CBET Exam Secrets Study Guide, Exams of Nursing

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CBET Exam Secrets Study Guide Convert this number to a decimal 4AF. -           1199 Natural pacemaker of the heart: -           Sino-Atrial Node (SA Node) Pulmonary Vein carries: -           Deoxygenated blood Systole occurs when: -           Ventricles depolarize What is the typical expected blood volume of a normal adult? -           6.0 Liters Usual pressure inside the Pulmonary circuit is: -           35/5 mmHg The T wave represents: -           Refractory period The plane that divides the superior and inferior halves of the body is: -           Transverse Plane The adrenal glands are located: -           Superior to the Kidneys The radius bone is located in: -           Forearm Constriction of a tubular vessel is called: -           Stenosis Calculate heart rate if cardiac output of a 26 year old male is 5 LPM and stroke volume is 50 mL: -           100 bpm Normal body temperature is: -           37 degree Celsius The wall that divides the right nd left side of the heart is called: -           Septum What is Asystole? -           No electrical activity What is Acidosis? -           High acid concentration Which organ causes lung movement? -           Diaphragm What is a myocardial infraction? -           Restriction or closure of the Coronary arteries Sweet glands are exocrine glands. -           True Function of the afferent neurons -           Takes information back to the CNS Which part of the eye allows us to see color? -           Cones Brainstem consists: -           Medulla, Pons, Midbrain Calculate Expiratory Reserve Volume if TLC=5500mL, IRV=3000mL, TV=500mL, RV=1200mL: -           800mL A blood pH of 7.4 is? -           Normal When the kidneys fail and the patient needs dialysis, the blood pH would indicate? -           Metabolic acidosis Biggest part of the brain: -           Cerebellum What does oxygen attach to in the body? -           Hemoglobin Most important part of the kidney is: -           Glomerulus What does a cardiac output waveform look like? -           Bell shaped curve What happens when a cell is depolarized? -           25mg Einthoven's law states that ECG Lead 1 and 3 are the equivalent to? -           Lead 2 When taking manual blood pressure, the first Korotkoff sound is what? -           Systolic pressure Which procedure is used to remove abnormal cardiac conduction pathways? -           Cardiac ablation Internal fetal heart rate monitoring is recorded through: -           Scalp electrode During invasive blood pressure measurement: -           Fluid filled catheter exerts pressure on transducer The device used to noninvasively monitor O2 saturation by measuring light absorbance changes caused by arterial blood flow pulsations is a: -           Pulse oximeter A commonly used sensitivity criterion for invasive blood pressure transducer is: -           50 microvolts/volt/centimeter of mercury When a ultrasound beam passes across a blood vessel with blood flow, a/an_______ shift will occur in the returned ultrasound beam. -           frequency A fetal monitor usually records fetal heart rate and_________ -           Uterine activity A hypo/hyperthermia unit helps to regulate patient temperature by heating and cooling: -           a water blanket Synchronization of a defibrillator discharge is not done by: -           Using a pressure output from a bedside monitor Forced air or water circulating body warming devices are used for patients experiencing -           hypothermia All of the following statements are incorrect about intra-aortic balloon pumps except -           It improves perfusion through the coronary arteries and reduces the coronary work load An occlusion alarm on a syringe pump is likely causes by -           A blood clot and a kinked in the tubing A therapist has question. A new H cylinder has a pressure of 2,200 psi. The ventilator provides 12L/min of oxygen to the patient. At atmospheric pressure, 1 cubic foot of oxygen has a volume of 3.14L/psi. How long should this oxygen cylinder last? -           9.6 hours Which aerosol therapy device has fine particles suspended with the administered gas? -           Nebulizer What removes CO2 from the anesthesia machine and changes color to? -           Soda-lime, pink/purple Name surgical procedure in which a doctor cuts a few small holes in abdomen to insert endoscope and other equipment to perform surgery? -           Laparoscopy SYNC mode on a defibrillator is for ventricular fibrillation. -           False Ultrasound imaging is desired to capture images of bowel and lungs. -           False What device does a perfusionist work on? -           Heart-lung machine The job of O2 flush or Straight Shot (high flow, 100% O2) is to purge anesthesia machine of anesthetic agent. -           True A transducer converts one type of energy into another -           True Steam sterilization- what is required to reach temp above 212F? -           Vacuum/pressure Color of CO2 tanks -           Gray ECG shows interference when ESU is being used: -           60Hz interference TLC -           VC+RV How does material move in the intestines? -           Peristalsis Otoscope -           Examine ears Ejection of blood from heart/min -           Cardiac output ac-dc relationship -           oscilloscope In laser safety, MPE stands for: -           Maximum permissible exposure Getting a purple screen when using a RGB connection during a scope procedure -           Green cable attached wrong What is the make up of total lung capacity -           IRV+TV+ERV+RV 5800mL (5-6 liters) Convert binary 00101010 to decimal -           42 What is the output of a XNOR with all inputs high -           High What is another name for skull -           Cranium What amp does the GFCI trip -           6mA What organ produces insulin? -           Pancreas What ligaments connect? -           Bones What command can be used to verify communication with another device on the network? -           PING Standard for radiographic images -           DICOM While checking a device, DMM shows ground resistance is 0.1 ohm but leakage current is "out of range." What is the cause? -           High chassis leakage current What is