iii) Outline the statutory requirements that dictate whether an Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) is required for a road scheme. Describe the environmental areas that would normally be considered and briefly outline the contents of such a document for a scheme. (8 marks) (Q5 = 25 Marks) Obtain aerial photo imagery for general information Formation of a DTM that may be used for preliminary design Obtaining Survey Detail of the existing highway & roadside infrastructure and adjoining buildings / structures National Roads Authority Design Manual for Roads and Bridges Volume 6 Section 1 Part | NRA TD 9/07 Design Speed Related Parameters 1.9 The Design Speed bands 120, 100, 85 km/h etc. dictate the minimum geometric parameters for the design according to Table 3. This shows Desirable Minimum values and values for certain Design Speed steps below Desirable Minimum. Desirable Minimum values represent the comfortable values dictated by the Design Speed. Table 3: Design Speed Related Parameters DESIGN SPEED (km/h) 120 100 85 70 60 50 | VIR STOPPING SIGHT DISTANCE m Desirable Minimum Stopping Sight Distance 295° 25160120 90 70 One Step below Desirable Minimum 215160120 90 70 50 ‘Two Steps below Desirable Minimum 160 120 90 7 50 50 HORIZONTAL CURVATURE m Minimum R* without elimination of Adverse Camber and ions 2880 2040 14401020 720510, 5 Minimum R* with Superelevation of 2.5% 2040 14401020 720, 510-360] 7.07 Minimum R with Superelevation of 3.5% 1440 1020720 510360255] 10 Desirable Minimum R with Superelevation of 5% 10200 7200 510360255180} 14.14 One Step below Desirable Min R with Superelevation of 7% MO S10 360255180127} 20 ‘Two Steps below Desirable Min R with Superelevation of 7% 510-360 255,180 127,90 | 28.28 VERTICAL CURVATURE — CREST Desirable Minimum Crest K Value 18210055 30 17 10 One Step below Desirable Min Crest K Value 100 55 30 17 10 65 ‘Two Steps below Desirable Min Crest K Value 5530 17 10 65) 65 VERTICAL CURVATURE — SAG Desirable Minimum Sag K Value 53037 2 © 20 13 9 One Step below Desirable Min Sag K Value 376 20 13 9 65 ‘Two Steps below Desirable Min Sag K Value 26 (20 13 9 65 65 *** Absolute Minimum Vertical Curve Length 120 100 OVERTAKING SIGHT DISTANCES Full Overtaking Sight Distance FOSD m. NA 580 490410345290 FOSD Overtaking Crest K Value NWA 400285 200142100. Notes * Not to be used in the design of single carriageways (see Paragraphs 7.25 to 7.30). The V2/R values simply represent a convenient means of identify parameters, irrespective of Design Speed. K Value = Desirable Minimum curve length divided by algebraic change of gradient (%). Or Desirable Minimum curve length multiplied by the algebraic change of gradient (%) = K Value See Paragraph 4.5. ** Where the Desirable Minimum Vertical Curve length calculated, Minimum Vertical Curve length indicated in Table 3, the Absolute shall be used. ing the relative levels of design is less than the Absolute Minimum Vertical curve length April 2007 Page 7 of 7 us