Construction of Chinese Chracters-Chinese Language Course-Lecture Slides, Slides of Chinese Language

Download Construction of Chinese Chracters-Chinese Language Course-Lecture Slides and more Slides Chinese Language in PDF only on Docsity! 35 — if Lesson 1 —. RFRA Notes on Chinese characters: 1. RFKAR The construction of Chinese characters; DTH AICRRBNMTIKS CAA=TSENGRT. REMEBER ACA”. “PRE RATRE KT. BE PNFHRALRH SHR ARSME AAAS RH. REWERAL SETH ARRAN RAAT RRR EAS BRE HEH. —tFEBWART ATED, ASM 4%, BSR-S MA EMME. TMUSRT RELA ORM SRERP BET. MAWLE LFRATUDRMKSNS ASA, AEE ES BAR PAE ROMS MAS. RASA SET RATE Ay RA AY IR ARSE, A AS Le OH A Fa ol I a TES PRA EE ANKE, HDG RT OL, ASS FH Chinese characters which are now in current use, have a history of over 3, 000 years. They are alsu known as “square characters” because they are square-shaped . Different fram the alphabetic script which is spelled out in letters, Chinese charac- ters are written in various strokes. Out of the 30 odd strokes, only 8 are basic ones and all the others are their variants . The strokes in a character are written according to some fixed rules. Once the basic strokes and the mules of stroke-order are grasped, the writing of characters will become easy. Structurally characters are divided into two categories: the single-component ones and the compound ones. In the single-component characters, the strokes are written or ar- ranged as a compact integral, but most of the characters are compound ones which are composed of two or more components or sides. Some of the sides are used as radicals in Chinese dictionaries. So it is of key importance to know the sides or radicals before you m how to consult a Chinese dictionary . 3 docsity.com It can be seen that there are rules for the construction of characters and il is helpful to master these rules in learning how to read and write characters. 2, RFA Hi (—)} Strokes (1): I EAE Basic strokes: i —(>) Bhéng SRRMAMAEA, PEMAALS. The horizontal stroke is written from left to right and iL can not be written otherwise . 2 6f) fps BRAG LAA Tad WREAPA bas ReA PEwT. The down stroke to the left is written from top-right to bottom-left . If it is written from hottom-lefi to the top-right, it becomes another stroke. (See Lesson 3.) NN) Rnd) SEMA LMA PEM, TRMA TA Liaw. The down stroke to the right is written from top-left to bottom- right. It can not be written otherwise . OQ) Adin SALAAF(RAP DAA. ‘The dot is written from Lap lo bottom-right(or to bottom-lefi) . =. £¥R Table of new characters: 1 — _— 3 = 7 a 4 Kl o> KF OR 5 ~ , A~ 6 | K |r F KX 3 docsity.com =. iW Read the following: UF! IAF! . #5) Exercises: 1, S¥@: Write the strokes; 2. S@PWRFES: Transcribe the following characters: 1) th (¢ ) 2) & ( ) 3) 4 ¢ ) 3. SHAR BI SRN RS (AM): Give characters containing the following strokes( uptional) : 1) ov: 2)-: 3) J; 4) /: 5) 7: 6) J; ey & 7 ® docsity.com 3 = UR Lesson 3 —., REAR Notes on Chinese characters: iN FAT Bj (=) Strokes (3): EASE Basic strokes: (A) tt BMAP AA LBS. The upward stroke to the right is written from hottom-left to top- right. 