Medical surgical two, Zusammenfassungen von Rechtskunde

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Nursing care of patients

with integumentary system

(skin) disorders

Learning objectives

On completion of this chapter, the learner will be able to: Identify the structures and functions of the skin. Differentiate the composition and function of each skin layer: epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue. Describe common skin disorders and their management methods

FUNCTIONS OF THE SKIN

 Protection  Sensation  Fluid Balance  Temperature Regulation  Vitamin Production (V - D)  Identity

Skin Disorders

 Folliculitis commonly affects the beard area of men who shave and women’s legs. Other areas include the axillae, trunk, and buttocks.

 Chronic folliculitis is common on the buttocks of both men and women.

Sign and symptom

 Single or multiple papules or pustules appear close to the hair follicles.

Management

• The effective treatment is to avoid shaving.
• Cleaning with antibacterial soap or use topical antibiotic ointment.
• Laser hair removal may be the best treatment option.
• Systemic antibiotics for recurrent cases.
• Warm compress to relieve pain.

B. Furuncles /Boils/

• A furuncle (i.e. boil) is an acute , localized inflammation arising deep in one or more hair follicles and spreading into the surrounding dermis.

• Common micro- organisme: staphylococcus aureus

• Commonly associated with diabetes, poor habits of personal hygiene,immunosuppres sion,alcoholism, obese, malnourished, HIV, …

 Furuncles are more prevalent in areas subjected to irritation, pressure, friction, and excessive perspiration, such as axillae, buttocks, face, thighs, perineum, breasts, genitallia …

 Rarely, the infection can get into the bloodstream, leading to serious illness.

Sign and symptom

 It may start as a small, red, raised, painful pimple.

Diagnosis

• Gram stain of the pus
• Culture and sensitivity test of pus Management
• Warm compress to sooth and hasten maturation and drainage of the lesion.

• Warn patient not to squeeze or incise the lesion.
• Incision and drainage when it is fluctuant.
• Systemic antibiotics (Cloxacillin, erythromycin, etc…)
• Rest especially for genital areas.
• For severe pain codeine, morphine.