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Особистий кабінет // Тести з бази Крок-1 англійською мовою Каталог курсів / Патофізіології / Патофізіологія МЕДИЦИНА 2023-
Розпо Счаттаон вівторок 4 червня 2024 17:27Завершено Витра^ Зачвеернош чеасуно^ вівторок 4 червня 2024 17:277 сек Оцінка 0,00 з можливих 50,00 ( 0 %) A 5-year-old child is diagnosed with Bruton syndrome (X-linked agammaglobulinemia) that manifests itself as severe clinical course ofbacterial infection and absence of B-lymphocytes and plasma cells. What changes of immunoglobulin content can be observed in blood serum of the child with immunodeficiency? a. b. Increased IgA, IgMDecreased IgA, IgM c. d. Decreased IgD, IgEIncreased IgD, IgE e. No changes Правильна відповідь: Decreased IgA, IgM A patient complains about dyspnea provoked by the physical activity. Clinical examination revealed anemia and presence of theparaprotein in the zone of gamma-globulins. To confirm the myeloma diagnosis, it is necessary to determine the following index in the patient’s urine: a. b. Bence Jones proteinBilirubin c. d. CeruloplasminAntitrypsin e. Haemoglobin Правильна відповідь: Bence Jones protein An experimental rat with extremity paralysis has no tendon and cutaneous reaffected extremity maintain their ability to react with excitation to the direct action of continious current. What type of paralysis is it?flexes, muscle tone is decreased, but muscles of the a. b. Flaccid peripheralSpastic central c. d. Spastic peripheralExtrapyramidal e. Flaccid central Правильна відповідь: Flaccid peripheral
A 56-year-old patient came to a hospital with complaints about general weakness, tongue pain and burning, sensation of limbnumbness. In the past he underwent resection of forestomach. In blood: Hb - 80 g/l; erythrocytes - 2, 0·1012/l; colour index - 1,2, leukocytes - 3, 5 109/l. What anemia type is it? a. b. HemolyticIron-deficient c. d. B12-folate dePosthemorrhagicficient e. Aplastic Правильна відповідь: B12-folate deficient
A 15-year-old girl has pale skin, glossitis, gingivitis. Blood count: erythrocytes - 3,3 x1012/l, hemoglobin - 70 g/l, color index - 0,5.Examination of blood smear revealed hypochromia, microcytosis, poikilocytosis. What type of anemia is it? a. b. Iron-deSickle-cellficient c. d. B12-folic acid-deHemolytic ficient e. Thalassemia Правильна відповідь: Iron-deficient
A patient visited a dentist to extract a tooth. After the tooth had been extracted, bleeding from the tooth socket continued for 15minutes. Anamnesis states that the patient suffers from active hepatitis. What phenomenon can extend the time of hemorrhage? a. b. Decrease inHypocalcemia fibrinogen content in bloods c. d. Increased activity of anticoagulation systemDecrease in albumin content in blood e. Thrombocytopenia Правильна відповідь: Decrease in fibrinogen content in bloods
Increase in pulse rate, respiratory rate, and Increase in BP were noticed on the height of 1000 m above the sea in a 25-year-old woman,coming for holyday in the mountainous resort. In some time, all those symptoms disappeared. Which process was noticed in a woman? a. b. StressCompensation c. d. ParabiosisDecompensation e. Adaptation Правильна відповідь: Adaptation
A 30-year-old woman developed the signs of virilism (body hair growth, balding temples, disturbed menstrual cycle). What hormone cancause this condition when hyperproduced? a. b. OxytocinRelaxinabsen c. d. TestosteroneEstriol e. Prolactin Правильна відповідь: Testosterone
A concentrated solution of sodium chloride was intravenously injected to an animal. This caused decreased reabsorption of sodiumions in the renal tubules. It is the result of the following changes of hormonal secretion: a. b. Aldosterone reductionReduction of atrial natriuretic factor c. d. Vasopressin increaseAldosterone increase e. Vasopressin reduction Правильна відповідь: Aldosterone reduction