7 (7h) df zhé ¥ (L) KER AGRTATSE RASS APRRAAS H. PKSMRE-SeR. Strokes with a turn; 1) the horizontal with a downward turn; 2) the vertical with a horizontal tum to the right. FRSSigi Combined strokes: #47) = =héngzhégdu The horizontal stroke with a downward turn and a hook "ay 44 shuwdngdu ‘The vertical stroke with a right tum and a hook 7 fk héngpié The horizontal stroke combined with a down stroke to the left Coa =. £3 Table of new characters: 1 ale + + ¢ RR KR [= +. — —— 2, #R\)7~ TFT #F #& 4 3 | fe a(4 4 ww) yé 4 41 dee, ah, a docsity.com  4 WC r 1) mén s | 4 =. Us Read the following: () MAT BAT He TT (2) As ATA! B: c, BREE ks) a. #5 Exercises: 1, S€B: Write the strokes; ’ J Sf 7 2, RRFRARS: Give the charactes for the following words: 1) tamen ( ) & 9 > docsity.com  AQ) J A A) yua flesh(as radical) ,moon 4 AA} A s | A|7 + AR a 6 | B(7 % 4%) ma . AC" aT R) ft father "Bla = &) ba wr vr a) k6éu mouth g on — 4 + (B)yan speech 9 fe bo - AC’ 4 ¢ fF PF # F 8) x ( ~ F KY) 10 mE i 7 4) wu (: uv w ®) nv u | # . .o — = m(- + * wf w) =, HiK Read the following: A: HWE? Bs WA FEIE RS, HATE? Ax fb FER HAZ (-) docsity.com (=) A: HERE EIB? B: ft, X45 méeimei (younger sister) "4? A: AK(no) , FE FG HA (=) RESEKE. fb 505 JE lGoshi( teacher) fh ARBLA, fo. # Exercises; 1. 328; Write the strokes: wu 4 a 2, REM RSRS: Fill in the blanks with characters you have learnt: 1) x 2 2) fe x 2 3) 4 MK ° 4)ee 8 — 5) RE 9 3. ARS RRY-MEANFRETRHSH: Choose one from each pair of characters to fill in the blank: 1) XR meimei, HKR. (46, #8) 2) Zhang ldoshi, #& didi(younger brother) . (Hb a) ra (4% , 4) 3) A: Laosht, ! s () B: ! Ce #8) docsity.com 3 Fi VR Lesson 5 —,. R#FMiA Notes on Chinese characters: 2 (—) Rules for stroke-order (2); ' KELP £5 LMHS BS PWNS H MM: From top to bottom: The strokes at the top should be written before those at the bot- tom. Examples: yy HB,” ££ & KARE: HEAMNSE BSNS H, i: From left to right: The strokes on the left should be written before those on the right. Examples ; Dp? ~ fe: 4 he AGA: MAEDA ARRA LESH MAM, BSS Bi: The containing strokes before the contained ones: When @ component contains an- other on the top-left or on the left, top and right, the containing ones should be written before the contained ones. Examples: A:) 1 FA HE MA PRRERA TA ARMA, BRAS, MRR PY, Us However, if a component contains another on the bottom-left or on the left, bottom and right, the contained ones should be written before the containing ones. Examples: hr RO &: a & =. #52 = Table of new characters: -zA jl FOE docsity.com 2) Ni péngyou yé shi ddéifu? 3) Ta shang tushtguan ma? 3. STROM BRRBLSEMM? GER) What are the rules to write the following characters? (optional) ew tk A 2 OW & 5 3 docsity.com —, RAIA RFS H(a) 35 7 UE Lesson 6 Notes on Chinese characters: Strokes(4) ; RT HSRAAB=+SH AMP OAMDREAT Melee Hs maaan FE : We have since learnt most of the 30 odd strokes in the previous 5 lessons and now we sum up them briefly as under: Sokes | ‘Names| Examples | Stokes | ‘Names| Hramies ~ ning = - shine a | 7 hangehe % b ae mR I oh & é fects a , x A L ace F ‘ * ~ ? roms at fe tk 1 (ye | a - qi a - hencesu ; 4 t nérnbocaraou ® | efeaou ay 4 here awergou aR \ wee, R ; nee nis x . ottoau & J shiwerggu He ‘om’ wingbu F q shetettecou % @ docsity.com ELBEH PREAH AAPA, Out of the above strokes, the following 8 are the basic ones: — héng 1 shu , pid \ nd » didn - tf 7 gdu 7 zhé RF WBH HERTS BC -RPR EG A, eC1 )RAER PE aC aR BEA Pb RCNA PAA LR Wo RGHSH FRE AB eB. Note that the horizontal stroke is by no means written from right to left, the vertical stroke is never written from bottom to top, the down stroke to the right should not be writ- ten from bottom-left to top-right and the down stroke to the left should not be written from bottom right to top-left. The combined strokes are written in the same way as the basic ones. RH ASARHMSH BSP EHH. The first step tu guod handwriting of characters