Databases in Electronic Commerce - Database Management and Design - Lecture Slides, Slides of Introduction to Database Management Systems

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Databases in Electronic Commerce Docsity.com In this chapter, you will learn: • What electronic commerce (e-commerce) is • About the effect of e-commerce and its benefits and disadvantages • About the different electronic commerce styles • About the Internet architectural components required to conduct electronic commerce Docsity.com What is Electronic Commerce? • Use of electronic networked computer- based technology to: – Bring new products, services, or ideas to market – Support and enhance business operations (including sales of products/services over the Web) • Most e-commerce transactions take place among businesses • Now recognized as a prime revenue source Docsity.com The Road to Electronic Commerce • Key to e-commerce is using computer networks, especially the Internet, to automate and streamline business transactions • 1960s: banks created private telephone network to do electronic funds transfers • 1970s: banks created services to provide afterhours services to their customers • Late 1970s and early 1980s: Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) emerged – Communications protocol that enabled companies to exchange business documents over private phone networks Docsity.com The Road to Electronic Commerce (continued) • Early 1980s and through the 1990s: personal computer facilitated rapid expansion of the Internet and ultimately provided the spark that led to the explosive use of the World Wide Web • Late 1990s and early 2000s: networking technologies blossomed and expanded the reach, speed, and in some cases, security of Internet-based communications and transactions Docsity.com E-Commerce Benefits • Easy comparison shopping • Reduced costs and increased competition • Convenience • 24 × 7 × 365 operation • Global access • Lower entry barriers • Increased market (customer) knowledge Docsity.com E-Commerce Disadvantages • Hidden costs • Vulnerability to technical failure • Cost of staying in business • Lack of security • Invasion of privacy • Low service levels • Legal issues Docsity.com E-commerce Styles • Transactions can be grouped according to the sellers and buyers: – Business to business (B2B) • Electronic commerce between businesses – Business to consumer (B2C) • Electronic commerce between business and consumers – Intra-business • Internal electronic commerce activities, most of which involve interactions between employers and employees Docsity.com Covisint.com: Automotive B2B Marketplace FIGURE 13.5 Covisint.com: AUTOMOTIVE B2B MARKETPLACE Favorites Toole Help | | Address [2] tte //nnwws curvisied conn/imeniucldew? = 2 fay Qa co os Ga SI Stop Mekesh Home Search [Favorites History Mail Discuss veses comers Ml [enguase =] EY tours & demos 2th wien varies product development product davolapriverit ae Better Tools. Enhanced Collaboration. Superior eee oo The automotive industry is canstantly innowating to procurement provide products that meet customers" ever Ehanging needs faster and at lower cost, TO differantiate themselves in the crowded automotive about covisint marketplace, companies must continuously spend enormous sums to develop and introduce new lines of oxciting, cutting-edge products. press room Bavanced toc! doveloment © Ford recou press relesses © Govisint Japan KK Established; Locaves Headquarters in Tokve Cowisint and «STEEL to Go Merket Direct Material Procuramant Technology Docsity.com Travel Retailing Financial Banking Music Government Sample B2C Web Sites TABLE 13.1 SAMPLE B2C WEB SITES POCA poten nS) a NOS B2C WEB SITES Travelocity.com Expedia.com CheapTickets.com Landsend.com Spiegel.com JCPenney.com Fidelity.com Ftrade.com Netbank.com Ist-online-banking.com CDNow.com Internal Revenue Service (www.irs.com) Computer Health Services Auctions Reverse