BMS 300 Exam 1 Colorado State Exam With 100% Correct Answers 2024, Exams of Advanced Education

Download BMS 300 Exam 1 Colorado State Exam With 100% Correct Answers 2024 and more Exams Advanced Education in PDF only on Docsity! BMS 300 Exam 1 Colorado State Exam With 100% Correct Answers 2024 Electric Dipole Moment - Correct Answer-Neutral molecule with uneven charge distributions (partial charges) e.g. H2O Diffusion - Correct Answer-Movement of molecules from areas of high to low concentrations e.g. Volatile Perfume distributing through the air Osmosis - Correct Answer-Diffusion of WATER through a membrane e.g. Aquaporins (biological proteins) Hydrophilicity - Correct Answer-"Water Loving" e.g. Charged ions that interact with the Electric Dipole Moment in water. (Soluble) Hydrophobicity - Correct Answer-"Water Fearing" e.g. molecules with equal distribution of charge such as Triglycerides (Insoluble) Amphipathicity - Correct Answer-Both Water "Fearing and Loving" e.g. Phospholipids in water Glycerol - Correct Answer-3 Carbon Alcohol (OH) Triglycerides - Correct Answer-3 Fatty Acid Chains on Glycerol formed by Ester Bonds Ester Bond - Correct Answer-Created from Dehydration Synthesis to make a C-O-C bond in Triglycerides (Leaves Behind a Water Molecule) Dehydration Synthesis - Correct Answer-Carboxylic end of Fatty Acid Chain attaches to Glycerol to create an Ester Bond and Water Molecule Fatty Acids - Correct Answer-Saturated-Single bond Unsaturated-Double bond Phospholipid - Correct Answer-Remove a fatty acid chain and add a charged phosphate head group to make it Amphipathic Micelle - Correct Answer-Single layer of UNSTABLE phospholipids (Due to Dipole Moment) tRNA - Correct Answer-Transfers amino acids to respective codon of rRNA to make proteins Hydrophilic Pathway Channels - Correct Answer-Made of at least 4 alpha Helices to allow certain molecules to pass through the membrane. Central Dogma - Correct Answer-DNA provides a template for RNA to translate into protein Histone - Correct Answer-DNA binding protein to allow chromosomes to tightly wrap like a spool. Nuclear Pore - Correct Answer-Regulates Access to the cytoplasm Ribosomes - Correct Answer-"Protein Builders" that are free to live in the cytoplasm or are attached to the ER. 3 Proteins from Rough ER - Correct Answer-Secreted - Leaves the cell Lysosomal - creates lysosomes Transmembrane - on membrane Glycosylation - Correct Answer-Attaching sugars to proteins produce glycoproteins Golgi Apparatus - Correct Answer-Finalizes proteins by modifying 3D shape(Sent from ER to Golgi) Vesicle - Correct Answer-Small organelle that contains and transports materials within the cytoplasm. e.g. protein to the Golgi Microtubules - Correct Answer-Polymer of tubulin that assembles side to side with a negative end and positive end (Always assemble as 13 in a circle) Filamentous Actin - Correct Answer-Polymer of Globulin Actin (G-Actin) that can support vesicle transport Intermediate Filament protein - Correct Answer-polymers of small intermediate filament sub units Kinesin - Correct Answer-Molecular motor that turns chemical energy to kinetic (ATPase) Dynein - Correct Answer-(-) end directed motor on the microtubule (ATPase) ATPase - Correct Answer-Enzyme that releases energy stored in the terminal phosphate bonds of ATP molecules ATP->ADP + P_i Myosin - Correct Answer-Molecular motor for Actin (ATPase) that helps transport vesicles along the membrane DNA - Correct Answer-5 carbon sugar made up of bases (ATCG) that links together in a phospho-diester bond Purines - Correct Answer-Adenine and Guanine Bases that Pyrimidines - Correct Answer-Thymine and Cytosine Anti Codon - Correct