Law,poverrty and development. sem iii. 100. pankaj sharma. special, Study Guides, Projects, Research of Economics and Law

Download Law,poverrty and development. sem iii. 100. pankaj sharma. special and more Study Guides, Projects, Research Economics and Law in PDF only on Docsity! A Special project report on “Multidimensional poverty in India” Project submitted to: Prof. Hanumant Yadav (Faculty of Economics) Project submitted by: Pankaj Sharma Semester III, Roll No. 100 Section A 18.10.2016 HIDAYATULLAH NATIONAL LAW UNIVERSITY RAIPUR, c.g. TABLE OF CONTENTS • Acknowledgement……………………………………………….…3 • Introduction………………………………………………………….4-5 • Objectives……………………………………………………………...6 • Research Methodology • Collection of data…………………………………………….6 • ………………………………………………………..7-8 • I9-10 • …………………………………..11-13 • 14-16 • ………………………………………………………………..17-18 • Conclusion……………………………………………………………….19 • References………………………………………………………………20 OBJECTIVES • To study about the multidimensional poverty in India • To study about the multidimensional poverty index. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY This project report is based on Descriptive Research Methodology. COLLECTION OF DATA: Secondary and Electronic resources have been largely used to gather information and data about the topic. Books and other reference as guided by Faculty have been primarily helpful in giving this project a firm structure. Websites, dictionaries and articles have also been referred. Footnotes have been provided wherever needed, either to acknowledge the source or to point to a particular provision of law. Multidimensional Poverty Index The Global Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI for short) is an international measure of acute poverty covering more than 100 developing countries. The MPI complements income- based poverty measures by reflecting the multiple deprivations that people face at the same time. The MPI identifies deprivations across health, education and living standards, and shows the number of people who are multidimensionally poor and the deprivations that they face at the household level. The MPI has ten indicators: two for health, two for education and six for living standards. The indicators of the MPI were selected after a thorough consultation process involving experts in all three dimensions. During this process, the ideal choices of indicators had to be reconciled with what was actually possible in terms of data availability and cross-country comparison. The ten indicators finally selected are almost the only set of indicators that could be used to compare around 100 countries (section 8 explores these data limitations further). Ideally, the MPI would be able to make comparisons across gender and age groups, for example, along with documentation of intra-household inequalities. Yet because certain variables are not observed for all household members this was not possible. So each person is identified as deprived or not deprived using any available information for household members. For example, if any household member for whom data exists is malnourished, each person in that household is considered deprived in nutrition. Taking this approach – which was required by the data – does not reveal intra-household disparities, but it is intuitive and assumes shared positive (or negative) effects of achieving (or not achieving) certain outcomes. Multidimensional Poverty Index of India The new international Multi-dimensional Poverty Index (MPI) has published in its report that 645 million people or 55% of India's population is poor. India's inability to ensure basic levels of nutrition is the greatest contributor to its poverty. The new measure says that that acute poverty prevails in eight Indian states, including Bihar, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal, together accounting for more poor people than in the 26 poorest African nations combined. The MPI has been developed by the Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative (OPHI) for the United Nations Development Programme’s (UNDP) forthcoming 2010 Human Development Report. It is composed of ten indicators measuring health, education and standard of living. The indicators used are: · Education: Years of schooling and child enrollment (1/6 weightage each); · Health: Child mortality and nutrition (1/6 weightage each); · Standard of living: Electricity, flooring, drinking water, sanitation, cooking fuel and assets (1/18 weightage each) An analysis by the MPI analysis has concluded that there are more ‘MPI poor’ people in eight Indian states (421 million in Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Orissa, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, and West Bengal) than in the 26 poorest African countries combined (410 million). The MPI takes into account a range of critical factors or ‘deprivations’ at the household level: from education to health outcomes to assets and services. UNDP and OPHI claim that the new measure provides a fuller portrait of acute poverty than simple income measures. The report states that even the most prosperous states have more than 40% of their population as poor by the new composite measure. Kerala is the only state in which the poor constitute less than 20%. The MPI measures not only the incidence of poverty but its intensity also. It defines a person as poor if he or she is deprived on at least 3 of the 10 indicators. By this definition, 55% of India is poor; almost double the official poverty figure of 29%. Almost 20% of Indians are deprived on 6 of the 10 indicators. 40% of those who are defined as poor are also nutritionally deprived. Thus nutritional deprivation comes out as the largest factor in estimating poverty. Multi-dimensional poverty is highest (81.4% and understand poverty and how to improve this going forward. According to a WB spokesperson, the CGP recommendations are expected in April 2016. India poverty figures varies with method Though home to the largest number of poor in 2012, India's poverty rate is one of the lowest among those countries with the largest number of poor, the latest World Bank report notes. Also in the case of India, with large numbers of people clustered close to the poverty line, poverty estimates are significantly different depending on the recall period in the survey, the authors note. Since 2015 is the target year for the Millennium Development Goals, the assessment of changes in poverty over time is best based on the Uniform Reference Period (URP) consumption method, which uses a 30-day recall period for calculating consumption expenditures, as per the report. This method, used to set the baseline poverty rates for India in 1990, shows India’s poverty rate for 2011/12 to be 21.2 per cent. By comparison, the Modified Mixed Reference Period (MMRP), which contains a shorter, seven-day recall period for some food items leads to higher estimates of consumption and therefore lower poverty estimates. REFERENCES • WWW.ECONOMICSHELP.COM • http://www.indiastudychannel.com/resources/128692-Importance-industries-Indian- economy.aspx • http://business.mapsofindia.com/india-industry/ http://www.rsmm.com/ http://www.riico.co.in/mineral.htm Directorate of Economics & Statistics.htm http://rajasthan. gov.in http://business. mapsofindia.com/india-industry/#sthash. pKZ DBvF7.dpuf