the name of the one-way valve that connects the right atrium to the right ventricle? -           Tricuspid valve What is the only vein in the body that caries oxygenated blood? -           Pulmonary vein Which of these has the highest pressure? -           ABP What type of gas is used in an intra-aortic balloon pump? -           Helium What does an intra-aortic balloon pump do? -           Helps blood flow from the left ventricle to coronary arteries What does a balloon pump, and a defibrillator use in synch mode to trigger off of? -           The R wave If you have a low gas alarm on an intra-aortic balloon pump what should you check first? -           The catheter for blood If the tip of a catheter is lower than the transducer, then the blood pressure will read: -           Too low Cardiac output is normally measured in? -           Liters per minute If the SA node fails (the hearts natural pacemaker). What escape rhythm takes over first? -           Atria-ventricular node rhythm What cardiac rhythm is a defibrillator set to cardioversion synch mode for? -           Atrial fibrillation What cardiac rhythm would use the defibrillation (non-synch) mode on a defibrillator? -           Ventricular fibrillation 35. 2.5 Kg = -           5.5 lbs What is the main organ responsible for regulating acid/base and electrolyte balance in the body? -           Kidneys What ECG lead is used for respiration? -           Lead 2, white and red leads You have a lot of noise on leads I, III and AVL. Which electrode or lead would look at first? -           The defib won't charge to the setting selected. What is the most likely problem? (Defib Schematic) -           R3 wiper is defective A few capacitors are in parallel. Calculate the total capacitance. The capacitor values are 1uF, 2uF, 3uF, and 4uF. The total capacitance is: -           10 uF Solve this binary equation. Answer in a decimal number form. 11011+1111= -           42 An Oscilloscope reads 10 volts peak to peak. What is the RMS voltage? -           3.54 VRMS In a capacitive circuit: -           Current leads voltage by 90 degrees A heating element in an infant incubator uses 90 Watts of power and has a resistance of 1 kΩ. Calculate the current through the heating element. -           300 milliamps A Triac is used to switch -           AC power Waveforms on an EEG Monitor are temporarily stored in: -           RAM The IEEE standard for Ethernet communication: -           802.3 Which one of these has the longest wavelength in the light spectrum: -           Dark Red Light A Nicad battery normally has: -           1.2 V per cell What would the inputs have to be on a 3 input OR gate to get a low out? -           All low Calculate two 40mH inductors in parallel. -           20mH If the battery were changed from a 4AH to a 2 AH with the same voltage reading what would the result be? -           Shorter run time. You have a reading on 2 different manufacturer's pulse oximeters. The nurse says they are reading wrong because there is a 2% difference in the blood oxygen levels between them. What is wrong? -           This is normal operation A sterilizer has a jacket pressure of 30 psi and a chamber pressure of 28 psi. What is wrong with it? -           This is normal operation when a cycle is running. The EEG is used to detect: -           Brain Tumors Steam Sterilization Temperatures are usually above: -           132 Degrees Celsius Ultrasound is best described as: -           Acoustic Compressions What is the Highest Temp that an infant warmer should be before the alarm is tripped. -           39 degrees Celsius The treatment of high bilirubin in babies is treated by; -           Light Therapy Using your test equipment you feed a 1milli volt signal into ECG leads. You have the monitor set to read on lead 2. You are using a 3 lead set. The monitor ECG size is set to 1 milli volt. You run a strip on the recorder. What should you see for amplitude on the recording? -           Two big squares on the paper positive deflection What selection on an electro surgical unit most resembles a sine wave? -           Pure cut A tourniquet stops the flow of blood to a patient's body part that is being operated on by: -           Pumping up to a pressure higher than the patient's blood pressure and restricting flow. A centrifuge spins at 3432 RPM at one scheduled preventive maintenance check. This centrifuge is checked on a quarterly schedule. At the next scheduled preventive maintenance it reads 2600 RPM. What would the most likely case for this problem be? -           Different rotor head was installed A nurse calls you to repair a non-invasive blood pressure unit. The nurse tells you that the blood pressures are too high when using this unit. What is the most likely cause of this problem? - The following gas laws are essential to understanding respiratory function -           Boyle's, Charles's, Dalton's, Henry's law Pulmonary Abnormalities that require artificial respiratory ventilation are -           Ventilation/perfusion, diffusion, and AV shunt problems Peristalsis is -           The movement used to move materials through most regions of the digestive tract The anterior of the body is the -           Front The intrinsic pacemaker of the heart is the -           Sinoatrial node The medical term meaning "death of tissue" is -           Necrosis The primary function of the atrial ventricular node in the human heart is -           It operates as a delay line, allowing propagation of conduction to the ventricles The valve between the left atrium and left ventricle is the -           mitral The principal waste product of cellular metabolism is -           Carbon dioxide Blood cell counting is typically done in a department called -           Hematology The gamma camera and scintillation counter are used primarily to study body organ -           Function In pulmonary function testing, the purpose of the multiple breath nitrogen washout test is to determine the -           Functional residual capacity During a pulmonary function nitrogen washout test, the patient breathes -           Pure oxygen The normal range for PaO2 is a healthy adult is about -           80 to 100 mmHg An instrument that records changed in the volume of an organ or