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Devolution

By Alina, Hristyan, Rasiga, Thorolf, Viktoria,

Vincent

• Introduction to Devolution
• Historical Background
• Devolved Governments
• Impact on Governance
• Challenges and Controversies
• Future Perspectives Overview

• 1535-1542 => Laws in Wales Acts integrated Wales into England
• 1880-1921 => Rise of political devolution movements
• 1940/50 => Parliament for Wales campaign reignited devolution discussions
• 1960s => Creation of Secretary of State for Wales and Welsh Office
• 1970s => Failed referendum on devolution despite increasing support Historical Background

• 1997-1998 => Successful referendum led to the creation of the National Assembly for Wales
• 2007 => Empowerment of the Assembly trough the Government of Wales Act 2006
• 2011-2014 => Extension of primary law-making powers and recommendations from the Silk Comission
• 2018 => Introduction of devolved Welsh taxes
• 2020 => Recognition of the Senedd as a fully-fledged parliament Historical Background

• National Assembly for Wales, now known as the Welsh Parliament
• Location: Cardiff
• Members called Members of the Senedd (MS)
• Electoral system: Mixed member proportional representation
• Limited tax-raising powers, up to 10 pence in the pound
• Welsh Government led by the First Minister
• Responsibilities include implementing policies and delivering services in devolved areas such as education, health, and economic development.

Wales

Devolved Goverments

• Devolved government: Northern Ireland Assembly (NIA)
• Location: Stormont, Belfast
• Power-sharing executive
• Comprised of representatives from both unionist and nationalist communities
• Some matters reserved to the UK Parliament, especially related to national security and certain aspects of economic policy
• Northern Ireland Executive, led jointly by the First Minister and the Deputy First Minister
• Responsible for governing Northern Ireland, including implementing policies and delivering public services in devolved areas.

Nothern Ireland

Devolved Goverments

• Scotland:
• Scottish Parliament: legislative and tax-raising powers.
• Responsibilities: health, education, justice.
• Wales:
• Welsh Parliament: gaining more powers gradually.
• Focus areas: environment, transport, economic development. Impact on Governance

• Northern Ireland:
• Northern Ireland Assembly: oversees health, education, social services.
• UK government retains defense, foreign affairs responsibility. Impact on Governance

• Increased Regional Autonomy: Technology facilitates efficient local governance, prompting further devolution.
• Fragmentation: Strong cultural or ethnic identities drive movements for secession, leading to nation fragmentation.
• Globalization vs. Localization: Tension between globalization and local identity intensifies, influencing devolution.
• Technological Sovereignty: Nations assert control over data and digital governance, possibly devolving power to regions. Future Perspectives

• Climate Change Adaptation: Regions demand autonomy to enact tailored environmental policies.
• Economic Disparities: Economic gaps fuel demands for resource control and decision-making autonomy.
• Conflict and Fragmentation: Devolution exacerbates historical grievances, potentially leading to instability.
• Supranational Governance: Balance between regional autonomy and centralized authority amid global challenges. Future Perspectives