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Cardiovascular System Nursing Overview
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During which action does the heart pump blood into both circulation loops? - ✔✔correctanswers✔✔✔Heart contraction From which intercostal spaces does the heart extend approximately? - ✔✔correctanswers✔✔✔2nd-5th Heart valves open primarily in response to what? - ✔✔correctanswers✔✔✔Pressure changes How does circulation often change in heart failure? - ✔✔correctanswers✔✔✔It becomes congested. How does resting pulse typically change during pregnancy? - ✔✔correctanswers✔✔✔Increases 10-15 bpm. How is a murmur best described? - ✔✔correctanswers✔✔✔Turbulent blood flow sound How is cardiac output calculated? - ✔✔correctanswers✔✔✔HR × SV How is cardiac output defined? - ✔✔correctanswers✔✔✔Blood pumped per minute How many chambers does the heart have? - ✔✔correctanswers✔✔✔ 4 Into which vessel does the left ventricle pump blood? - ✔✔correctanswers✔✔✔Aorta
What are the two continuous loops blood vessels are arranged in? - ✔✔correctanswers✔✔✔Pulmonary and systemic circulation What are the two primary components of the cardiovascular system? - ✔✔correctanswers✔✔✔Heart and blood vessels What combination represents the most common cardiovascular disease risk factors? - ✔✔correctanswers✔✔✔Smoking, hypertension, diabetes. What condition commonly causes murmurs? - ✔✔correctanswers✔✔✔All of the above What do older adults often experience in terms of systolic BP? - ✔✔correctanswers✔✔✔Increased systolic BP. What does a bruit indicate? - ✔✔correctanswers✔✔✔Turbulent blood flow in an artery. What does a fixed split S2 indicate? - ✔✔correctanswers✔✔✔Atrial septal defect. What does a thrill indicate? - ✔✔correctanswers✔✔✔Turbulent blood flow. What does afterload refer to? - ✔✔correctanswers✔✔✔Resistance the heart pumps against. What does congestive heart failure mean? - ✔✔correctanswers✔✔✔Heart cannot meet metabolic needs. What does jugular vein assessment provide information about? - ✔✔correctanswers✔✔✔Right heart function. What does orthopnea refer to? - ✔✔correctanswers✔✔✔Difficulty breathing when lying flat. What does preload refer to? - ✔✔correctanswers✔✔✔Ventricular stretch before contraction. What does S1 mark the beginning of? - ✔✔correctanswers✔✔✔Systole What does S4 often indicate? - ✔✔correctanswers✔✔✔Diastolic heart failure What does the carotid artery pulse correlate with? - ✔✔correctanswers✔✔✔Ventricular systole. What does the Frank-Starling law state about stretch and contraction strength? - ✔✔correctanswers✔✔✔The more stretch, the stronger the contraction.
What structure separates the right and left sides of the heart? - ✔✔correctanswers✔✔✔Septum What symptoms may women present with during a myocardial infarction? - ✔✔correctanswers✔✔✔Flu-like symptoms. When does a third heart sound (S3) occur? - ✔✔correctanswers✔✔✔After S When does angina occur? - ✔✔correctanswers✔✔✔When blood supply to heart cannot meet oxygen demand. When does myocardial infarction occur? - ✔✔correctanswers✔✔✔When blood supply to heart muscle is cut off. When does S4 occur? - ✔✔correctanswers✔✔✔Before S When does the S1 heart sound occur? - ✔✔correctanswers✔✔✔When AV valves close When palpating carotid arteries, how should they be palpated? - ✔✔correctanswers✔✔✔One at a time. Where are the heart and great vessels located? - ✔✔correctanswers✔✔✔Mediastinum Where does blood returning from the lungs enter? - ✔✔correctanswers✔✔✔Left atrium Where does the electrical impulse travel from the SA node? - ✔✔correctanswers✔✔✔AV node Where does the right ventricle primarily pump blood to? - ✔✔correctanswers✔✔✔Lungs Where is S2 normally loudest? - ✔✔correctanswers✔✔✔Base of the heart Where is the apical pulse located? - ✔✔correctanswers✔✔✔5th ICS midclavicular line. Where is the carotid pulse located? - ✔✔correctanswers✔✔✔Between the trachea and sternomastoid muscle. Where is the mitral valve best heard? - ✔✔correctanswers✔✔✔At the apex. Where is the pulmonic valve area located? - ✔✔correctanswers✔✔✔2nd left intercostal space. Which chambers are the main pumping chambers of the heart? - ✔✔correctanswers✔✔✔Ventricles
Which direction does the apex of the heart normally point? - ✔✔correctanswers✔✔✔Down and left Which finding suggests poor cardiac output? - ✔✔correctanswers✔✔✔Tachycardia. Which heart chambers function primarily as reservoirs that hold blood? - ✔✔correctanswers✔✔✔Atria Which lifestyle factor increases cardiovascular disease risk? - ✔✔correctanswers✔✔✔Physical inactivity. Which risk factor is modifiable for cardiovascular disease? - ✔✔correctanswers✔✔✔Smoking. Which structure initiates the electrical impulse in the heart? - ✔✔correctanswers✔✔✔SA node Which symptom may appear weeks before a myocardial infarction in women? - ✔✔correctanswers✔✔✔Flu-like symptoms. Which valve area is auscultated at the 2nd right intercostal space? - ✔✔correctanswers✔✔✔Aortic. Which valve separates the left atrium and left ventricle? - ✔✔correctanswers✔✔✔Mitral valve Which valve separates the right atrium and right ventricle? - ✔✔correctanswers✔✔✔Tricuspid valve Which valves are classified as semilunar valves? - ✔✔correctanswers✔✔✔Aortic and pulmonic Why does diastole last longer than systole? - ✔✔correctanswers✔✔✔The heart requires longer filling time