Anatomy & Physiology Test Bank Chapter 3 examination test with correct marking scheme, Exams of Biology

Download Anatomy & Physiology Test Bank Chapter 3 examination test with correct marking scheme and more Exams Biology in PDF only on Docsity! Anatomy & Physiology Test Bank Chapter 3 examination test with correct marking scheme o About how many cells constitute the body of an adult?  50 to 100 million  50 to 100 billion  50 to 100 trillion  50 to 100 quadrillion - Correct answer C o The body is made up of many different cell types, from small circular red blood cells to the elongated smooth muscle cells 20X its size. Why is there such variation in size and shape?  Different cell sizes are due to nutritional differences.  Different variations in size and shape allow differentiated cell types to perform unique functions.  Variations in cell shape and size are due to chromosomal differences between cells.  Cell size and shape does not vary among cell types. - Correct answer B o The three major parts of a cell are  the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and vesicles.  the nucleus, nucleolus, and nuclear envelope.  microtubules, ribosomes, and centrosomes.  the nucleus, cytoplasm, and cell membrane. - Correct answer D o A cell is surrounded by an extremely thin, flexible membrane. Why is the membrane selectively permeable?  It allows all substances to pass through, making it easier to absorb nutrients.  It allows all organic substances to pass through, but excludes all inorganic substances that could be harmful.  It allows some substances to pass through and excludes others based on size, polarity, and other factors.  It does not allow any substances to pass through as they could damage the cell. - Correct answer C o Cell membranes are described as a fluid mosaic that maintains stability while still allowing movement. What component maintains most of the flexibility of the membrane?  Phospholipid bilayer  Integral proteins  Polysaccharides  Carbohydrates - Correct answer A o The major components of the cell membrane are  lipids and carbohydrates.  proteins and carbohydrates.  lipids and proteins.  carbohydrates and polysaccharides. - Correct answer C o Which of the following correctly describes the structural organization of the cell membrane?  A solid, rigid layer of phospholipid with loosely bound protein molecules  A bilayer of phospholipid molecules in which protein molecules are embedded and can move  Rigid layers of protein molecules in which carbohydrate molecules are suspended  Three layers; lipid on the inside, protein in the middle, and carbohydrates (and polysaccharides) on the outside - Correct answer B o A protein that spans the cell membrane is termed a(n)  receptor protein.  integral protein.  peripheral protein.  anchoring protein. - Correct answer B o Cellular adhesion molecules are  peripheral proteins. nonmembranous structure that synthesizes proteins - Correct answer A o The sequence of organelles and cell parts involved in milk secretion is  cell membrane, vesicles, Golgi apparatus, endoplasmic reticulum, nucleus.  nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, vesicles, cell membrane.  nucleus, nucleolus, nuclear envelope, cell membrane.  vesicles, Golgi apparatus, mitochondrion, cell membrane. - Correct answer B o ATP is used to power many cellular processes. Some genetic disorders are the result of defects in ATP creation. Which organelle is likely affected in these disorders?  Mitochondrion  Ribosome  Peroxisome  Golgi apparatus - Correct answer A o The main function of cristae in mitochondria is to  supply enzymes for reactions.  increase chemical transport in mitochondria.  facilitate diffusion of substances into the mitochondria.  increase the surface area for chemical reactions. - Correct answer D o When there is a surplus of dietary carbohydrates, they are converted to lipids through lipogenesis. Where are they synthesized?  Golgi apparatus  Smooth endoplasmic reticulum  Rough endoplasmic reticulum  Mitochondria - Correct answer B o Cytoskeletal structures that are not found in all cell types are  microtubules.  microfilaments.  myofibrils.  intermediate filaments. - Correct answer D o During cell division, the chromosomes did not separate properly. This likely means that the centrioles failed to attach to what structure?  Centrosome  Cilia  Nucleus  Microtubules - Correct answer A o DNA molecules are in the nucleus  as free molecules.  complexed with protein, forming chromatin fibers.  complexed with protein, forming nucleoli.  complexed with protein on the nuclear envelope. - Correct answer B o The nucleolus contains  DNA only.  RNA and protein.  DNA and protein.  RNA only. - Correct answer B o The function of the nucleus is to  direct the activities of the cell.  form mitochondria.  transfer energy.  provide cell shape. - Correct answer A o Which organelle contains the nucleolus? A) The mitochondrion  B) The endoplasmic reticulum  C) The Golgi apparatus  D) The nucleus - Correct answer D  28) Which of following does not influence the rate of molecular movement?  Distance  The concentration of the substance  The amount of energy available for transport molecules  The molecular weight of the diffusing molecules - Correct answer C  29) Salt is placed in a glass of water. Slowly the salt begins to even out in concentration due to what factor?  Distance gradient  Distance vector  Concentration vector  Concentration gradient - Correct answer D  30) What characteristic do simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion share?  Both require cellular energy for the transport of substances.  Both move water across a semipermeable membrane.  Both require a special carrier molecule to move substances across the membrane.  Both move a substance from a region of higher concentration to one of lower concentration without using cellular energy. - Correct answer D  31) If the concentration of glucose in the water outside of a cell is higher than the concentration inside,  water will enter the cell by osmosis.  