vessel by measuring changes in the quantity of blood inside it is called a -           Plethysmograph X-ray tube anode current is controlled by adjusting the -           Filament current with compensation for anode voltage variations The upper limit for the heart rate alarm on a patient monitor should be set to indicate an alarm during -           Ventricular tachycardia An automatic blood pressure cuff that is too narrow for the patient's arm may cause -           Artificially high blood pressure readings Ultrasound refers to sound waves with frequency greater than 16,000 cycles per second that are generated by -           Piezoelectric crystals normal cardiac output for an average 70 kg (154lbs) adult is about -           4 LPM For optimum performance, nickel-cadmium batteries should be charged in an environment where the ambient temperature is -           20-30 degrees Celsius Lung function is measured by a -           Pulmonary function analyzer In the Trendelenburg position, the -           Patient's head is lower than his/her hips Lengthwise plane running from side to side, dividing the body into anterior and posterior portions is a -           Coronal plane A thrombus is -           A blood clot remaining at the site of formation The arterioles in the circulatory system -           Regulate blood flow by contraction or dilation The P wave of an ECG corresponds to the electrical activity produced by the -           Depolarization of atria Normal insertion sites for cardiac catheterization include the -           Femoral and brachial veins and arteries A myocardial infarction is -           The death of a portion of heart muscle resulting from ischemia The normal oxygen saturation of systemic venous blood is about -           75% The condition in which the blood had decreased pH is -           Acidosis An otoscope would normally be used to -           Examine the ears Body temperature is normally controlled by the -           Hypothalamus The science dealing with functions and diseases of the war is called -           Otology Branches of the vagus nerve conduct parasympathetic impulses to the -           Pancreas and stomach An abnormal swelling of tissues is called -           Edema Bones found in the human leg include -           Femur, tibia, fibula Involuntary muscle includes -           Smooth and cardiac muscle The approx resting potential of a nerve fiber membrane while it remains completely undisturbed is -           -90mV Systole is the period of the cardiac cycle when the heart is -           Emptying To detect the electrical events of the heart in the form of an ECG, which of the following must occur -           Convert the ionic potential to electron current The equation describing the electrical measurement of ECG is -           Lead I + Lead III = Lead II aVL + aVF + aVR = 0 Apnea is -           Cessation of breathing The coronary sinus returns blood to the heart from the -           Coronary circulation Normal pulmonary artery pressure in a healthy adult is approx -           25/8 After a large meal, the vasculature in the gastrointestinal tract -           Dilates The aortic valve closes by the -           Back pressure of blood The interval during which an electrical shock is most likely to cause the heart to go into fibrillation is -           Between 150-200ms following the R-wave peak Blood cell counting is typically done in a department called -           Hematology The normal range for blood pH in a healthy adult is about -           7.35-7.45 The phase relationship between current and voltage for pure capacitance is -           Current leads voltage by 90 degrees The total inductance of a 2.0H and a 3.0H coil connected in parallel with no mutual inductance is -           (1/2+1/3)^-1= 1.2H Hysteresis losses in a magnetic core -           Increases with higher frequency An amplifier specification sheet lists the CMRR as 86dB. This CMRR could also be expressed as -           20,000:1 The resolution of a 7-Bit D/A converter is approx -           2^7=128 1/128= 0.78% In a series-tuned LC circuit, at resonance -           The voltage across the capacitor may be several times the voltage applied across the series- tuned circuit The approx low-frequency cutoff point for an RC coupled amplifier with an Input resistance of 2,500ohms and 0.1mF input coupling capacitor is -           f=1/(2pi*Xc*C) f=1/(2pi*2500*0.1m) f=637Hz The approx resonate frequency of a tank circuit using a 600mH inductor and 200pF capacitor -           f=1/(2pi*sqr rt(LC)) f=1/(2pi*sqr rt(600m*200p)) f=460kHz The turns ratio of a transformer that will match an 8,100ohm output impedance to a 90ohm load is -           Turns ratio = sqr rt(Zp/Zs) =sqr rt(8100/90) =3 to 1 The output of an EXOR will be a logic 1 -           One input is 1 and one input is 0 During normal operation of a P-channel JFET, the gate voltage is -           positive with respect to the source A silicon-controlled rectifier is usually turned on with a -           Positive pulse (relative to the cathode) applied to its gate In an PNP transistor amplifier, making the base voltage less positive with respect to the emitter -           Decrease the collector current For an amplifier with a voltage gain of 60 and an output impedance of 4.0kohms driving a loaf of 8.0kohms, the output voltage for an input signal of 100mV will be -           Voltage gain, A V'=A*Vin V'=60*100mV =6V Vo=V'*R1/(R0+R1) Vo=6*8/(4+8) =4V A diode's peak-inverse voltage rating refers to the most that the -           Cathode can be more positive than the anode potential Electric current can flow through -           conductors and semiconductor material, liquids, gases Another name for the "one shot" circuit is -           Monostable multivibrator The phenomenon that occurs when substances emit electrons when illuminated by light is called -           Photoelectricity The circuit resistance of a 20,000 ohm/volt meter when used on the 100 volt range is -           R=meter sensitivity*voltage 2Mohms Three capacitors 6mF, 3mF, 2mF are connected to 100V DC. When fully charged, the voltage across the 2mF capacitor will be -           Ct=1/(1/6m+1/3m+1/2m)=1mF E1=(Ct*E)/C1 =(1mF*100)/2mF=50V Total resistance of 8ohms, 12ohms, 24ohms connected