is to grasp the strokes. HI S(—): The Hand-writing of Chinese characters(1) : RTSHRALALRAH RSHRAHHT SSAA BERRA RPSHHAR-RHERRADET RAERAPRAHRASEBS. % A A BPRS Be a a eS PE Ri. LEGRTR, F-CHMABAEA GREUMMAY. SESH ES FUREGHAAM., MERE RA WERKE AEBS Hae BAHN .S ee, The strokes of Chinese characters are roughly straight and that is different from Latin alphabet. However, the strokes are not as straight and rigid as sticks, because they are written with a Chinese brush. Only in recent times, did it become more and more popular to write with pens, pencils or ball-pointed pens. The Chinese brush with which the char- acters are written are made of weasel or sheep hair. Strokes written with a Chinese brush are not evenly of the same thickness and so they look nice and vigorous. Beautiful hand- writing is an artistic creation. We should pay attention to the strength we use and proper, thickness of each stroke, though we use pens or ball-pointed pens to write characters now- adays . & . docsity.com Ss teh Lesson 7 —. FAIR Notes on Chinese characters: $89 B Bi( ZB) Strokes (5); FARES RS RHREA SRLS KR DMER In addition to the grasp of basic: strokes, the following points are to be noted in le- arming the characters: 1. SHHRK:—TFPRABLEH BAM EY, KREMER, “KR” Lm AAR , WIE RHE, AIR TR" (yao) o AVFSOUKA AMER ha—-eHBR, WA ES SRR TSA" Cro). FRAPS BRRS Be T “/" (ba) 0 ZOOM MkSRMKORER wR” pA Tk, RT “K" (ta). ‘The shape of a stroke: A character is composed of fixed strokes which can not be al- lered freely, e.g., the first stroke of % is a horizontal one and if it is substituted by 7, the character will turn into % which is pronounced ydo. The length of a stroke and interval between strokes are also important, e.g., if 7 in A is shortened, the character will turn into A: which is read ru. Hf you put them in separation, the character hecomes /\ (ba) . Hi is also important to make clear whether a stroke crosses or touches another, 6.8. ifthe 7 in J crosses the first horizontal stroke (—), the character becomes # (fd) . 2. BMA: Bt Fe A wa A, BAT WATT. WI AB TE PRT RRR TE, ERT A”, RT ARRAYS 0 Number of strokes in a character; The number of strokes is fixed and no addition nor omission is allowed, e.g., if you add a horizontal stroke (—-) to KX, you will get K or # and if you omit one, you will get A. 3. SES Bm AY ic Bae se A a J eth AUR To NAB” Cou) At A — FP, aT “BR” (pei); “2” (toi) PARR, MURS AG Le ERR AK” (quan) Fo Position of stroke: The strokes are arranged in a fixed way and if you make it other- 3 docsity.com wise, the character will turn wrong or into quite another one, e.g., if you arrange the two components of # in another way, the character @ tums into f%(péi), and if you put the dot in K (td?) on the top-right, the character is read quan K meaning “dog” . S\RAW(=) Rules for stroke-order(3) : HHA SIS: ARGS AMR, KABA, ALIS Phar, RERBAN PRAM TRA, BAAD. Heo: AR A Y B4EERNAUN REESE Sb A SReS- ESE, BISSH. RM ANSE PA, MAM KA PERMA. OM “SW MRE ME RaA We have learnt the basic rules for stroke order: the horizontal before the vertical, the down stroke to the left before that to the right, from left to right, from top to bottom and the containing before the contained . However, they are not absolute rules but relative and mutually conditioned, e.g. , the general rule is to write the horizontal stroke before the vertical stroke, but if the verti- cal is to the left of the horizontal, the vertical precedes the horizontal, therefore, the first stroke of - and #f is the vertical