water will leave the cell by osmosis.  glucose will enter the cell by osmosis.  glucose will leave the cell by osmosis. - Correct answer B  32) If a red blood cell is placed in a hypotonic solution,  the cell will shrink.  only permeable substances will leave; but concentrations in the cell do not change.  the cell will remain the same size and shape.  the cell will swell and may eventually burst. - Correct answer D  33) Red blood cells are placed in a solution of 0.9% NaCl and no diffusion or osmosis is observed. This means that the solution is ________.  a particle enters a cell by moving down its concentration gradient.  a cell membrane engulfs droplets.  a carrier molecule moves a substance across a cell membrane using ATP. - Correct answer A  43) Following the nomenclature for cells, what type of cells take in solid particles like bacteria?  Phagozyme  Phagase  Phagocyte  Phagosome - Correct answer C  44) Molecules bind to receptor sites and are enclosed in vesicles in the process of  pinocytosis.  phagocytosis.  receptor-mediated endocytosis.  exocytosis. - Correct answer C  45) Chloride ions follow the concentration gradient, but require a membrane protein for passage. Which transport method is occurring?  Diffusion  Active transport  Pinocytosis  Facilitated diffusion - Correct answer D  46) Chromosomes duplicate during  prophase.  interphase.  metaphase.  telophase. - Correct answer B  47) Stages of the cell cycle unfold in the following order:  differentiation, cytoplasmic division, mitosis, interphase.  interphase, differentiation, cytoplasmic division, mitosis.  interphase, mitosis, cytoplasmic division, differentiation.  mitosis, interphase, cytoplasmic division, differentiation. - Correct answer C  48) Which stages have double the amount of chromosomal DNA compared to stage G1?  G2  Prophase  Metaphase  Apoptosis - Correct answer C  49) Centromeres of replicated chromosomes separate during mitotic  prophase.  metaphase.  anaphase.  telophase. - Correct answer C  50) As a cell grows,  the relationship between its surface area and volume remains unchanged.  its surface area increases to a lesser degree than its volume.  its volume increases to a lesser degree than its surface area.  its requirement for nutrients increases to a lesser degree than its requirement for oxygen. - Correct answer B  51) If a human cell has 23 chromosomes, it likely just finished  mitosis.  meiosis.  cytokinesis.  osmosis. - Correct answer B  52) The average number of divisions that a human cell cultured in a dish can undergo is A) 10-20.  B) 30-40.  C) 40-60.  D) 60-100. - Correct answer C  53) The structures in the nucleus that serve as a "mitotic clock" are  telomeres.  kinases.  ribosomes.  hormones. - Correct answer A  54) Tara discovers a rapidly growing lump that doubles in size over a month. A doctor does a biopsy and discovers it's a form of cancer, which can result if  mitosis is too infrequent.  mitosis is too frequent.  the cell cycle stops.  the cell cycle runs backward. - Correct answer B  55) A researcher has been studying genes that result in abnormal cell growth and has linked them to cancer. What two types of genes is the researcher studying?  Kinases and cyclins  Oncosuppressors and tumor activators  Metastatic activators and apoptosis stimulators  Tumor suppressors and oncogenes - Correct answer D  56) The defining characteristic of a stem cell is  self-repair.  self-renewal.  the ability to turn into a cancer cell.  origin from a progenitor cell. - Correct answer B  57) Researchers in a lab are working with a form of stem cells that can divide and give rise to any cell type, allowing them to research development. This cell type is known as  pluripotent.  multipotent.  totipotent.  a differentiated cell. - Correct answer C  58) Bone cells and muscle cells differ in structure and function because  each expresses a different subset of genes.  each has different genes.  each has different chromosomes.  they express the same subset of genes. - Correct answer A  77) Microfilaments and microtubules are part of the cytoskeleton. - Correct answer TRUE  78) Chromatin consists of DNA and protein. - Correct answer TRUE  79) The nucleus is in the nucleolus. - Correct answer FALSE  80) Certain white blood cells take in bacterial cells by phagocytosis. - Correct answer TRUE  81) Filtration requires hydrostatic pressure. - Correct answer TRUE  82) Transcytosis combines diffusion and active transport. - Correct answer FALSE  83) During interphase, a cell rests. - Correct answer FALSE  84) Stages of the cell cycle in correct sequence are interphase, mitosis, cytoplasmic division, and differentiation. - Correct answer TRUE  85) Cell division consists of mitosis and cell differentiation. - Correct answer FALSE  86) During metaphase of mitosis, chromosomes first condense and become visible when stained and viewed under a microscope. - Correct answer FALSE  87) During anaphase of mitosis, centromeres separate and replicated chromosomes separate. - Correct answer TRUE  88) During telophase of mitosis, chromosomes elongate and form chromatin threads. - Correct answer TRUE  89) Abnormal rates of mitosis can lead to poor wound healing and delayed growth. - Correct answer TRUE  90) All cell types divide at the same rate. - Correct answer FALSE  91) All cell types can divide a limitless number of times. - Correct answer FALSE  92) A telomere is a type of hormone that controls the cell cycle. - Correct answer FALSE  93) Loss of cell cycle control can cause cancer. - Correct answer TRUE  94) The process by which cells specialize is called differentiation. - Correct answer TRUE  95) A stem cell divides to give rise to two differentiated cells. - Correct answer FALSE  96) Stem cells may be activated after an injury, helping to heal. - Correct answer TRUE  97) A nerve cell and a muscle cell have the same genes, but express different subsets of them. - Correct answer TRUE  98) Apoptosis is a slow version of mitosis. - Correct answer FALSE  99) Apoptosis begins with a cell receiving a signal to die. - Correct answer TRUE