Healthcare Terminology and Concepts, Exams of Medicine

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CNA KEY TERMS QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS. abduction - \Moving a body part away from the midline of the body abuse - \The intentional mistreatment or harm of another person acetone - \A substance that appears in urine from the rapid breakdown of fat for energy; ketone body or ketone active physical restraint - \A restraint attached to the person's body and to a fixed (non-movable object; it restricts movement or body access activities of daily living (ADL) - \The activities usually done during a normal day in a person's life adduction - \Moving a body part toward the midline of the body advance directive - \A document stating a person's wishes about health care when that person cannot make his or her own decisions alopecia - \Hair loss ambulation - \The act of walking anorexia - \The loss of appetite anxiety - \A vague, uneasy feeling in response to stress aphasia - \The inability to speak apnea - \The lack or absence of breathing arthroplasty - \The surgical replacement of a joint asepsis - \Being free of disease-producing microbes aspiration - \Breathing fluid or an object into the lungs assault - \Intentionally attempting or threatening to touch a person's body without the person's consent assisted living facility - \Provides housing, support services, and health care to persons needing help with daily activities atrophy - \The decrease in size or a wasting away of tissue base of support - \The area on which an object rests battery - \Touching a person's body without his or her consent bedsore - \A pressure ulcer, pressure sore, or decubitus ulcer benign tumor - \A tumor that grows slowly and within a local area biohazardous waste - \Items contaminated with blood, body fluids, secretions, or excretions; bio means life, and hazardous means dangerous or harmful blood pressure - \The amount of force exerted against the walls of an artery by the blood board and care home - \Provides a room, meals, laundry, and supervision; residential care facility body alignment - \The way the head, trunk, arms, and legs are aligned with one another; posture culture - \The characteristics of a group of people-- language, values, beliefs, habits, likes, dislikes, customs-- passed from one generation to the next dandruff - \Excessive amount of dry, white flakes from the scalp decubitus ulcer - \A pressure ulcer, pressure sore, or bedsore defamation - \Injuring a person's name and reputation by making false statements to a third person defecation - \The process of excreting feces from the rectum through the anus; bowel movement dehydration - \A decrease in the amount of water in body tissues delegate - \To authorize another person to perform a task delirium - \A state of temporary but acute mental confusion delusion - \A false belief dementia - \The loss of cognitive function and social function caused by changes in the brain development - \Changes in mental, emotional, and social function developmental task - \A skill that must be completed during a stage of development; a stage cannot be skipped diarrhea - \The frequent passage of liquid stools diastolic pressure - \The pressure in the arteries when the heart is at rest digestion - \The process of physically and chemically breaking down food so that it can be absorbed for use by the cells; starts in the mouth dilate - \To expand or open wider disability - \Any lost, absent, or impaired physical or mental function disaster - \A sudden catastrophic event in which people are injured and killed and property is destroyed disinfection - \The process of destroying pathogens dorsal recumbent position - \The back-lying or supine position dorsiflexion - \Bending the toes and foot up at the ankle dysphagia - \Difficulty swallowing dyspnea - \Difficult, labored, or painful breathing dysuria - \Painful or difficult urination edema - \The swelling of body tissues with water enema - \The introduction of fluid into the rectum and lower colon enteral nutrition - \Giving nutrients through the gastrointestinal tract ethics - \Knowledge of what is right conduct and wrong conduct extension - \Straightening a body part external rotation - \Turning the joint outward fainting - \The sudden loss of consciousness from an inadequate blood supply to the brain false imprisonment - \Unlawful restraint or restriction of a person's freedom of movement fecal impaction - \The prolonged retention and buildup of feces in the rectum fecal incontinence - \The inability to control the passage of feces and gas through the anus feces - \The semi-solid mass of waste products in the colon that are expelled through the anus fever - \Elevated body temperature flatulence - \The excessive formation of gas in the stomach and intestines flatus - \Gas or air passed through the anus flexion - \Bending a body part flow rate - \The number of drops per minute (gtt/min) footdrop - \The foot falls down at the ankle; permanent plantar flexion Fowler's position - \A semi-sitting position; the head of the bed is raised between 45 and 60 degrees. For good alignment: Keep spine straight, Support head and arms with pillows fracture - \A broken bone fraud - \Saying or doing something to trick, fool, or deceive a person insomnia - \A chronic condition in which the person cannot sleep or stay asleep all night internal rotation - \Turning the joint inward intravenous (IV) therapy - \Giving fluids through a needle or catheter inserted into a vein; IV and IV infusion invasion of privacy - \When a person's name, picture, or proivate affairs are exposed or made public without consent job description - \A list of responsibilities and functions the agency expects you to perform ketone - \Acetone; ketone body ketone body - \Acetone; ketone lateral position - \The side-lying position. Good body alignment: Bed is flat; Pillow is under the head and neck; Upper leg is in front of lower leg; ankle, upper leg, and thigh are supported with pillows; Pillow is positioned against person's back; Pillow is under the upper hand and arm law - \A rule of conduct made by a government libel - \Making false statements in print, writing, or through pictures or drawings licensed practical nurse (LPN) - \A