CCPA 2300 FINAL EXAM questions with complete solutions, Exams of Nursing

Download CCPA 2300 FINAL EXAM questions with complete solutions and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! CCPA 2300 FINAL EXAM Preparation outline A full-sentence outline that is used to prepare the speech Includes: - Specific purpose - Intro - Body and sub-points (these are full sentences, one sentence per point) - Conclusion Speaking outline Your speech outline that uses only keywords and that you present with Includes: - Only short phrases/key words To be used as your notes Reminders: breathe, pause, look at audience 6 Ways to Show Appreciation for Your Child's Teacher Component parts of the introduction 1. Attention step 2. Thesis 3. Preview True or False: Most speeches have 3 Main Points, regardless of their required time length True Body: MP1, MP2, MP3 Each main point should be about the same length in time 4 types of informative speeches 1. Speeches about objects: describe something 2. Speeches about processes: demonstrate "how to..." 3. Speeches about events/experiences: historical (chronological order) 4. Speeches about concepts: theories, religions, interpretations, methods Persuasion The process of creating, reinforcing or changing people's beliefs and/or actions - the ability to speak/write persuasively will benefit you in every part of your life, both personally and professionally - Understanding the principles of persuasion is vital to being an informed citizen and consumer - Persuasion may allow you to defend and idea, sell a product, inspire others to act, etc. Ethics in persuasion - Make sure your goals are ethically sound and you can defend if questioned - Study the topic thoroughly so you don't lead your audience through low-quality/ineffective research - Learn about all sides of the issue, so you can best argue each point "It is not possible to bring about a truly beneficial result by using unethical methods" Martin Luther King - Views persuasion as a line going in both directions Question of policy in a persuasive speech Asks if something should or should not be done EX: Should student parking on campus be more accessible? Question of value Asks if something of right or wrong Source Credibility Who said it? Do they have... - Competence - Character Competence How an audience regards a speaker's intelligence, expertise, and knowledge of the subject Character How an audience regards a speaker's sincerity, trustworthiness, and concern for the audience's well- being Using evidence (research) in persuasive delivery Use supporting materials: - Examples - Statistics - Testimonies - Expert quotes Most audience members start skeptically. It's up to the speaker to earn trust by proving their info is correct This is especially important if you are not a known expert on the topic Being an expert in persuasive delivery Already having credibility Fallacy An error in logic that can lead to false conclusion - Can be particularly detrimental when attempting to persuade a critical audience Either Or Fallacy Sets up false alternatives to an argument, reducing options to only two choices - Suggests that if the solution in question is rejected, a negative alternative must be accepted EX: Either we ban fast food from school lunchrooms or all o this generation's children will suffer from health issues Bandwagon fallacy The speaker suggests that because many people favor an idea, you should too EX: Golden Goose sneakers are the only way to dress up a casual outfit Invalid Analogy fallacy A speaker concludes that what was true in one case is true in another, assuming two cases are alike EX: In Great Britain, the general election campaign for the prime minister lasts about a month. Surely we can do the same with the U.S. presidential election. Hasty generalization fallacy THE MOST COMMON FALLACY When a speaker jumps to a conclusion from too few causes of evidence - Quick assumptions-->easy to refute by the opposition's actual evidence Ex: "College dropouts make excellent business leaders. Just look at Mark Zuckerberg, Bill Gates, and Steve Jobs. They all dropped out and went on to create powerful companies." False Cause (post hoc) fallacy Mistakenly assumes one event causes another because they happened in that order EX: "Ice cream sales affect home burglaries" Emotional appeals An appeal to emotion is a way of convincing an audience of an argument but creating an emotional response - Logos, Pathos, Ethos: equilateral triangle - A speaker must first have logos (logic) when using an emotional appeal Most common emotions evoked by persuasive speakers: fear, compassion, pride, anger, guilt, reverence Vincent Van Gogh - Pauses can...signal the end of a point, give an idea time to sink in, or create drama fir an upcoming statement Mark Twain "No word was ever as effective as a rightly-timed pause" (pauses) Vocal variety (inflection) Add inflection to words that you want your audience to remember/note 3 Types of nonverbals 1. Proxemics: space 2. Kinesics: body movements 3. Time: chronemics Proxemics: space How does the use of personal space affect the message we send? - Cultural differences - Seinfeld - Close talker - Intimate space-->personal space-->social space-->public space Kinesics: body movements Facial features communicate to others our feelings, but our body movements often reveal how intensely we experience those feelings Chronemics: time The study of how we refer to and perceive time - This also varies by culture. What are your experiences/expectations with time? Monochronic time To the minute EX: class starts at 11, be there at 11 Polychronic Time is more fluid Speakers Triangle Walk from point A (introduction)-->to point B-->to point C (conclusion) Rhythmic tools: Repetition Use repetition to give words rhythm - repetition adds musicality to a piece of text and makes it more pleasing ton listen to - a rhetorical device to create rhythm and flow in your speech - helps you reinforce your main message, create coherence, and make your speech more memorable Words have two types of meaning 1. Denotative meaning 2. Connotative meaning Denotative meaning precise, literal objective meaning Connotative meaning variable, figurative and subjective. The meaning of the word is defined by emotions triggered Parallelism The similar arrangement of a pair or series of related words, phrases or sentences (evoke emotion) EX: "I speak as a Republican. I speak as a woman. I speak as a United States Senator. I speak as an American." - Margaret Chase Smith Repetition Reiteration of the same word or set of words at the beginning of and end of sentences EX: "Without facts, you can't have truth. Without truth, you can't have trust. Without trust, we have no shared reality." - Maria Ressa Eric wants to write helpful notes to himself as reminders during delivery. Where should he write them? His speaking outline "Study the topic thoroughly to avoid leading your audience in low-quality/ineffective research" is __________ in persuasion Ethics