Examination of a patient admitted to the surgical department with symptoms of acute appendicitis revealed the following changes inthe white blood cells: the total count of leukocytes is 16x109/l. Leukocyte formula: basophils - 0, eosinophils - 2%, juvenile forms - 2%, stab - 8%, segmentonuclear - 59%, lymphocytes - 25%, monocytes - 4%. The described changes can be classified as: a. b. Neutrophilia with regenerative left shiftNeutrophilia with right shift c. d. Neutrophilia with hyperregenerative left shiftNeutrophilia with degenerative left shift e. Neutrophilic leukemoid reaction Правильна відповідь: Neutrophilia with regenerative left shift
Protective function of saliva is based on several mechanisms, including the presence of enzyme that has bactericidal action andcauses lysis of complex capsular polysaccharides of staphylococci and streptococci. Name this enzyme: a. b. Beta-glucuronidaseAlpha-amylase c. d. CollagenaseOligo-l,6-glucosidase e. Lysozyme Правильна відповідь: Lysozyme
A 39-years-old patient has been suffering from gastric ulcer for last 4 years. Pain in epigastric region, heartburn, nausea, andconstipation appear mainly in autumn and spring. Name this condition. a. b. Pathologic condition- c. d. RemissionComplication e. Relapse Правильна відповідь: Relapse
A man has suffered multiple bone fractures of his lower extremities during a tracondition was further aggravated: blood pressure decreased, there were signs of pulmonary artery embolism. What kind of embolism isffic accident. During transportation to a hospital his the most likely in the given case? a. b. Tissue embolismGas embolism c. d. Fat embolismThromboembolism e. Air embolism Правильна відповідь: Fat embolism
A 45-year-old woman gave birth to a boy with cleft maxilla (cleft lip and palate). On additional examination there are signidisturbances of the boy’s nervous, cardiovascular and visual systems. Karyotype investigation allowed diagnosing the patient withficant trisomy 13. What syndrome is present in boy? a. b. KlinefelterPatau c. d. Di GeorgeTurner e. Down Правильна відповідь: Patau
Lung cancer developed at the patient who smoked tobacco for a long time. What of the carcinogens contained in tobacco smoke andconcern to PAH? a. b. DiethylnitrozaminBenzpiren c. d. Ortoaminoazotoluolβ- naphthylamin e. Dymethylaminoazobenzol Правильна відповідь: Benzpiren
A patient suffering from pheochromocytoma complains of thirst, dry mouth, hunger. Blood test for sugar revealed hyperglycemia. Whattype of hyperglycemia is it? a. b. HypoinsulinemicAlimentary c. d. SomatotropicHypercorticoid e. Adrenal Правильна відповідь: Adrenal
A child with a history of frequent tonsillitis and pharyngitis has been diagnosed with lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly. Hisappearance is characterized by pastosity and paleness, muscular tissue is poorly developed. Lymphocytosis is present. What kind of diathesis is it? a. b. Exudative diathesisHemorrhagic diathesis c. d. Asthenic diathesisGouty diathesis e. Lymphohypoplastic diathesis Правильна відповідь: Lymphohypoplastic diathesis
Autopsy has revealed shrunken kidneys weighing 50 mg, withinvestigation has shown the thickening of arteriole walls due to accumulation of homogeneous pink- colored masses in them. fine grained surface and uniformly thinned substance. Microscopic Glomeruli were undersized, sclerotic, with atrophied tubules. What disease are these changes characteristic of? a. b. Renal amyloidosisAcute glomerulonephritis c. d. Essential hypertensionMembranous nephropathy e. Pyelonephritis with kidney shrinkage Правильна відповідь: Essential hypertension
A 40-year-old woman was diagnosed with glomerulonephritis based on her clinical symptoms and the results of urine analysis.Anamnesis states chronic tonsillitis. What microorganisms are the most likely cause for the kidney damage in this case? a. b. MeningococciEscherichia c. d. StreptococciMycoplasma e. Staphylococci Правильна відповідь: Streptococci
Acute general disorders are observed at long-term action of environmental high temperature on the organism. What is the base of thisphenomenon? a. b. HypoxiaIntoxication c. d. Cardiac insuDehydrationfficiency e. Increase in body temperature Правильна відповідь: Dehydration