Answer-3 bases on the tRNA that bind to the mRNA Stop Codon - Correct Answer-UAA, UAG, UGA codon that signals to ribosomes to stop translation Termination factor - Correct Answer-Protein that enters cytoplasm and the AA sequence is cut from the mRNA. SRP - Correct Answer-Signal Recognition Protein attaches to hydrophobic series of amino acids Tissue - Correct Answer-Group of similar cells performing a similar function. Epithelium, Muscle, Nerve, Connective Epithelium - Correct Answer-Sheet of cells that form lining that is continuous to the outside world Basal Lamina - Correct Answer-bottom side of the epithelium (Apical is top side) Stratified Epithelium - Correct Answer-Epidermis, multi- layered epithelial cells Integrin - Correct Answer-transmembrane protein that binds to extracellular proteins Hemidesmosome - Correct Answer-Anchors E cells to Basal Lamina Desmosome - Correct Answer-Symmetrical and holds the adjacent cells together Keratin - Correct Answer-Fibrous protein found in Epithelial Cells Cadherin - Correct Answer-A joining protein which spans the gap between Occluding junction, and desmosome junction Occluding Junction - Correct Answer-Block/dam spaces in between the epithelial cells Communicating Junction (Gap) - Correct Answer-provides a bridge between cells made out of proteins called connexons. formed with six in a circle, R groups face inward, Hydrophobic outside Glandular Epithelium - Correct Answer-Duct of cells in the layers of epithelial cells Carcinomas - Correct Answer-cancerous epithelial cells Connective tissue proper - Correct Answer-Made of Fibrocytes, which secrete extracellular matrix. e.g. Tendons, ligaments, Dermis. Cartilage - Correct Answer-Consists of Fibro, elastic, and Hyaline cartilage. They are proteins created by Chondrocytes Bone - Correct Answer-Mineralized as Calcium phosphate with extracellular Collagen. Created by osteocytes. Blood - Correct Answer-Hematopoietic stem cell embedded in protein matrix receptor will bind to the hormone. Specificity(Choosy) and Affinity(Stickiness) also play a role Dissociation Constant - Correct Answer-Kd- concentration at which half of receptors are bound. G-Protein Coupled Receptor - Correct Answer-7-pass transmembrane proteins that binds to GDP binding protien. Binds to the hormone with a receptor end on N-terminus. GDP binding protein - Correct Answer-Composed of Alpha, Beta, Gamma. when a signal is present it will change to GTP and alpha will be cleaved off. Adenylyl Cyclase - Correct Answer-will activate the GTP attached to alpha. Converts ATP to cyclic AMP (CAmP) CAmP - Correct Answer-Activates protein kinase A (PKA) Kinase - Correct Answer-Enzyme that covalently attaches PO4- to Amino Acids Hormone Functions - Correct Answer-1)effect exo/endocytosis 2)Alter enzyme activity 3)Alter ion channel activity 4)Alter gene expression/Protein synthesis Diacyl glycerol - Correct Answer-Activates protein Kinase Hydrophobic Hormones - Correct Answer-Steroid Hormones based on cholesterol. Estrogen, Testosterone, Cortisol, Vitamin D Carrier Protein - Correct Answer-Loosely bound to steroid hormones and is soluble in plasma, allows hormone to go through the membrane. Hormone Binding Domain - Correct Answer-Specific for the steroid hormone Nuclear Binding Access Domain - Correct Answer-binds to nucleus DNA Binding Domain - Correct Answer-Binds to DNA Transactivation Domain - Correct Answer-Initiates Transcription Hypothalamic Pituitary Axis - Correct Answer-Made of the hypothalamus, Posterior/Anterior Pituitary Portal Vasculature - Correct Answer-Between the Hypothalamus and Ant. Pituitary Systemic Vasculature - Correct Answer-Between Ant. Pituitary and Target Gland