in parallel is approx. -           (1/8+1/12+1/24)^-1=4ohms A two input NAND gate will have a low output -           When both inputs are high A + B + AB = -           =A + B(1 + A) =A + B(1) =A + B The product of the binary numbers 1101 and 101 is -           1101=13 0101=5 13*5=65 The equation for the gain of a Darlington configuration using two transistors having betas of beta1 and beta2 is approx -           Beta1*Beta2 The largest number that can be represented by a 16-but binary number is -           65,535 The two's complement of 101101 is -           101101 010010 1 010011 The decimal equivalent of binary 110101 is -           53           Cost, size, power consumption, cooling requirements, weight and improve reliability Positive logic is the assignment of logic levels so -           The most positive level is a binary 1 and the most negative level is a binary 0 The output of a voltage comparator with +2.5 volts on the inverting input and +2.7 volts on the non-inverting input will be -           +Vsat A non-investing voltage follower has an input voltage of +5.5 volts peak-to-peak. Its output will be abiut -           +5.5 volts peak-to-peak Non-inverting voltage followers have high input impedance and low output impedance and a voltage gain of 1 With reference to logic circuits, the term synchronous refers to -           Circuit operation under clock control A NAND gate is an active...device -           Low A trailing-edge-triggered JK flip flop is one that changes states when the clock pulse switches from binary_______to binary________ -           1,0 Unused inputs on a NAND gate should be -           Connected to a binary 1 A pull up traitor is required for -           Open collector logic circuit One common medical application for a piezoelectric crystal is -           Making force and pressure measurements Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Transistors (MOSFETs) are -           Voltage controlled devices The output of a two-input OR gate can be forced low by -           Low on both of the inputs All the following terms apply to RAM, except -           ROM A 4K memory can be bit organized as -           4k x 1, 1k x 4, 512 x 8 The function of a microprocessor's ALU is to -           Logically or arithmetically modify data No depletion region and very fast turn off is a characteristic of a -           Schottky diode Load regulation is a measure of a power supply's ability to keep a constant output voltage under conditions of changing -           Load current demands A bipolar junction transistor -           Is turned on by forward biasing its base-emitter junction A JFET is a device that is normally -           On For a 10mV differential input change, an amplifier has a 10V output change. A common-mode input change of 10mV causes a 1mV output change. The common- mode rejection ratio (CMRR) of this amplifier is -           Differential voltage gain Ad=10V/10mV=1k Common-mode voltage gain Acm=1mV/10mV=0.1 The CMRR=Ad/Acm=1k/0.1=10k Covert to decibels CMRR'=20log(CMRR) CMRR'=20log(10k)=80dB The one's complement of binary number 10011100 is -           01100011 The sum of the binary numbers 10010101 and 00101101 is -           10010101=149 +00101101=45 ———————— 11000010=194 A two input NAND gate has each input fed by two input NOR gate. A consistent LOW output would indicate that -           The NOR gate do not have any HIGH inpute MOV (metal-oxide varistor) devices are used to protect electronic equipment from dangerous operating conditions such as -           Line transients A kilobyte of digital memory is -           2^10=1,024 bytes If the J and K inputs of a J-K flip-flop are both low, then the -           Q output will not change when the flip-flop is clocked All of the following are an advantage of negative feedback in an op-amp circuit, except A)stability B)increased input resistance C)higher gain D)decreased output resistance -           C Using Boolean algebra, the expression A+1 is equal to -           1 An enhancement MOSFET is normally -           Off A LVDT (linear variable differential transformer) detector circuit can be used to determine both_______ and ______ -           Direction, position The resolution of a digital-to-analog converter, if the least significant bit represents 0.3 volts and the full scale range is equal to 8.0 volts, is -           Resolution=0.3/8.0=0.0375*100= 3.75%~3.8% Except when fetching an instruction, the program counter of a microprocessor always points to the program instruction which is -           The program counter is a special register which stores the address of the next instruction that the computer will execute A low-pass filter can be used as a(n) -           Low-pass = integrator High-pass = differentiator A simple method used to increase output current when more current is needed than the op amp can supply is a -           Current booster The logic element used to process binary signals is called a -           Gate An ideal op-amp has all the following properties, except A)infinite open-loop voltage gain B)Infinite input impedance C)Infinite output impedance D)Infinite frequency response -           C If the output of an EXOR is low, the inputs must be -           Both high or both low           1500 meters/second The function of the monochromator in a spectrophotometer is to -           Select a narrow band of the light spectrum In pulmonary function testing, the purpose of the multiple breath nitrogen washout test is to determine -           Functional residual capacity The PEEP (positive end exploratory pressure) control on a respiratory ventilator is used to -           Increase functional residual capacity by inflating the lungs more than they would on their own The crest factor for an electrosurgical unit is the -           Ratio of the peak voltage to the RMS voltage The change in electrical impedance in the human chest due to respiration during quiet breathing is about -           500m ohms During fetal monitoring, fetal heart rate information may be obtained using -           A fetal scalp electrode, maternal abdominal electrode, ultrasound transducer During a pulmonary function nitrogen washout test, the patient breathes -           Pure oxygen Electromyograph amplifiers