CSCT Exam With 100% Correct And Verified Answers 2024, Exams of Advanced Education

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CSCT Exam With 100% Correct And Verified Answers 2024 Counterclockwise - Correct Answer-Early Transition Rotates Which Direction Clockwise - Correct Answer-Late Transition Rotates Which Direction Transmit impulses form the right atrium to the left atrium - Correct Answer-Bachmann's Bundle Drains venous blood from the thoracic wall to the superior vena cava - Correct Answer- Azygous Veins Embryological cavity where the heart migrates into during development - Correct Answer-Celomic Cavity Adheres one cell to another cell - Correct Answer-Desmosomes Regeneration of nerve fibers - Correct Answer-Nerve reinnervation smallest arteries - Correct Answer-Arterioles External boundary that separates the left and right ventricles - Correct Answer- Intraventricular Sulcus Joins one cardiac muscle cell to another cardiac muscle cell and is required for synchronized cardiac contraction - Correct Answer-Intercalated Disc Increase in Contractility - Correct Answer-Positive Inotropic Effect Volume of blood flow through any tissue at any given period of time - Correct Answer- Local blood flow Electrical activities in the ell causing muscle contraction - Correct Answer- Depolarization Active contractile phase of the cardiac cycle - Correct Answer-Systole Recessed part of the semilunar valves - Correct Answer-Sinus of Valsalva A Groove exterior to the crista terminalis - Correct Answer-sulcus terminalis Separates the os of the coronary sinus and the inferior vena cava - Correct Answer- Eustachian Ridge The parietal pericardium surrounding the superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, and pulmonary veins - Correct Answer-Fibrous Pericardium, Venous Medsocaridum, Vestigial fold of Marshall Merging of the internal jugular vein and subclavian vein forms the - Correct Answer- Brachiocephalic Vein Nerves that provide motor innervation to the diaphragm - Correct Answer-Phrenic Nerve Troponin that cause inhibition of muscle contraction - Correct Answer-TnI Accounts for the pattern of referred heart pain to the upper thorax, shoulder, and arm during heart attack is known as - Correct Answer-Pain afferent, Pain threshold, Pain reflex Percentage of the population in which the right coronary artery supplies the SA node - Correct Answer-60% Percentage of population in which the left coronary artery supplies the AV node - Correct Answer-10-15% An imaginary grouping of the nerve bundles travelling to and from the heart - Correct Answer-Cardiac Plexus More sympathetic nerves innervate the: - Correct Answer-Ventricles Where do parasympathetic nerve originate from: - Correct Answer-Medulla Oblongata Slowing down conduction velocity is referred to as: - Correct Answer-Negative dromotropic effect Heart sounds are produced by: - Correct Answer-Closure of the heart valves Aortic stenosis is heard best at the: - Correct Answer-2nd ICS on the right side of the sternum Cardiac transplantation can cause: - Correct Answer-Post-Ganglionic denervation The lowest pressure in the aorta before blood is ejected from the ventricle is the: - Correct Answer-Diastolic blood pressure The maximal aortic pressure following ejection is the: - Correct Answer-Systolic blood pressure What is the aortic pulse pressure of someone who has a blood pressure of 150/90mmHg - Correct Answer-150mmHg The physiological purpose of the PR-segment is to - Correct Answer-Slow down impulses coming from the SA node to ensure the ventricles fill adequately with blood What is a normal stroke volume? - Correct Answer-55-75% What does Serum contain? - Correct Answer-Water, Hormones, Nutrients Name three agranular leukocytes - Correct Answer-B-cells, T-cells, Monocytes The lymphatic system transports what kind of vitamins - Correct Answer-Vitamin A, Vitamin D, Vitamin E, Vitamin K The thoracic duct empties into the venous system at the junction of the - Correct Answer-Internal jugular vein and the left subclavian vein What are the characteristics of unstable angina? - Correct Answer-new onset angina, angina developed at rest, sudden increase in the frequency, intensity, and duration of pain What is rheumatic fever? - Correct Answer-Inflammatory condition, a complication of upper respiratory infection caused by group A Streptococci, occurs mainly in children and young adults Beta 1 receptors are found in which part of the body - Correct Answer-Heart, Kidneys, Parts of the eye Class III Antiarrhythmics do what to the action potential - Correct Answer-widen the duration of the action potential Class IV antiarrhythmics are calcium channel blockers which - Correct Answer-effect the pacemaker action potential Beta-Blockers can be sued for which cardiac conditions - Correct Answer-Actue MI, Hypertension, heart failure, aortic dissection, cardiomyopathy, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, aortic dissection Beta-blockers should be given to patients who have had an acute MI within what time frame - Correct Answer-3 hours What diuretic is preferred in hypertension? - Correct Answer-Thiazide In heart failure, diuretics are given to control - Correct Answer-Pulmonary and peripheral signs and symptoms of congestion Diuretics in hypertension must: - Correct Answer-Provide