Auctions Insurance Education Dell.com IBM.com Pricewatch.com HealthNet.com WebMD.com Ebay.com Priceline.com LendingTree.com Quotesmith.com University of Phoenix Cardean University Docsity.com E-commerce Architecture • Deployment of a well-planned architecture is necessary to support e-commerce business transactions, both internal and external • E-commerce architecture can be divided into a series of layers: – Basic Internet services – Business-enabling services – E-commerce business services Docsity.com Internet Building Blocks and Basic Services (continued) TABLE 13.2 INTERNET BUILDING BLOCKS AND BASIC SERVICES (CONTINUED) DESCRIP Lt Term used to refer to the Web server and the collection of Web pages stored on the local hard disk of the server computer or an accessible shared directory. A Web page whose contents remain the same (when viewed in a browser) unless the page is manually edited. An example of a static Web page is a standard pricelist posted by a manufacturer for inspection by the manufacturer’s customers. A Web page whose contents are automatically created and tailored to an end user’s needs each time the end user requests the page. For example, an end user can access a Web page that displays the latest stock prices for the companies selected by the end user. Protocol used to provide file transfer capabilities among computers in the Internet. An FTP client requests a file to an FTP server. The FTP server listens for clients’ requests, processes them, and sends the requested files back to the client. Messages transmitted electronically among computers on the Internet. A mail server stores e-mail messages in end-user mailboxes. Mail clients retrieve e-mail from the mail server. When a client sends an e-mail, it is temporarily stored on the mail server, which in turn delivers the e-mail to the correct destination. Specialized services that allow the creation of “virtual communities” in which users exchange messages regarding specific topics, for example, aviation, sports, and computers. This service allows end users to post information on shared bulletin boards for public access. Docsity.com Basic Internet Services FIGURE 13.7 Basic INTERNET SERVICES WEB BROWSER WEB BROWSER WEB BROWSER SERVICES: Web Server FIP Mail News Discussion, WEB BROWSER ‘Groups Web Site Dynamic Web Page HTML DOCUMENTS Docsity.com Business-Enabling Services TABLE 13.3 BUSINESS-ENABLING SERVICES DESCRIPTION Search services provide Web sites with the ability to perform scarches on their These services can be used in intranets to search for payroll informati formation, etc. A B2C Web site could use this ation, Customer support data, etc. Search contents. benefits, vacation limes, Contract feature to search for product return infor services are a “must have” for all e-commerce Wel Services oriented to ensure the security and privacy of the data by providing encryption, digital certificates, SSL, S-FT TE firewalls, and proxy servers. (These are ites. Rorioneing oF an oprinaesl toe luk fa bi a z b 4 m Docsity.com Security (continued) • Security (procedures and technology) must be maintained to: – Authenticate identity of transaction participants – Protect transaction data from unauthorized modifications – Protect resources (data and computers) Docsity.com A Sample E-Commerce Transaction FIGURE 13.8 A SAMPLE E-COMMERCE TRANSACTION Shipping Merchant ‘Consumer Company Dare receives U rder data d Customer sai nters order and payment . information Merchant receives f order and shipping oat I Merchant receives ithorization, stores order data, and sends order confirmation to customer Issuing company authorizes Merchant uses third- transaction party company to process payment authorization ioe, Payment-processi 4 company contacts issuing. dele Le" transaction Credit Card- Payment Issuing Processing Company company Docsity.com Registering with a Certification Authority FIGURE 13.9 REGISTERING WITH A CERTIFICATION