Test Bank Questions and Answers in Physiology with Correct Marking Scheme, Exams of Biology

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Chapter 1: Test Bank Questions and correct marking scheme provided below  Which of the following is the best definition of physiology? - Correct answer How organisms function  Sort the following in the order in which a negative feedback loop functions. - Correct answer -Detection of a change in a critical physiological factor  -Signal sent to effector cell  -Effector cell causes change in physiology  -Change in physiology drives critical physiological factor back to normal levels  Anatomical areas in the body are described in reference to ______________. - Correct answer The standard anatomical position  Identify the components of extracellular fluid. - Correct answer The fluid inside cells and blood plasma  Describe the role of the mitochondria in cells. - Correct answer ATP production  Compare the functioning of facilitated diffusion to active transport. - Correct answer Active transport can work against a solute concentration gradient.  Predict what would happen if the concentration of DMSO (nonpolar compound) was 10- fold higher outside a cell than inside the cell. - Correct answer A nonpolar molecule like DMSO would move through the cell membrane until the concentrations on both sides of the membrane were the same.A  Which of the following statements best differentiates the difference between gene transcription and gene translation? - Correct answer Gene transcription produces mRNA, gene translation produces proteins.  Which of the following best illustrates the relationship between the wrist and fingers? - Correct answer Fingers are proximal to the wrist.  Calculate how the cell membrane would change if all the phospholipids were replaced with cholesterol. - Correct answer The cell membrane would become much more rigid.  Which statement best demonstrates the effect of anatomy on function? - Correct answer Physiological function is completely dependent on the correct structure of molecules, proteins, cells, and tissues.  Which statement is false. - Correct answer The phospholipid bilayer is arranged so that the hydrophilic heads of the phospholipid molecules face each other inside the membrane.  Compare the role of homeostasis to cell-to-cell communication in the human body. - Correct answer Homeostasis depends on cell-to-cell communication.  Which statement best distinguishes the difference between a transverse and sagittal plane through the body? - Correct answer A sagittal plane makes identical halves of the body along the midline.  Select the answer that describes the importance of visualization technologies in medicine. - Correct answer They give us the ability to identify normal vs. abnormal body tissues, structures and organs.  Which of the following statements about tissues and the structure of organs is correct? - Correct answer Organs are made up of four main types of tissues.  Which answer best defends the statement that homeostasis is essential for human survival? - Correct answer A small change in plasma pH has a large impact on breathing  Predict what would happen if all the cavities in the body were removed. - Correct answer The body cavities allow organs to maintain their own homeostasis, so they wouldn't function properly.  Choose the best answer for the question: why do feed-forward systems exist in the human body? - Correct answer Feed-forward systems anticipate changes in physiological systems.  Hypothesize how a change in a critical physiological factor would be affected by a positive feedback loop? - Correct answer A change in the factor would lead to a greater change in the factor.A  If you wanted to increase the osmotic pressure across a cell membrane what would you modify? - Correct answer I would have more water on one side of the membrane than the other.  Why would it be medically worthwhile to perfect technologies that allow us to routinely look inside cells during their normal and abnormal functioning? What advantages are gained by being able to see smaller and smaller cellular components? - Correct answer The ability to look inside normal and abnormal living cells would give physicians the ability to understand the basis for the abnormality and how effective treatments are. The ability to see smaller and smaller cellular components increases our understanding of how the cell works and how to fix it when it does not.  Human anatomy is variable. How does this affect the treatment of disease? Does this variability also affect normal physiologic functions? - Correct answer It affects how surgeons approach surgeries and the course of disease. The variability can also affect normal physiologic functioning (like during situs inversus).  Scientists hope to one day be able to predict the physiologic function of a protein based purely on its structure. What would be the advantage of being able to predict the function of a new component? Would this predictive ability be of any value in treating a disease? - Correct answer This will be a huge advantage. A scientist will be able to look at a DNA