require a frequency band pass of about -           10 to 3000Hz The resonant frequency of a blood pressure transducer and its plumbing system is determined by the -           Length and diameter of the catheter used, presence of small air bubbles, type and number of stopcocks used The AHA standards for ECG requires a freq response for diagnostic ECG signals to be -           0.5 to 100Hz The primary advantage of "fluid column" ECG monitoring electrodes is the -           Reduction of artifacts due to patient movement In EEGs recorded from the scalp electrodes, the peak-to-peak amplitudes and freq spectrum of the typical signals are -           50mV and 0.5Hz to 100Hz The current in an X-ray tube is controlled by the -           Filament temperature A normal adult male's vital capacity is about -           5 liters The resistance of a typical medical thermistor -           Decreases as temperature increases The characteristic of an X-ray tube is that is the primary determinant of the geometric sharpness if its roentgenographs is the -           Focal spot size The type of therapeutic energy that is normally used for heating the bone/muscle interface is -           Ultrasound ECG monitor interference caused by an electrosurgical unit can be minimized by -           Placing the return plate directly under the surgical site, placing the ECG electrodes equally distant and as far away as possible from the surgical site, placing all ECG electrodes on the frontal surface or all on the posterior surface of the patient, using shielded ECG patient cables and leads The typical chart speed for an EEG -           30mm/s An instrument used to measure the intensity of light by comparing light from two different light sources is called a(n) -           Photometer The three most commonly reported arterial blood gas measurements and PaO2, PaCO2 and -           pH When the rate and depth of respiration are reduced, the PaCO2 -           Goes up due to retention of CO2 The normal range for PaO2 in a healthy adult is about -           80-100mmHg The technique of separating a mixture of substance by means of solvents flowing on a column of aluminum oxide or filter paper is called -           Chromatography An instrument that records changes in the volume of an organ or vessel by measuring changes in the quantity of blood inside it is called -           plethysmograph Radioactive pharmaceuticals are used in -           Nuclear medicine A diagnostic device that includes a multichannel collimator, a sodium iodine crystal and an array of photomultipliers is called -           Gamma camera The diagnostic imaging procedure in which various anatomical data are digitally reconstructed from x-ray transmission data obtained by scanning an area from many directions is called -           Computerized axial tomography (CAT) X-ray tube anode current is controlled by adjusting the -           Filament current with compensation for anode voltage variations A toxin removed from the body during hemodialysis is -           Creatinine Every heart-lung machine includes a blood pump and a(n) -           Gas exchanger The purpose of induced hypothermia for a patient on a heart-lung machine during open-heart surgery is to reduce -           Metabolic oxygen requirements For invasive blood pressure measurement, the transducer should be placed at the same level as the patient's heart in order to avoid -           Hydrostatic pressure interference A pulmonary artery wedge pressure is obtained with a Swan-Ganz catheter to approx -           Left ventricular end diastolic pressure An item commonly used as part of cardiac output measurement is a(n) -           Injectate An automatic blood pressure cuff that is too narrow for the patient's arm may cause -           Artificially high blood pressure reading Coagulation, fulguration, and cutting are three main functions of -           Electrosurgery A device used to convert a biological variable to an electrical variable is called a -           Transducer In a cathode ray tube, the motion of the electrons is controlled by vertical and horizontal deflection plates where the amount of deflection is proportional to the -           Coltage Ultrasound refers to sound waves with freq greater than 16,000 cycles/sec that are generated by - If a thermistor has a negative temperature coefficient, then -           Resistance decreases when temperature increases All of the following statements are correct about the construction of a simple resistor/ammeter test fixture for the inspection of an ESU, except A)the load resistors must be inductive, high wattage type B)the thermocouple RF ammeter must be used C)the load resistor should have a value of 200-500 ohms D)a meter range of 0 to about 1.5 amps is desirable -           A A defib is a medical device used to create -           Sustained myocardial depolarization The numeric display of central venous pressure (CVP) typically appears as -           Mean only If an invasive pressure transducer and zeroing stopcock are positioned higher than a patient's heart, the reading will be -           Erroneously low During a pulmonary function test, the "tidal volume" measured represents -           The volume of gas inspired or expired during a normal respiration cycle The time after the R-wave peak when a synchronized defibrillator discharge is usually delivered is -           30ms The standardization pulse used by ECG machines to check sensitivity is -           1mV The correct definition of gauge pressure is -           The pressure indicated after atmospheric pressure has zeroed or cancelled out The application that is not dependent on the Doppler effect is -           EEG The US code for limb and cheat lead wires is -           RL green, LL red, LA black, RA white, C brown The electrode that serves as a reference for a 5-lead ECG patient cable is the -           RL Right Leg Isolating the patient connected to a cardiac monitor from ground reference can be accomplished by using -           Optical isolation A device used in an ECG preamplifier to protect it from defibrillator discharge potential is -           Neon lamps Changing cardiac monitor from monitor mode to diagnostic mode affects the -           Bandwidth The two types of