AUTHORITY File Edit View Favorites H Address [7 bttes://dicitalid verisian.com/chent/class =] «Go fo J ES) ray <2 Coad cs = Back ote Scarch Favorites History i Print WE en Enrollment WeriSign'™ Class 1 Digital IDs for Microsoft Internet Explorer Step 1 of 4: Complete Enrollment Form ¢ Step 1: Complete Enrotiment Form ‘Step 3: Flac up Digital ID Step 2: Check E-maut ‘Step 4: install Digital ID Contents of Your Digital 1D Fill in all fields. Use only the Englich alphabet with no accented characters. This information ic included in your Digital ID and is available to the public. ge Phrase [4 [a Internet Docsity.com Web Browser Proxy Settings FIGURE 13.12 WEB BROWSER PROXY SETTINGS Proxy Settings Servers Type Proxy address to use Port HTTP: Secure: FAP: Gopher: Socks: feo [¥ Use the same proxy server for all protocols ee a Use semicolons [ ; ] to separate entries. a Docsity.com Web Payment Processing • Key function of e-commerce Web sites is their ability to process online payments for products and/or services – Digital cash • Digital equivalent of hard currency – Online credit card processing – Electronic wallets • Equivalent of a physical wallet—can contain credit card information, digital cash, and other personal information such as shipping addresses, phone numbers, and e-mail addresses Docsity.com Setting Up a Microsoft Electronic Wallet FIGURE 13.13 SETTING UP A MICROSOFT ELECTRONIC WALLET Update item Seller: If this item has rect Seller assumes all responsibility for listing this item. You should c+ less ot . Docsity.com CUSTOMER Table TABLE 13-5 CUSTOMER TaBLeE ATTRIBUTE NAME cUsT_ID ‘CUST_DATEIN ‘CUST_LNAME CUST_FNAME CUST_ADDR1 CUST_ADDR2 cusT_cITy ‘CUST_STATE cUsT_ZIP ‘CUST_CNTRY ‘CUST_PHONE CUST_EMAIL CUST_LOGINID CUST_PASSWD. CUST_CCNAME cUsST_CCNUM ‘CUsT_CCEXDATE ‘CUsT_ACRNUM CUST_BLLADDR1 CUST_BLIADDR2 (CUST_BLLCITY ‘CUST_BLLSTATE PE Pre | Customer ID—automatically generated PK [Date the customer was added to the table Last Name First Name Address line 1 Address line 2 City State or Region if international customer FK Zip code Country Phone E-mail address Login ID for registered customers Password for login—encrypted field Name as it appears on credit card Credit card number—encrypted field Credit card expiration date in mm/yy format Account Receivable number—to interface with the internal account receivable system or a reference PO number for clients set up in net 30 terms Billing address line 1 Billing address line 2 Billing address city Billing address state FK Docsity.com CUSTOMER Table (Continued) TABLE 13.5 CUSTOMER TABLE (CONTINUED) Ae CRIPTION ad Billing address zip Billing address country Favorite shipping type FK Shipping address line 1 Shipping address line 2 Shipping address city Shipping address state FK Shipping address zip Shipping address country Tax ID for tax-exempt customers Membership type—used for special promotions and to determine product pricing according to membership level, for example: regular price, member price, or gold member price Docsity.com PRODUCT Table TABLE 13.6 PRODUCT TABLE Product |D—automatically generated PK Product short name—shown in promotions, invoices, etc. For example: Verbatim CD-R Product description—a long description of the product, used in Web pages for product information Product options, for example: colors, sizes, style. (There are many ways to handle sizes or colors for apparel and shoe industries; several of them require separate product entries or the creation of other tables in 1:M relationships.) URL of the product’s image file. Could occur many times (front view, back view, side view, top view). Stock number used by the vendor or supplier Part number from manufacturer, for example, VBTM 34563 Vendor—The vendor ID for the product, for example, Global Suppliers FK Product type (category), for example, Storage FK e Unit size of the product: box, case, each 3 Docsity.com ORDER Table TABLE 13.8 ORDER TABLE fey PTION Order