enough natiuresis (Na+ loss) to shrink fluid volume to some extent Beta 2 Receptors are found in what part of the body - Correct Answer-Bronchials in lungs, vascualr smooth muscle, GI tract, insulin secreting tissue of pancreas Beta 1 receptor blockade causes: - Correct Answer-decrease in HR, conduction, automaticity, contractility Calcium channel blockers blcok entry of calcium through calcium channels in both smooth muscle and myocardium: this leads to: - Correct Answer-less calcium for contractile process, vasodilation and negative inotropic effect Class IC Sodium channel medications Flecainide and Propafenone are: - Correct Answer-Proarrhythmic, used in life threatening ventricular arrhythmias, used in paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardias Amiodarone is categorized on the Vaughan Williams classification as a Class III drug. How does this drug work? - Correct Answer-by prolonging action potential duration, decreasing spontaneous depolarization and affecting phase 4 An adverse effect of all Class III antiarrhythmics is what rhythm - Correct Answer- Torsades de Pointes What does the Vaughan Williams Classification classify? - Correct Answer-Classifies drug actions, not drug class Beta 2 receptors blockade causes - Correct Answer-Bronchoconstriction in lungs, vasoconstriction of arterioles in skeletal muscles, decreased intestinal motility, decreased breakdown of glycogen Class II antiarrhythmics - beta blockers effect which action potential - Correct Answer- pacemaker action potential The most commonly used loop diuretic is - Correct Answer-Furosemide (Lasix) Which drug prolongs the effective reffractory period in all cardiac tissues including accessory pathways. - Correct Answer-Class III Amiodarone Which diuretic is preferred in heart failure? - Correct Answer-Loop diuretic What conditions are beta-blockers contraindicated or used cautiously - Correct Answer- asthma and bronchospastic lung disease, peripheral vascular disease and diabetes Class IB sodium channel medication Lidocaine has adverse effects such as - Correct Answer-confusion and slurred speech Class I antiarrhythmics are: - Correct Answer-Sodium Channel Blockers What does Lidocaine act on? - Correct Answer-Acts on ischemic myocardium, used for suppression of serious ventricular arrhythmias 4 cardiac cell properties - Correct Answer-contractility, automaticity, excitability, conductivity Cardioselective beta-blockers primarily block - Correct Answer-beta 1 receptors Rate pressure product is: - Correct Answer-RPP = HR x SBP Heart rate target for beta-blockers and angina are - Correct Answer-Resting heart rate 55-60 beats per minutes Class I sodium channel blocker medications effect - Correct Answer-both the myocyte action potential and the pacemaker action potential Dobutamine is a preferred inotropic agent in acute heart failure for cardiac medicine or cardiac care unit patient because it - Correct Answer-predominantly has beta 1 effects, increasing cardiac output To decrease blood pressure, all antihypertensives must - Correct Answer-decrease cardiac output or decrease peripheral vascualr resistance Is High Density Lipoprotein cholesterol Good or Bad? - Correct Answer-Good Cholesterol What does HDL do to bad cholesterol? - Correct Answer-Carries it away from artery walls and returns it to the liver for storage Where do bile acids go? - Correct Answer-Unless the bile acids are bound to specific foods and leave via the digestion tract, the liver absorbs the bile acids recycling them The equation for Total Cholesterol is: - Correct Answer-TC = HDL + LDL + TG The three clinical conditions of heart failure are: - Correct Answer-Chronic heart failure, acute heart failure with pulmonary edema, and cardiogenic shock What dysrhythmias are seen with Digoxin toxicity - Correct Answer-AV Blocks, bradyarrhythmias, PVCs in what leads should the QRS complex be negative - Correct Answer-AVR Normal QRS com[;exes should have a width of - Correct Answer-less than 0.12 seconds wide five large boxes on ECG paper is equivalent to how much time - Correct Answer-1 second There is significant artifact in several limb leads on the ECG you are recording. Out of leads 1, 2, and 3, lead 2 has the least artifact. from which limb electrode are you getting the most interference - Correct Answer-LA Ventricular Fibrillation has no - Correct Answer-P waves or QRS complexes Atrial Fibrillation has no - Correct Answer-p waves a Premature atrial beat occurring during the repolarization period of the Right Bundle Branch - Correct Answer-Aberrant Beat Junctional Bradycardia has a heart rate of - Correct Answer-less than 40 bpm a PVC sandwiched between 2 sinus beats without altering the timing - Correct Answer- interpolated PVC Atrial ectopic beat that fell during he refractory period of the AV node - Correct Answer- non-conducted PAC length of time between an ectopic beat and sinus beat preceding it - Correct Answer- coupling interval encapsulated irritable cell not affected by depolarization of other cells - Correct Answer- ventricular parasystole re-entrant circuit of impulses looping within the AV node - Correct Answer-typical AVNRT tachycardia lasting 30 seconds or more - Correct Answer-sustained tachycardia PVCs occurring after 3 sinus beats - Correct Answer-ventricular trigeminy sinus node timing