one. ‘The horizontal stroke in the middle and prominent position should be written last, e.g., the one in Z. AHA RK: REP. SPROMAR NAW, BEF “1 FPS BSD, Ra Se ESR ETO, RR AMET OLE HAMM. Ms Write the enclosing strokes first and then those enclosed and finally the sealing hori- zontal stroke at the bottom. This rule is figuratively stated as “Close the door after you have entered the room”. Examples: A: | n A gq Ws: ) 7? > OU 9:7 127 A A fw FH BS =. £3 Table of new characters: 1} wo] 7? YO OF OW F(7 7 + A) : AC) WA oA A BH) mu eye doésity.com  (7 *~ & % 3 | fe ( F ) 2 4 it # ce a) shéu il «| 4 a ( e 7 @) | | 4 4 4 4) eT FR o\4 ( ) Al 1\|& [7 4+ &£ & B & r(7 FF ile ( ) A 9 | iC i) RC? ™ F BB) io | P| mo uf] x ~ Fy x 12 | HH —_ HC! n AoA A) gid 3] w | ve 2 a ae (> F FG FY GAR) shi BO nM FR) jin see =. PK Read the following: ee (—) docsity.com  KARE 4 aT af From left to right - = KO Ma A A yA The outer strokes before the inner strokes Feit A220 wy nN EI wy The enclosing strokes first, then the enclosed _ and finally the sealing horizontal stroke » ly oa om Se The middle stroke before those on both sides =, £F% Table of new characters: BH n 4H) ri sun tim | lac @ @) my (i . moms) #(- ¢ 4 #) mi wood 2 | 4B A 3 Fed * 4 4 ae + ah (- + aRY a _ | 5 3 aq (7 7 4) 6 # |} wow we eo hk 27 docsity.com  * yk) 7 oF FR 5) say v 4e Me 1 | Bu lt kK =. BK Read the following: (-) : PAE OLED Bw? > A! MR AH? PRE CTA HT? 2 A AAT BRC ge zhong all kinds ial. : Xidxie Ff > Op oP (=) : OH RA A AG : A ABE (yao want) P3C6 1G? A, RE Px xlaxie HR! Pp (=) SIRO PACE HL ARMAS BARA docsity.com . #3 Exercises: 1. SHPARS NSB: Give the first stroke of each character: 1) & ¢ ) 3) # ( ) 2) £ ¢ ) 4) X& ( ) 2. WSHRACHRMA RAR: Write the name of your country and the name of your native language: {fi Example: PEI HA q & : 6 & Name of country Name of language wh e docgity.com =. £4 = Table of new characters: T B(7 5 & HB mH BY 1/2 | * 4 ( . 4 f 4 4 ) hé standing grain 2 | #P + 3 Iu J St 4/M)" + Ff Fw s| Re je A KR l 6 | # % . wl or a) | 1 |e t(- + +) Cc ") 8 x |? (s 7 w 2) xX mu wood |e 7 TF 10 FB 4 _ i EB (7 = a EB) ul ALA A _|FC a) guding i 2 | l aS —4 3 (7 7 4) ik BU eC 4 #) docsity.fom  =, HiX Read the following: (+) SAHR BAS tPEF RK JUGK IR TKAT MAKR APTA AP PE (>) : $B _b WIG (shdingdidn shop). » WERTA? > REILPAT.--S AOL, iL Ae : A, BE BIR (book store) > > RETA? LAS SCAR TL RIR AR aK (4) A: RA—KRFT,—KR ATE. RA tonqwi BA-KAT, RH KR ATE. B: 224 BS F (yizi chair)? A: 4,4 RA MwA, CP OP OP BQ, #5) Exercises: 1. ARAN ARS RES Ee P ? Give examples of the following structures from characters you learnt: 1) AEA: (Left-right) \ docsity.com 2) EFS: (top-bottom ) 3) Aspe: (outer-inner ) 2. PARSE S | we Me What are the rules to follow in writing the following characters? 1) 2) 4 3) #8 4) the chs MEP core docsity.com  lB(7 7 F F RF B) id 4 | Aly iG) + - + + tii earth lg 2! ) u A(4 4 &#) 4 () 4 4 6 | ab ( ) & (7 &) bl 1, #]> 7 FF ¥ FF # ®/H) +F AW AR RH F 9); Rl 1m Py DR : wl RE” = F F yr chang uo | A T ding p-——4}—-—}— y 12) OF = Wr ( yOoF Fy fin =, HR Read the following: | (—) | A: KERLPAR? i B: RRL, RELRSKTHSK. A: RENMARSRA. BR! B, Ha! (=) As REIL? Bp REAL KA (AS deus university). 37 docsity.com A: PEALE A? B: #, RAD ILE A+ $B (quo) Mz. A. &> Exercises: 1. EPAARH EH WEBS S FEB: Give three characters of each structure and transcribe them: Ld 2. SHAR PS (RS AMRF TA: Give characters containing the following components and a word including each character: Da: ¢ ) )_ _¢ ) 2) + ( ) ( ) ( , 4 docsity.¢om