ID—automatically generated PK Date the order was added Customer ID (optional)—some customers will not register. If this were a registered customer, the CUS_ID would be automatically added by Web system. FK Payment type 1L—selected by the customer rK Name as it appears on credit card—copied from CUSTOMER data, manually entered by an unregistered customer, or by electronic wallet software. Credit card number—encrypted field—copied from CUSTOMER data, manually entered by an unregistered customer or by electronic wallet software. Credit card expiration date in mm/yy format—copied from ‘CUSTOMER data, manually entered by an unregistered customer or by clectronic wallet software. Selected shipping type—automatically or manually entered. This is mK used if only one Company or shipment is used to fulfill the order. Shipping address line 1—automatically or manually entered Shipping address line 2 automatically or manually entered Shipping address city—automatically or manually entered Shipping address state—automatically or manually entered FK Shipping address zip—automatically or manually entered Shipping address country—automatically or manually entered Date the order shipped—if complete shipment. If partial shipment, see ORDLINE for shipment dates for each product line. ME On as Docsity.com  ORDER Table (Continued) TABLE 13.8 ORDER TABLE (CONTINUED) DESCRIPTION PK/FK Total shipment cost—estimated shipment cost for order. This is the result of applying a given shipment cost formula according to the shipment method. CEO Total product cost—the sum of all product prices * quantity ordered Total cost of sales tax—computed by adding the taxes for each individual product ORDLINE table, Promotion ID applied to order (optional) Total cost of order: PRODCOST + SHIPCOST + TAXCOST - PRO_AMT (from promotion table) Transaction confirmation number from credit card company Status of the order: Open, Shipped, or Paid Docsity.com  ORDLINE Table TABLE 13.9 ORDLINE TABLE EU aa SCRIPTION Ls Order line ID—automatically generated ORD Order ID from ORDER table FK Product ID FK Quantity ordered Product price—after all promotions and discounts Percentage tax rate applied to this product. Some products or customers may be tax exempt. If the product/customer is taxable, the tax rate is obtained according to the STATE in the shipping address, Shipping company and type used to ship this product—for cases in which FK partial shipment is required Date this product shipped Docsity.com SHIPTYPE Table TABLE 13.12 SHIPTYPE TABLE ATTRIBUTE NAME Marea TO) PK/FK HID Shipping type ID—automatically generated Name; UPS Next Day, UPS Three Days, FedEx Overnight, etc, Shipping cost per weight unit—this depends on the formula used by the shipping company. Most are based on the shipping zip code and the size and weight of the products being shipped. Therefore, it's vey likely that you are going to need additional attributes in this table as you develop the design, Additional shipping notes Docsity.com TAXRATE Table TABLE 13.13 TAXRATE TABLE a State ID from the STATE table—required PK, FK WME Percentage sales lax rate appled—required TALNOTES Additional notes—ike reason forthe tax charge, etc, Docsity.com STATE Table TABLE 13.14 STATE TABLE AULA LUS) Na DDO ALS SHED Stale [automaticaly generated “SHENAE Name of the state—required Docsity.com  PRODPRICE Table TABLE 13.17 PRODPRICE TABLE Negi Product ID from the PRODUCT table Product purchase quantity from in range—required For example: 1 or 6 or 11 PK Product purchase quantity to in range—required For example: 5 or 10 or 9999 PK Price for the quantity range—required Docsity.com Extensible Markup Language (XML) • Meta-language used to represent and manipulate data elements • Designed to facilitate the exchange of structured documents such as orders or invoices over the Internet • World Wide Web Consortium published the first XML 1.0 standard definition in 1998 Docsity.com Contents of the ProductList.xml cument FIGURE 13.14 CONTENTS OF THE PRODUCTLIST.XML DOCUMENT &j productlist.xml - Notepad File Edt Search Help <ProductList> <Product> <?xml version ="1.6"?