Identifying text types
In lessons and exams you will often be asked to analyze texts. Start by identifying the text type,
then proceed to analyzing the text systematically.
Basically there are two types of texts: fictional texts (i.e. literary texts) and non-fictional texts
(Sachtexte). However, a text may also contain elements of several different text types.
Step 1:
Skim the text or a section of it to get a general idea of its content. Sum up in one or two
sentences what the text is about. Try to find out where and when it was published.
The text talks about the real world, expresses
the writer’s personal opinions, criticizes
something or tries to persuade its readers of
something.
→ non-fictional text
The text shows a world that was created in
the mind of the author. The setting, the
characters and the events that happen in it
may or may not seem realistic.
→ fictional text
Step 2:
Examine the text more closely. Look at…
the content and its purpose: is the text meant to inform, persuade, entertain…?
the style or tone of the text: is the language formal or informal, simple or complex?
Use the table below to identify the text type.
Non
-
fictional texts
Fictional texts
Text type and examples
Content and pu
rpose
Text type and examples
Contents and purpose
Expository texts
feature story, news story,
summary, etc.
comprehensive and
detailed information
no personal opinion
Poetry
ballad, sonnet, shape
poems, etc.
expresses an insight into
some aspect of life,
usually through the use
of rhyme, rhythm and
imagery
Descriptive texts
travel book, biography,
etc.
description of actual
places, objects, events,
people
contains the writer’s
observations and
impressions
Drama
comedy, tragedy, etc.
creates a plot through
dialogue and/or
monologues
Argumentative texts
editorial, letter to the
editor, review, speech,
etc.
discussion of problems
and controversial ideas
opinions, the pros and
cons of an issue
clear line of argument
Narrative prose
novel, short story, etc.
tells a story from a
certain perspective
(narrative point of view)
Persuasive texts
speech, advertisement,
etc.
use of stylistic devices
to persuade or
convince the reader
