Schizophrenia - General Psychology - Lecture Slides, Slides of Introduction to Psychology

Download Schizophrenia - General Psychology - Lecture Slides and more Slides Introduction to Psychology in PDF only on Docsity! a la docsity.com = 2 = o N = 5 a Schizophrenia • Psychological Disorder – A “harmful dysfunction” in which behavior is judged: • atypical- not enough in itself • disturbing-varies with time & culture • maladaptive- harmful • unjustifiable-sometimes there’s a good reason docsity.com Schizophrenia 70% : Schizophrenia risk ° | © Fraternal twins for twins ofthose 60 |—Mlldenticaltwins — — diagnosed with schizophrenia 30 40 - 30 } 20 10 0 Japan Denmark Finland Germany U.K. (1996) (1996) (1998) — (1998) (1999) ® docsity.com DSM-IV-TR Criteria for Schizophrenia A. At least two of the following symptoms lasting for at least one month in the active phase (exception: only one symptom if it involves bizarre delusions or if hallucinations involve a running commentary on the person or two or more voices talking with each other). 1. Delusions 2. Hallucinations 3. Disorganized speech (incoherence or frequent derailment) 4. Grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior 5. Negative symptoms (flat affect, avolition, alo- gia, or anhedonia) B. During the course of the disturbance, functioning in one or more areas such as work, social rela- tions, and self-care has deteriorated markedly from premorbid levels (in the case of a child or adolescent, failure to reach expected level of social or academic development). C. Signs of the disorder must be present for at least six months. D. Schizoaffective and mood disorders with psy- chotic features must be ruled out. E. The disturbance is not substance-induced or caused by organic factors. pees teann Symptoms of Schizophrenia Disorganized Thinking “This morning, when I was at Hillside Hospital, I was making a movie. I was surrounded by movie stars. The X-ray technician was Peter Lawford. The security guard was Don Knotts. That Indian doctor in Building 40 was Lou Costello. I’m Mary Poppins. Is this room painted blue to get me upset? My grandmother died four weeks after my eighteenth birthday.” docsity.com Symptoms of Schizophrenia Disorganized Thinking Delusions • Delusions: Bizarre beliefs maintained in spite of strong evidence to the contrary. –Paranoid Delusions: Extreme suspicion, people are out to get you. –Delusions of Grandeur: Belief that they are someone very important. docsity.com Symptoms of Schizophrenia Disorganized Thinking Delusions –Delusions of Persecution: Target of a plot to harm them. –Delusions of Reference: Unrelated events are given special significance. • A radio program or newspaper article is giving them a special message. docsity.com Symptoms of Schizophrenia Disturbed Perceptions • Many people with schizophrenia experience hallucinations (sensory experiences without sensory stimulation), often audio, which may insult or give orders. • When the unreal seems real to the person with schizophrenia, the resulting perceptions are at best bizarre, at worst terrifying. docsity.com The Symptoms of Schizophrenia • Primary Symptoms: Arise from the disease itself. • Secondary Symptoms: Response to medication and institutionalization. • Anhedonia: Inability to feel pleasure • Lack of insight concerning symptoms docsity.com Types of Schizophrenia Process vs. Reactive Schizophrenia • Process (or chronic) Schizophrenia: Describes symptoms that developed gradually, usually over a period of years. • Reactive (or acute) Schizophrenia: Sudden onset symptoms. – Reaction to negative life events • Much more likely that reactive will get better. docsity.com Types of Schizophrenia Symptoms • Patients with Positive Symptoms may experience hallucinations, are disorganized in their thinking, and may exhibit inappropriate emotions. – Presence of inappropriate behaviors. • Patients with Negative Symptoms have toneless voices and rigid bodies. – Absence of appropriate behaviors. docsity.com Understanding Schizophrenia Brain Abnormalities • When experiencing hallucinations, schizophrenic’s brains are very active in certain areas. • Pet scans show abnormal brain activity (lots of thalamus activity) • Enlarged ventricles (fluid filled sacks in brain) • Shrinkage of cerebral cortex – more shrinkage the more negative symptoms • Small thalamus – may explain inability to filter sensory information • Why? Low birth weight and birth complications are correlated with schizophrenia. A midpregnancy viral infection might impair brain development? docsity.com Understanding Schizophrenia Genetic Factors Lifetime risk, per 100 people, ag% Schizophrenia risk of developing increases with schizophrenia genetic closeness forrelatives of 39 Pte, a person with P schizophrenia 20 : i ! 0 = hil General _ Sibling Child Fraternal Child of two Identical population twin parents with — twin schizophrenia Relationship to person with schizophrenia docsity.com Understanding Schizophrenia Psychological Factors • Role of environment –Genes may predispose some people to schizophrenia but….. –Stress may trigger development docsity.com