> <P_CODE>23169-HB</P_CODE> <P_DESCRIPT>Claw hammer</P_DESCRIPT> <P_INDATE>08/19/2802</P_INDATE> <P_ONHAND>23</P_ONHAND> <P_MIN>10¢/P_MIN> <P_PRICE>S .95<¢/P_PRICE> </Product> <Product> <P_CODE>23444-AA</P_CODE> <P_DESCRIPT>Sledge Hanmer, 12 1b.</P_DESCRIPT> <P_INDATE>69/61/2002</P_INDATE> <P_ONHAND>8</P_ONHAND> <P_MINDS</P_MIN> <P_PRICE>14.46</P_PRICE> </Product> </ProductList> Docsity.com DTD and XML Documents for Order FIGURE 13.17 DTD AND XML DOCUMENTS FOR ORDER a. <!ELEMENT <!ELEMENT <!ELEMENT <!ELEMENT <!ELEMENT <!ELEMENT <!ELEMENT <!ELEMENT <!ELEMENT <!ELEMENT <!ELEMENT OrderData (ORD_ID, ORD_DATE, CUS_NAME, ORD_SHIPTO, ORD_PRODS, ORD_TD (#PCDATA )> ORD_DATE (#PCDATA CUS_NAME (#PCDATA ORD_SHIPTO (#PCDATA ORD_PRODS (P_CODE, P_DESCRIPT, P_QOTY, P_PRICE)+> <¢———) P_CODE (#PCDATA P_DESCRIPT (#PCDATA P_QTY (#PCDATA P_PRICE (#PCDATA ORD_TOT (#PCDATA <?XML VERSION ="1.0"?> <!DOCTYPE OrderDataSYSTEM “OrderDat .adtd"> <ordernata> <ORD_TID>34523</ORD_ID> <ORD_DATE>12/08/2002</ORD_DATE> <CUS_NAME>Jill Atkins</CUS_NAME> <ORD_SHIPTO>1234 Crown Rd, Chicago, IL 34564 </ORD_SHIPTO> <ORD_PRODS> <P_CODE>23109-HB</P_CODE> <pP_DESCRIPY>Claw hammer</P_DESCRIPT> <P_QTY>2</P_OTY> <P_PRICE>5 .95</P_PRICE> </ORD_PRODS> SS <ORD_PRODS> <P_CODE>23114-AA</P_CODE> <P_DESCRIPT>Sledge Hammer, 12 1b.</P_DESCRIPT> <P_QTY>1</P_QTY> <P_PRICE>14_40</P_PRTCE> </ORD_PRODS> <oRD_TOT=26.30</ORD_TOT> ol </OrderData> ORD_TOT)> ORD_PRODS elements Two ORD_PRODS elements in XML document Docsity.com The XML Schema Document for the Order Data FIGURE 13.18 THE XML SCHEMA DOCUMENT FOR THE ORDER DATA <xsdischema xmlns:xsd="http: //www.company.com/xmlschema"> <xsd:element name="OrderData" type="Order"/> <xsdceomplexType name="Order"> <xsd:element name="ORD_ID" xsd:string"/> <xsd:element name="ORD_DATE” xsd:date"/> <xsd:element name="CUS_NAME" xsd:string"/> <xsd:element name="ORD_SHIPTO" xsd:string"/> <xsd:element name="ORD_PRODS" productlist"/> <xsd:element name="ORD_TOT" xsd:decimal"/> <xsd:complexType name="Order"> <xsd:complexType name="productlist"> <xsd:element name="product" ="aproduct" ninOccurs="1" maxOccurs="unbounded"/> </xsd:complexType> <xsd:complexType name="aproduct"> <xsd:element name="P_CODE" xsd:string" use="required"/> <xsd:element » DESCRIPT" xsd:string" <xsd:element xsd:positiveInteger" <xsd:element mi xsd:decimal" use="required" /> </xsd:complexType> </xsd:schema> Docsity.com Framework for XML rancfarmatinne FIGURE 13.19 FRAMEWORK FOR XML TRANSFORMATIONS XSL transformations Extract «Convert New XML document XSLT can be used to transform one XML document into another XML document style sheets wa => ==> formatting —") HTML a) HTML The process can render diderene Web pages for different purposes, such as one page for a Web browser and another for a mobile device Docsity.com Summary • E-commerce is the use of electronic computer-based technology to – bring new products, services, or ideas to market, and to – support enhanced business operations • E-commerce enables companies to market and sell products and/or services to a global market of millions of users Docsity.com Summary (continued) • Adoption of e-commerce technologies enables companies to provide rapid responses to competitive pressures by enhancing internal operations and facilitating business transactions • E-commerce can be classified as business to business (B2B), business to consumer (B2C), and intra-business Docsity.com Summary (continued) • E-commerce architecture provides a framework that describes the technical components of e-commerce Web sites and their interactions • Security and privacy of business transactions and data are crucial for the success of e-commerce • Credit card processing and digital cash are the most common ways to process payments on the Internet Docsity.com