Parkinson Disease - Introduction to Neurology - Lecture Slides, Slides of Neurology

Download Parkinson Disease - Introduction to Neurology - Lecture Slides and more Slides Neurology in PDF only on Docsity! Parkinson’s Disease An Overview of Conventional and Experimental Treatments Docsity.com Background • Parkinson’s disease is a disorder that affects nerve cells in the part of the brain controlling muscle movement • Disease is progressive – signs/symptoms worsen over time • Eventually is disabling, but progresses gradually • Believed to be caused by genetics, environmental factors or a combination of the two Docsity.com = sie Globus lidus Inber na. Subs tantia nigra Subthalamic huceus Docsity.com Neurological Basis • PARKINSON’S BRAIN FUNCTION–Basal Ganglia • Cells of substantia nigra degenerate • These cells can no longer produce adequate amounts of dopamine • Neurons of striatum, etc. are no longer well regulated, thus do not behave in normal manner • Results in loss of control of movements – leads to symptoms characteristic of Parkinson’s disease Docsity.com Characteristic Symptoms • MOTOR – tremor – bradykinesia – rigidity/freezing in place – lack of facial expression – postural instability – stooped, shuffling gait • NONMOTOR – diminished sense of smell – low voice volume – foot cramps – sleep disturbance – depression – constipation – drooling Docsity.com Conventional Treatments: Medication • MAO Inhibitors (Selegiline) • COMT Inhibitors • Anticholinergics Docsity.com Conventional Treatments: Surgery • Thalamotomy • Involves destruction of small amounts of tissue in the thalamus—major center for relaying messages/transmitting sensations • Can cause slurred speech and lack of coordination • Pallidotomy • electric current used to destroy small amount of tissue in the pallidum (globus pallidus) • May improve tremors, rigidity by interrupting pathway between globus pallidus and thalamus Docsity.com Conventional Treatments: Surgery • Deep Brain Stimulation • implant device, pacemaker-like unit transmits impulses to electrodes placed in subthalamic nucleus • Produces same effects of lesion surgeries, but can be turned on and off Docsity.com