A patient presents with icterus of skin, sclera and mucous membranes. Blood plasma the total bilirubin is increased, stercobilin isincreased in feces, urobilin is increased in urine. What type of jaundice is it? a. b. HaemolyticParenchymatous c. d. Gilbert’s diseaseObturational e. Cholestatic Правильна відповідь: Haemolytic
A 2 y.o. child has convulsions as a result of lowered concentration of calcium ions in blood plasma. It is caused by reduced function of: a. b. ThymusPineal gland c. d. Parathyroid glandsHypophysis e. Adrenal cortex Правильна відповідь: Parathyroid glands
A woman complains of visual impairment. Examination revealed obesity in the patient and her fasting plasma glucose level ishyperglycemic. What diabetes complication can cause visual impairment/blindness? a. b. AtherosclerosisGlomerulopathy c. d. MacroangiopathyMicroangiopathy e. Neuropathy Правильна відповідь: Microangiopathy
Continious taking of a drug can result in osteoporosis, erosion of stomach mucous membrane, hypokaliemia, retention of sodium andwater, reduced content of corticotropin in blood. Name this drug: a. b. HydrochlorothiazideReserpine c. d. PrednisoloneIndometacin e. Digoxin Правильна відповідь: Prednisolone
In an experiment a part of the brain of an animal has been removed. As a result, asynergia, atonia, and dysmetria developed. What partof the brain was removed? a. b. Reticular formationCerebeIlum c. d. MesencephalonFrontal part e. Parietal part Правильна відповідь: CerebeIlum
A 49-year-old man complains of pain in his metatarsophalangeal joints and joint deformation. In blood hyperuricemy can be observed.X-ray has revealed metatarsophalangeal joint space narrowing, erosion, periarticular calcification of the both joints, osteoporosis. Microscopy has revealed inmetatarsophalangeal joint. Choose the most likely diagnosis:flammatory granulomatous reaction surrounding necrotizing masses in the area of the first a. b. Rheumatoid arthritisHyperparathyroidism c. d. Pyrophosphate arthropathyUrolithiasis e. Gout Правильна відповідь: Gout
During a prophylactic medical examination, a 7-year-old boy was diagnosed with daltonism. His parents are healthy and have normalcolor vision, but his grandfather on his mother’s side has the same abnormality. What is the type of the abnormality inheritance? a. b. Autosomal dominantSemidominance c. d. Autosomal recessiveRecessive, sex-linked e. Dominant, sex-linked Правильна відповідь: Recessive, sex-linked
Patients with bile ducts obstruction suffer from inhibition of blood coagulation, bleedings as a result of low level of vitaminassimilation. What vitamin is deficient? a. b. АD c. d. ЕК
Правильна відповідь: К
A 48-year-old is unconscious. He has a history of several syncopal episodes with convulsions. ECG shows deformed QRS complexesunconnected with P waves, atrial contraction are approximately 70/min, ventricular contractions – 25- 30/min. Name the type of arrhythmia in this case: a. b. Complete atrioventricular blockIntra-atrial block c. d. Second-degree atrioventricular blockFirst-degree atrioventricular block e. Intraventricular block Правильна відповідь: Complete atrioventricular block
A 68-year-old woman cannot move her upper and lower right extremities after stroke. Muscle tone of these extremities and reincreased. There are pathological reflexes. What form of the paralysis is it? flexes are a. b. TetraplegiaHemiplegia c. d. ParaplegiaDissociation e. Monoplegia Правильна відповідь: Hemiplegia
A 30-year-old man with diabetes mellitus type I was hospitalized. The patient is comatose. Laboratory tests revealed hyperglycemia andketonemia. What metabolic disorder can be detected in this patient? a. b. Respiratory alkalosisMetabolic acidosis c. d. Metabolic alkalosisRespiratory acidosis e. Normal acid-base balance Правильна відповідь: Metabolic acidosis
A patient has been diagnosed with in80/50 mm Hg, Ps is 140/m, body temperature dropped down to 35,8oC. What complication developed in this patient?fluenza. His condition drastically worsened after taking antipyretic drugs. He is unconscious, AP is a. b. CollapseHyperthermia c. d. AcidosisAlkalosis e. Hypovolemia Правильна відповідь: Collapse