commonly available manual sphygmomanometers are -           Android gauge and mercury column The syringe that develops the most pressure at the tip of a needle is -           3 cubic centimeters The operating principle of ultrasound transducers is the -           Piezoelectric effect Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation differs from hemodialysis in that -           It adds oxygen to blood A typical ESU cut waveform delivers energy as a -           Pure sine wave, 300kHz-3MHz Gas sterilization temperatures are usually above -           30 degrees Celsius Medical carbon dioxide cylinders are color-code -           Grey The higher the "crest factor" of an ESU, the better the unit is able to -           Spark to tissue to coagulate bleeders with little cutting effect n The type of gas used to inflate the intra-aortic ballon pump(IABP) is -           Helium Electrosurgical generators can operate at radio frequencies as high as 4MHz. However, most operate near 500kHz because -           Stray capacitances and cable inductances are much more of a nuisance at higher frequencies Older electrosurgical generators with patient return pads referenced to earth ground may be a hazard to the patient because -           If the pad becomes unattached from the patient, an alternate site RF burn can occur on the patient When using internal paddles, an interlock limits the maximum output power of a defibrillator to -           50 joules Synchronization of a defibrillator discharge is not done by -           Using a pressure output from the bedside monitor In the cardiovert position of a defibrillator, the output relay is not energized unless -           The discharge switch is closed and the silicon-controlled rectifier is turned on Ultrasound is best described as -           Acoustic compressions and rarefactions propagated through matter A commonly used sensitivity criterion for invasive blood pressure transducers is -           50mV/V/cmHg The detection of nuclear radiation is typically accomplished within a chamber of -           Ionized gas In order to obtain diagnostic quality ECG recording, the minimum bandwidth of the recording equipment should be -           0.05-100Hz In a normal patient, the largest ECG complex is usually obtained between -           RA and LL leds A common feature of hemodialyzers(artificial kidney) is the blood and dialysate flow on opposite side of: -           A semi-permeable membrane The principle behind the conductivity-type automatic blood cell counter is that the saline solution in which the cells are suspended has: -           Lower electrical resistivity than the cells During synchronous cardio version -           The defibrillator is set to fire approx 20ms after the peak of the R wave When evaluating a device for use on a hospital network, a major consideration should be -           Bandwidth parameters An instrument used to test output of a defibrillator should have an input impedance of approx -           50ohms An argon been coagulator would be used when -           A wide swath of energy is needed to control many small bleeders The volume change of the lungs from maximum exhalation to maximum inhalation is known as -           Vital capacity The minimum body-surface-contact 60Hz current that will induce ventricular fibrillation in an human is about -           100mA Oxygen and nitrous oxide compressed-gas cylinders should not -           Be stored where readily combustible materials such as oil and grease may come in contact with them The major hazard to the body from scattered or reflected laser radiation is -           Retinal damage The recommended enclosed risk current limit portable equipment that is "likely to contact patient" under normal conditions, as specified by the ANSI/AAMI Sade Current Limits for Electromedical Apparatus standard(ANSI/AAMI) is -           100uA NFPA 99, Standard for Health Care Facilities, requires the impedance to ground for either conductor of an isolated power system in an anesthetizing location to exceed -           200,000 ohms The human body's "cannot let go" reaction to 60Hz current begins at about -           10mA In electrical safety discussions, the term "micro shock hazard" indicates that -           A low-impedance current path directly to the path directly to the patient's heart is present According to the ANSI/AAMI Safe Current Limits for Electromedical Apparatus standard(ANSI/AAMI ES1) a leakage current meter should have -           An input impedance of approx 1000 ohms between DC and 1kHz, the ability to respond accurately to both AC and DC currents, a response to frequencies between 1kHz and 100kHz that is inversely proportional to the frequency in kHz NFPA 99 Standard for Health Care Facilities, requires that an LIM alarm trio when the total hazard current from either isolated conductor to ground reaches a threshold value of -           5.0mA A class A fire( according to NFPA 99, (Standard for Health Care Facilities), is one that involves -           Wood, paper, rags, rubbish Two basic electrical safety tests that should be performed on line-powered patient-care equipment are -           Ground wire integrity and ground wire leakage current An isolated power system does not -           Protect against micro shock According to NFPA,the minimum required retention force for the ground contact of power receptacles in patient-care areas is -           4oz A receptacle that is powered from an isolated power system in a hospital -           Has AC power that is not referenced to ground When working with elemental mercury, it is very important to -           Avoid any prolonged exposure of mercury to the air, maintain adequate ventilation, vented to the building exterior, work over smooth surface pan to catch and contain any spills The present NIOSH recommended TWA exposure limit for nitrous oxide in hospital OR is -           25 part per million In general X-rays are considered hazardous because they are -           Ionizing radiation The basic advantage of four-wire resistance measurements is -           The measured resistance is independent of the test-lead and contact-point resistance The pressure in a full oxygen cylinder (size B,D,E or M) at room temp is about -           2000psig Film badges are used to monitor a technician's exposure to -           Beta and gamma radiation According to NFPA 99 conductive floors in non-flammable anesthetizing hospital areas -           Should be initially tested to show that no single conductivity reading is less than 10,000 ohms Electrical safety in the medical environment refers to -           Limitation of electrical shock A micro shock is defined as -           A low voltage current passing directly through the heart The responsibility for electrical safety in medical institutions rests with the -           Medical, support and administrative staff An electrical safety program in the hospital must have -           Identification of hazard and risk, prevention of hazard and risk, documentation Two purposes of safety ground are -           To drain leakage current and blow the fuse in the hot line in case of fault The hazard presented by an electrical shock is measured as a function of -           Current intensity at specific frequencies Leakage current is defined as -           Current flowing in a chassis The two major components of leakage current are -           Capacitive and resistive The classic remedy for excessive leakage current is to -           Use a third or safety ground wire The set of wire compliance with the National Electrical Code (ANSI/NFPA 70) Standard color code for electrical power wiring distribution is -           Black(hot), white(neutral), green(ground) An electrical instrument ha a leakage current of 100 mA flowing through a 1 ohm ground resistance. If a patient of 500 ohm resistance touches the instrument's metal case, the current flow through the patient will be -           V=IR = 100mA*1ohm = 1uV I=VR = 1uV*500ohm = 0.2 mA If the ground wire in a power cord broke, the possibility of shock or electrocution can be reduced by -           Reducing equipment leakage current, adding an additional ground wire in parallel with the power cord safety ground, using an isolated power system The system providing the most protection against leakage current hazards in an ECG is -           Driven by right leg system A LIM is a device that continuously monitors the -           Impedance of isolated power lines to ground A system used in the past to reduce or eliminate leakage current hazards in hospitals is a(n) -           Equipotential ground system, ground fault interrupter The hazard(s) associated with the clinical laboratory is (are) -           Chemicals, gases, broken equipment An ethylene oxide sterilizer -           Should be operated by trained personnel, requires that sterilizes material be aerated, uses ethylene oxide, which is toxic Individual radiation exposure is monitored by a -           Dosimetry system Safety concerns regarding diagnostic X-ray machines are -           Black Standards to reduce the risk of micro shock are designed to prevent -           Currents greater than 10uA from passing through the heart Incorrect connection of medical gas cylinders to medical equipment is prevented by all the following, except A)gas pressure regulators B)pin-index safety system C)diameter index safety system D)medical gas cylinder color code -           A Of the following, the device not primarily designed to prevent electric shock to hospital personnel or patients is (are) A)fuses in medical equipment B)ground fault interrupters C)insulation D)ground wire in power distribution system -           A According to NFPA 99 the limit for chassis leakage current for cord-connected equipment intended for use in the patient care vicinity is -           300mA NFPA 99 requires testing of equipment before being put into service, after repair or modified and at intervals determined by the equipment location. Unless documentation justifies otherwise, intervals should not exceed -           General care 12 months, critical care 6 months, wet 6 months According to NFPA 99 lead leakage testing for portable equipment is required -           For incoming inspections, following repairs and modifications According to NFPA 99 the line isolation monitor must alarm when the total hazard current reaches a threshold value of -           5mA According to NFPA 99 when testing portable electrical devices used in the patient vicinity the resistance between the application's cord connected chassis and ground pin of the attach plug should not be more than -           0.50 ohms According to NFPA 99 the line isolation monitor must have -           A green lamp that remains lighted when the electrical system is adequately isolated from ground, a red lamp and audible warning signal that activates when the total hazard current reaches the threshold value, an ammeter that indicates the total hazard current of the electrical system According to NFPA 99 when multiple cord-connected devices are rack or cart mounted and powered by one power cord, chassis leakage current shall be measured by -           Testing the rack or cart assembly The appropriate fire extinguisher for an electrical fire would be rated class -           C The relationship between oxygen and fire hazard is -           Oxygen supports combustion and can increase the flammability of materials For disinfection methods to be effective, the surface or object to be disinfected must first be -           Washed The governing body for a hospital is usually the -           Hospital's board of trustees The "authority having jurisdiction" in determining compliance with fire safety codes, such as NFPA 101, Life Safety Code, might be the -           City or state fire marshal According tO NFPA 99 one requirement of emergency power system is that -           The system mud supply power within 10sec of power failure According to NFPA 99 when a hospital buys equipment the following information must be included -           Request for appropriate Material Safety Data Sheets(MSDS) NFPA 99 requires all the following except A)all personnel using and maintaining equipment must be trained in its risks B)all personnel maintaining equipment must be certified or supervised by someone who is certified C)users of electrosurgical equipment must receive training in fire suppression D)the hospital must provide continuing education for personnel repairing equipment -           B When servicing equipment used to deliver oxygen, oil and grease should not be used because -           Oil and grease may cause a fire hazard in an oxygen-enriched atmosphere The IEC code for an electrical power cord in order of hot, neutral and ground is -           Brown, blue, green The AAMI standard for leakage current provides for a weighted current limit for frequency below -           100kHz If the paddles of a defibrillator become pitted, they should be replaced because -           The pots create a high current density and my burn the patient To comply with the FDA device tracking amendment that went into effect 1993, once a patient revives a heart valve prosthesis, the hospital -           Must assume responsibility as a "distributor" of that device The trace on the oscilloscope of a patient monitor will not focus. The malfunction would typically be caused by a defect in the -           High voltage power supply Skin irritation at disposable electrode sites may be caused by -           Acetone, alcohol or other "skin-prep" products that are not removed prior to electrode attachment, electrode adhesive, chloride or other ingredients in the electrolyte gel During direct blood pressure monitoring, elevating the transducer after zeroing the pressure channel would cause the indicated pressure to -           Be too low Interference and artifacts in an ECG may be caused by -           Nervous patient, loose electrode or broken electrode cable, defective ECG amplifier, the patient talking A biomedical amplifier is "overloaded" when the -           Differential input signal times the amplifier gain is greater than the power supply voltage, input DC offset voltage is greater than the differential dynamic range, applied common mode signal is greater than the input common mode dynamic range A patient's monitor is displaying an excessive amount of 60Hz interference on the ECG. This could be caused by -           A poor CMRR in the ECG amplifier, improper application of the ECG electrodes, no ground connection on the patient's electric bed The output of a solid state ESU can be measured accurately with -           An RF ammeter in series with a non-inductive resistor The load impedance that would normally be used when checking the output waveform of an external cardiac pacemaker is -           500ohms A thermal dilution cardiac output computer system is indicating an error condition and the temperature recording curve shows a notch. The problem was probably caused by -           A non-continuous injection The display on an infusion pump reads "KVO". This means -           The pump has delivered the programmed volume and is now continuing to infuse but at a very low rate An ECG trace keeps drifting off scale; it's all over the chart paper. What is a likely cause -           The electrodes are mismatched (e.g. 2 different brands or styles) A nurse discovers infiltration of an IV site and reports that the IV pump failed to alarm. The technician finds the pump to be operating properly. An additional step would be -           Explain to the nurse that site infiltrations do not necessarily create enough back pressure to trigger an alarm Most of the modern electrosurgical generators provide some type of patient return pad monitoring. If the return pad monitor alarms and stops the electrosurgical generator from working, this cause might be -           The patient return pad has become partially or completely unattached from the patient An adult with a heart rate of 54 is brought to the emergency room. An external pacer using external pads is set up at a heart rate if 75 and a current of 20mA. There's no evidence of capture. A likely cause is -           The output current needs to be increased further A nurse has been charting s patient's arterial blood pressure every 15 minutes. At 9:05am the pressures were 124/86. At 9:20am the pressure monitor indicates 194/156. The BMET should ask the nurses to -           Check the transducer is level with the patient's midaxillary line On one patient, the five consecutive thermodilution curves displayed on the cardiac output computer shows a "bump" on the upslope. The injectate has been administered smoothly and within 3 seconds. The most likely cause is -           The patient probably has a right-left cardiac shunt A noninvasive blood pressure monitor is cycling properly but is not detecting the patient's pressure. It would be appropriate to first check the -           Cuff position A dialysis machine has a low dialysate temperature (34 degrees C) and a reference thermistor resistance of 3k ohms. The thermistor's specifications are 5k ohms at 23 degrees C and temperature coefficient of -1% per degree C. It would be most appropriate to -           Replace the thermistor What do you do when you're called to fix a portable ventilator owned by the patient -           Be aware of the hospital's policy and discuss with the patient's caregivers On a local are network, which of the following can cause a loss of communications between the server and the clients -           A hub losing power The x-ray machine tech complains that the radiographic film image is "striped". A likely cause is -           A stationary Bucky grid During an MIS (minimally invasive surgery) procedures the nurse specialist reports that the image is dropping in and out on one of the video monitors. A likely cause is -           Bad connection/faulty video cable from source to monitor A cardiologist asks you to redirect the printout on the central ECG databases so that it comes out at the nurses' station. You should -           Ensure the nurses' station printer is in a secure area and consult a HIPPA expert While recording an ECG, lead configuration II produces a good waveform. When lead I or III is recording, there is approx 5mm of 60Hz on the trace. This is -           Probably due to a defective left arm lead The line isolation monitor in an intensive care patient's room is alarming. The most appropriate action for you to take when the nurse reports this to you -           Identify the piece of equipment that is causing the alarm A invasive blood pressure reading is 150mmHg. With the cuff off the reading is 138mmHg. This is -           Not unusual