Chapter 10: Descriptive Statistics, Exams of Nursing

Download Chapter 10: Descriptive Statistics and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! Chapter 10: Descriptive Statistics Statistics - correct answer ✔✔A numerical or graphic way to summarize data obtained from a sample. Parameters - correct answer ✔✔A numerical or graphic way to summarize data obtained from the population. Quantitative data - correct answer ✔✔Data that differ in amount or degree, along a continuum from less to more; obtained by determining placement on a scale that indicates amount or degree (ex: SAT scores) Categorical data - correct answer ✔✔Data that indicates the total number of objects, individuals, or events a researcher finds in a particular category; obtained by determining the frequency of occurrences in each of several categories (ex: gender) Raw scores - correct answer ✔✔The initial score obtained; taken by itself, this score is difficult to interpret, since it has little meaning. Derived scores - correct answer ✔✔Are obtained by taking raw scores and converting them into more useful scores on some type of standardized basis; They enable researchers to say how well the individual performed compared to others taking the same test (exes: age and grade-level equivalents, percentile ranks, and standard scores). Age and grade-level equivalents - correct answer ✔✔Tell us of what age or grade an individual score is typical Percentile ranks - correct answer ✔✔Refers to the percentage of individuals scoring at or below a given raw score. Standard scores - correct answer ✔✔Indicate how far a given raw score is from a reference point; use a common scale to indicate how an individual compares to other individuals in a group. (z scores & T scores) Techniques for summarizing quantitive data - correct answer ✔✔Frequency Distributions Histograms/Stem and Leaf Plots Distribution curves Averages/Spread Variability/Correlations Frequency distribution - correct answer ✔✔Lists scores from high to low, with tallies to indicate the number of subjects receiving each score. Grouped frequency distribution - correct answer ✔✔Scores of a distribution that are grouped into intervals Frequency polygon - correct answer ✔✔A graphic method of showing all of the scores obtained by a group of individuals; can be negatively or positively skewed; can be useful in comparing two or more groups. Histogram - correct answer ✔✔A bar graph used to display quantitative data at the interval or ratio level of measurement. Steam-leaf plot - correct answer ✔✔A display that organizes data to show both its shape and its distribution; helpful in comparing and contrasting two distributions. Distribution curves - correct answer ✔✔Smooth curves Normal distribution (normal curve) - correct answer ✔✔Many distributions of data tend to follow a certain specific shape of distribution "bell shape"; allows the plotting of mean, medium, and mode Measures of central tendency - correct answer ✔✔Mean, medium, and mode; enables one to summarize the data in a frequency distribution with a single number