A 52-year-old man presents with fever and pain in the joints. Both of hisand reddened. Blood urea is high. The patient is diagnosed with gout. What is the main developmental factor in the pathogenesis of this first metatarsophalangeal articulations are deformed, swollen disease? a. b. CitrullinuriaHyperaminoacidemia c. d. HyperazotemiaHyperuricemia e. Argininosuccinic aciduria Правильна відповідь: Hyperuricemia
12 hours after an acute attack of retrosternal pain a patient presented an Increase in aspartate aminotransferase activity in bloodserum. What pathology is this deviation typical for? a. b. Diabetes mellitusMyocardium infarction c. d. CollagenosisDiabetes insipidus e. Viral hepatitis Правильна відповідь: Myocardium infarction
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Особистий кабінет // Тести з бази Крок-1 англійською мовою Каталог курсів / Патофізіології / Патофізіологія МЕДИЦИНА 2023-
Розпо Счаттаон вівторок 4 червня 2024 17:27Завершено Витра^ Зачвеернош чеасуно^ вівторок 4 червня 2024 17:2710 сек Оцінка 0,00 з можливих 50,00 ( 0 %) A child has an acute renal failure. What biochemical factor found in saliva can confirm this diagnosis? a. b. Increase in urea concentrationDecrease in glucose concentration c. d. Increase in glucose concentrationIncrease in concentration of higher fatty acids e. Decrease in nucleic acid concentration Правильна відповідь: Increase in urea concentration A 28-year-old patient with symptoms of acute appendicitis was admitted to the surgical department. Acute pains in his right epigastricarea and near the umbilicus were registered during palpation on examination. Schetkin-Blumberg symptom was positive. Which period of disease was observed in that patient? a. b. Final periodLatent period c. d. Period of manifestationPeriod of functional disorder e. Prodromal period Правильна відповідь: Period of manifestation A patient presents with icterus of skin, sclera and mucous membranes. Blood plasma the total bilirubin is increased, stercobilin isincreased in feces, urobilin is increased in urine. What type of jaundice is it? a. b. ObturationalHaemolytic c. d. CholestaticGilbert’s disease e. Parenchymatous Правильна відповідь: Haemolytic
Violation of safety rules resulted in calomel intoxication. Two days later the daily diuresis was 620 ml. A patient experienced headache,vomiting, convulsions, dyspnea, moist rales in lungs. What pathology is it? a. b. PyelonephritisGlomerulonephritis c. d. Chronic renal insuAcute renal insuffifficiencyciency e. Uremic coma Правильна відповідь: Acute renal insufficiency
A 12-year-old teenager has signicoma. What is the main mechanism of its development?ficantly put off weight within 3 months; glucose concentration rose up to 50 millimole/l. He fell into a a. b. HyperosmolarHypoxic c. d. LactacidemicKetonemic e. Hypoglycemic Правильна відповідь: Hyperosmolar
The secretion of which hypophysial hormones will be inhibited after taking the oral contraceptives containing sex hormones? a. b. Thyrotrophic hormoneOxytocin c. d. Gonadotropic hormoneVasopressin e. Somatotropic hormone Правильна відповідь: Gonadotropic hormone
A patient present with acute attack of cholelithiasis. Laboratory examination of the patient’s faces will show the following in this case: a. b. Negative reaction to stercobilinStarch granules c. d. Partially digested cellulosePositive reaction to stercobilin e. Connective tissue Правильна відповідь: Negative reaction to stercobilin
A patient is 44 years old. Laboratory examination of his blood revealed that content of proteins in plasma was 40 g/l. What inwill be exerted on the transcapillary water metabolism? fluence a. b. Filtration will be increased, reabsorption-decreasedBoth filtration and reabsorption will be decreased c. d. BothFiltration will be decreased, reabsorption- increased filtration and reabsorption will be increased e. Metabolism will stay unchanged Правильна відповідь: Filtration will be increased, reabsorption-decreased
A 49-year-old man complains of pain in his metatarsophalangeal joints and joint deformation. In blood hyperuricemy can be observed.X-ray has revealed metatarsophalangeal joint space narrowing, erosion, periarticular calcification of the both joints, osteoporosis. Microscopy has revealed inmetatarsophalangeal joint. Choose the most likely diagnosis:flammatory granulomatous reaction surrounding necrotizing masses in the area of the first a. b. Rheumatoid arthritisHyperparathyroidism c. d. GoutPyrophosphate arthropathy e. Urolithiasis Правильна відповідь: Gout
