Download Cognitive Psychology Exam 4 Study Guide: Topics Covered in Lectures 26-32 and more Exercises Cognitive Psychology in PDF only on Docsity! Introduction to Cognitive Psychology: PSY 200 Greg Francis, PhD Department of Psychological Sciences Psychological Sciences Building, Room 3174 (765) 494-6934 email: gfrancis@purdue.edu http://www.psych.purdue.edu/∼gfrancis/Classes/PSY200/index.html Study Guide for Exam 4 Exam Date: 17 April 2013 The exam will include 40 multiple choice questions worth 2 points each, and 2 short answer questions worth 10 points each. Total points on the exam is 100. This exam makes up 16% of your class grade. The exam is given in class. Make sure you understand the following topics. Basically, for each of the topics listed below, you should be able to think of a corresponding question and be able to write a paragraph or so in answer to that question. If you understand all of the following topics well, then you should be able to answer a variety of questions on the topics. Lecture 26: Language instinct 1. Be able to describe (in general terms) the influence of culture on language. Be able to give some examples of how the Norman invasion of Britain continues to influence modern spoken English. Understand that this influence is different from the issue of how people have the ability to work with language at all. 2. Understand the basic arguments that language is an instinct. 3. Understand why the way children learn language suggests that they are not simply mimicking other speakers. 4. Know what a pidgin is. Know what a creole is. Know their properties relative to languages. Understand how the development of a creole from a pidgin suggests that language is re-invented by children. 5. Understand the relation between dialects and languages. 6. Be able to explain word dropping in BEV and it’s relationship to contractions in SAE. 7. Understand why there is really no “correct” English speech. Lecture 27: Phrase trees 1. Know the two key aspects of language: symbols and grammar. 2. Understand what a grammar is. 3. Understand why there are an infinite number of possible sentences and essentially no limit to the length of sentences. Understand why this is important. 4. Understand what we mean when we say we can recognize a grammatically correct nonsense sentence. 5. Understand what it means to say that knowledge of grammar is distinct from meaning and understanding. How can we be sure that they are distinct? 6. Be able to explain what a long-term dependency is. How do long-term dependencies cause problems for statistical learning of language? 7. Know what re-write rules are. Understand how a phrase tree corresponds to re-write rules. 8. Understand how a phrase tree produces grammatically correct sentences (even non- sense sentences). 9. Recognize the advantage of learning phrases versus learning multiple uses of a word. 10. Understand, in general, how phrase trees deal with long-term dependencies. 11. Understand, in general, what is involved in language universals. Be able to describe the two examples of language universals that were discussed in lecture. Lecture 28: Words 1. Recognize that while many words must be memorized, there are many rules for the creation of words. 2. In what sense are words arbitrary symbols for concepts? 3. Be able to describe the CogLab word superiority experiment, and explain the signifi- cance of the typical results. 4. Understand how the behavior of pre-schoolers with the wug-test demonstrates the existence of a rule for pluralizing nouns. 5. Know that morphology is the study of words. Know what morphemes are. 6. Be able to contrast English morphology of verbs with other languages. How does English discuss things that are treated by verb forms in other languages? 7. Know what suffixes and prefixes are, and how they relate to words in the lexicon. 8. Be able to describe some of the rules for word creation: e.g., compound nouns and pluralizing nouns. Be able to discuss the importance of a root for some suffixes. 9. Know what types of information must exist in the lexicon. 10. Understand how the exceptions to morphology rules usually derive from other lan- guages. Be able to explain why only common words can be exceptions to the rules. 11. Understand, in general, how the head of a word indicates what the word is about. Know that in English it is the right-most morpheme. 12. Understand why walkman is a headless noun. Understand why this makes creating the plural form complicated.