nurse who has completed a 1-year nursing program and has passed a licensing test; called licensed vocational nurse (LVN) in some states licensed vocational nurse (LVN) - \Licensed practical nurse logrolling - \Turning the person as a unit, in alignment, with one motion malignant tumor - \A tumor that grows fast and invades other tissues; cancer malpractice - \Negligence by a professional person medical asepsis - \Practices used to remove or destroy pathogens and to prevent their spread from one person or place to another person or place; clean technique medical record - \A written account of a person's condition and response to treatment and care; chart menopause - \The time when menstruation stops and menstrual cycles end metabolism - \The burning of food for heat and energy by the cells metastasis - \The spread of cancer to other body parts microbe - \A microorganism microorganism - \A small living plant or animal seen only with a microscope; a microbe need - \Something necessary or desired for maintaining life and mental well-being neglect - \Failure to provide the person with goods or services needed to avoid physical harm, mental anguish, or mental illness negligence - \An unintentional wrong in which a person did not act in a reasonable and careful manner and causes harm to a person or property nocturia - \Frequent urination at night non-pathogen - \A microbe that does not usually cause and infection nonverbal communication - \Communication that does not use words nursing assistant - \A person who gives basic nursing care under the supervision of a licensed nurse nursing care plan - \A written guide about the person's care nursing center - \Provides health care services to persons who need regular or continuous care; nursing home or nursing facility nursing home - \Nursing center or nursing facility nursing facility (NF) - \Nursing center or nursing home nursing process - \The method RN's use to plan and deliver nursing care; its five steps are Assessment, Nursing diagnosis, Planning, Implementation, & Evaluation nursing team - \RNs, LPNs/LVNs, and nursing assistants nutrient - \A substance that is ingested, digested, absorbed, and used by the body nutrition - \The processes involved in the ingestion, digestion, absorption, and use of foods and fluids by the body objective data - \Information that is seen, heard, felt, or smelled: Signs observation - \Using the senses of sight, hearing, touch, and smell to collect information old - \Between 75 and 84 years of age old-old - \85 years of age and older oliguria - \Scant amount of urine; less than 500 ml in 24 hours ombudsman - prosthesis - \An artificial replacement for a missing body part pseudodementia - \False dementia pulse - \The beat of the heart felt at an artery as a wave of blood passes through the artery pulse rate - \The number of heartbeats or pulses felt in 1 minute quadriplegia - \Paralysis from the neck down; cervical injuries are the cause range of motion (ROM) - \The movement of a joint to the extent possible without causing pain recording - \The written account of care and observations; charting reflex incontinence - \The loss of urine at predictable intervals when the bladder is full registered nurse (RN) - \A nurse who has completed a 2-,3-, or 4-year nursing program and has passed a licensing test regurgitation - \The backward flow of food from the stomach into the mouth rehabilitation - \The process of restoring the person to his or her highest possible level of physical, psychological, social, and economic function reincarnation - \The belief that the spirit or soul is reborn in another human body or in another form of life religion - \Spiritual beliefs, needs, and practices reporting - \The oral account of care and observations residential care facility - \A board and care home respiration - \The process of supplying the cells with oxygen and removing carbon dioxide from them; breathing air into (inhalation) and out of (exhalation) the lungs respiratory arrest - \Breathing stops but heart action continues for several minutes restorative aide - \A nursing assistant with special training in restorative nursing and rehabilitation skills restorative nursing care - \Care that helps persons regain their health, strength, and independence restraint - \Any item, object, device, garment, material, or drug that limits or restricts a person's freedom of movement or access to one's body reverse Trendelenburg's position - \The head of the bed is raised, and the foot of the bed is lowered rigor mortis - \The stiffness or rigidity of skeletal muscles that occurs after death rotation - \Turning the joint seizure - \Violent and sudden contractions or tremors of muscle groups; convulsion semi-Fowler's position - \The head of the bed is raised 30 degrees; or the head of the bed is raised 30 degrees and the knee portion is raised 15 degrees semi-prone side position - \Sims' position sexuality - \The physical, psychological, social, cultural, and spiritual factors that affect a person's feelings and attitudes about his or her sex shearing - \When skin sticks to a surface while the muscles slide in the direction the body is moving shock - \Results when organs and tissues do not get enough blood side-lying position - \The lateral position signs - \Objective data Sims' position - \A left side-lying position in which the upper leg is sharply flexed so it is not on the lower leg and the lower arm is behind the person: semi-prone side position. Good alignment: Bed is flat; Pillow is under person's head & shoulder; Support upper leg with pillow; Place pillow under upper arm and hand skilled nursing facility (SNF) - \A nursing center that provides complex care for persons with severe health problems skin tear - \A break or rip in the skin; the epidermis (top skin layer) separates from the underlying tissues slander - \Making false statements orally sleep deprivation - \The amount and quality of sleep are decreased sleepwalking - \The sleeping person leaves the bed and walks about sputum - \Mucus from the respiratory system that is expelled (expectorated) through the mouth sterile - \The absence of ALL microbes sterilization - \The process of destroying ALL microbes stoma - \An opening; see colostomy and ileostomy stool - \Excreted feces