A 59-year-old woman has been hospitalized in a surgical ward due to exacerbation of chronic osteomyelitis of the left shin. Blood test:leukocytes - 15,0x109 /l. Leukogram: myelocytes - 0%, metamyelocytes - 8%, stab neutrophils - 28%, segmented neutrophils - 32%, lymphocytes - 29%, monocytes - 3%. Such blood count would be called: a. b. Hyperregenerative left shiftRegenerative left shift c. d. Right shiftRegenerative-degenerative left shift e. Degenerative left shift Правильна відповідь: Regenerative left shift
A patient with diabetes mellitus suffer from persistently nonhealing surgical wound, which is a sign of disrupted tissue trophism. Whatis the cause of such disorder? a. b. AnemiaIncreased lipid catabolism c. d. HypoglycemiaKetonemia e. Disruption of protein metabolism regulation Правильна відповідь: Disruption of protein metabolism regulation
Parents of a 5-year-old child report him to have frequent colds that develop into pneumonias, presence of purulent rashes on the skin.Laboratory tests have revealed the following: absence of immunoglobulins of any type; naked cells are absent from the lymph nodes punctate. What kind of immune disorder is it? a. b. X-linked hypogammaglobulinemia (Bruton type agammaglobulinemia)Autosomal recessive agammaglobulinaemia (Swiss type) c. d. Louis-Barr syndromeAgranulocytosis e. Hypoplastic anemia Правильна відповідь: X-linked hypogammaglobulinemia (Bruton type agammaglobulinemia)
Lung cancer developed at the patient who smoked tobacco for a long time. What of the carcinogens contained in tobacco smoke andconcern to PAH? a. b. DiethylnitrozaminOrtoaminoazotoluol c. d. β- naphthylaminBenzpiren e. Dymethylaminoazobenzol Правильна відповідь: Benzpiren
A patient has been admitted to the contagious isolation ward with signs of jaundice caused by hepatitis virus. Which of the symptomsgiven below is strictly specific for hepatocellular jaundice? a. b. CholemiaUrobilinuria c. d. Increase in ALT, AST levelHyperbilirubinemia e. Bilirubinuria Правильна відповідь: Increase in ALT, AST level
A student failed to answer all the questions of examination paper correctly. As a result, he blushed, felt hot and lost contype of arterial hyperemia has developed in this case? fidence. What a. b. Neurotonic hyperemiaNeuroparalytic hyperemia c. d. Postishemic hyperemiaPathologic hyperemia e. Metabolic hyperemia Правильна відповідь: Neurotonic hyperemia
A woman who was infected with toxoplasmosis during the pregnancy has a child with multiple congenital defects. This is a result of: a. b. Chemical mutogenesisRecombination c. d. TeratogenesisBiological mutogenesis e. Cancerogenesis Правильна відповідь: Teratogenesis
Encephalopathy has developed in a child with hemolytic disease of the newborn. What substance had increased in the child’s blood,resulting in damage to the CNS? a. b. Unconjugated bilirubinVerdohemoglobin c. d. Bile acidsBilirubin-albumin complex e. Bilirubin glucuronide Правильна відповідь: Unconjugated bilirubin
A patient visited a dentist to extract a tooth. After the tooth had been extracted, bleeding from the tooth socket continued for 15minutes. Anamnesis states that the patient suffers from active hepatitis. What phenomenon can extend the time of hemorrhage? a. b. Decrease inHypocalcemia fibrinogen content in bloods c. d. ThrombocytopeniaDecrease in albumin content in blood e. Increased activity of anticoagulation system Правильна відповідь: Decrease in fibrinogen content in bloods
A 12-year-old patient was found to have blood serum cholesterol at the rate of 25 mmol/l. The boy has a history of hereditary familialhypercholesterolemia, which is caused by the impaired synthesis of the following protein receptors: a. b. Very low density lipoproteinsIntermediate density lipoproteins c. d. High density lipoproteinsLow density lipoproteins e. Chylomicrons Правильна відповідь: Low density lipoproteins