is altered by an ectopic beat - Correct Answer-non-compensatory pause upward depolarization of the atria - Correct Answer-retrograde conduction PVCs originating from 2 or more ectopic foci - Correct Answer-multifocal PVCs Blood clots collecting in the atria are a possible complication of what rhythm? - Correct Answer-Atrial fibrillation conduction to the atria in junctional rhythms is said to be - Correct Answer-retrograde A junctional rhythm with a heart rate of 125 BPM is called - Correct Answer-Junctional tachycardia junctional rhythms originate in the - Correct Answer-AV node in third degree AV block, the site of the block is either the - Correct Answer-Av node or the bundle of HIS The type of AV block characterized by two P waves to each QRS and a constant PR interval is: - Correct Answer-2:1 AV Block AV Blocks with a constant PR interval are - Correct Answer-1st degree AV Block and Mobitz II second degree AV Block Wenchebach is characterized by - Correct Answer-gradually prolonging PR intervals Treatment for third degree AV Block usually includes - Correct Answer-pacemaker Complete heart block is another name for - Correct Answer-third degree AV Block AV dissociation is a hallmark of - Correct Answer-third degree AV block Wenckebach is a type of - Correct Answer-second degree AVB In first degree AVB, the site of the block is the: - Correct Answer-AV node In which kind of AV block do NONE of the sinus impulses reach the ventricles - Correct Answer-Third degree AVB A pause that occurs when one sinus node impulse is not conducted out of the sinus node itself - Correct Answer-sinus exit block What is a trifasicular block - Correct Answer-LPFB/LAFD, RBBB, first degree AVB Indication for a diagnosis of LAFB - Correct Answer-an axis deviation of greater than or equal to -45 degrees a deep slurred S wave in lead 1 is the characteristic pattern seen in patients with - Correct Answer-RBBB an incomplete RBBB is characterized by - Correct Answer-QRS width no greater than 0.11 secs an axis deviation of greater than or equal to +120 is characteristic of - Correct Answer- LPFB a QS pattern in V1 is characteristic of - Correct Answer-LBBB an axis of +120 degrees is - Correct Answer-RAD If the heart's current originates in the left ventricle and travels upward to the right, there would be RAD - Correct Answer-false an example of a bifasicular block - Correct Answer-sinus rhythm with RBBB and LAFB/LPFB In LBBB, the deflections in V1 and V2 are: - Correct Answer-negative Capture is evidenced on the ECG by the presence of - Correct Answer-P waves or QRS complexes following the pacemaker spikes Indications of pacemakers - Correct Answer-idioventricular rhythm, 3rd degree AV block, Mobitz II 2nd degree AVB What does the 5th letter of the pacemaker code stand for? - Correct Answer-Anti- tachycardia function What is meant by 'sensing' - Correct Answer-ability of the pacemaker to recognize beats what does the 4th letter of the pacemaker code stand for - Correct Answer- programmable function What is meant by the pacemaker threshold - Correct Answer-minimum voltage to depolarize the heart the 1st letter position in the pacemaker code describes - Correct Answer-chamber paced a paced ventricular captured beat is similar in appearance to a... - Correct Answer- ventricular beat An AICD is - Correct Answer-an implantable cardiac defibrillator the pacemakers generation of an electrical impulse is represented on the ECG as - Correct Answer-pacer spike confirm that the ECG conforms to the standard format - Correct Answer-calibration Mobitz 1 is also called - Correct Answer-Wenckebach repolarization abnormality in ventricular hypertrophy - Correct Answer-strain pattern LAE has what kind of p wave - Correct Answer-P mitrale atrial or ventricular ectopic beats that comes in pairs - Correct Answer-couplets impulses spread backwards through the atria from the AVN causing negative P waves in lead II and positive in AVR - Correct Answer-retrograde conduction twisting of the points in VT - Correct Answer-Torsade de pointes nonspecific ventricular conduction delay - Correct Answer-IVCD idioventricular rhythm has a heart rate of - Correct Answer-20-40 bpm atrial rate can be calculated by counting - Correct Answer-the p-p intervals the type of AVB characterized by two p waves to each QRS and a constant PR interval is - Correct Answer- If artifact is present in leads I, II and AVR, the most likely source of the artifact is the - Correct Answer-right arm What is the rate for ventricular tachycardia - Correct Answer-120-250bpm What is the rate for sinus rhythm - Correct Answer-60-100bpm What is the rate for junctional rhythm - Correct Answer-40-60bpm What is the rate for accelerated idioventricular rhythm - Correct Answer-40-100bpm What is the rate for atrial flutter atrial rate - Correct Answer-250-350bpm What is the rate for atrial fibrillation atrial rate - Correct Answer-400-600bpm A Pause that occurs when one sinus node impulse is not conducted out of the sinus node itself is - Correct Answer-sinus exit block atrial fibrillation is - Correct Answer-irregular a regular rhythm with narrow QRS complexes, indistinguishable P waves, and a heart rate of 155 would be consistent with - Correct Answer-supraventricular tachycardia A junctional escape beat is a beat from the - Correct Answer-AV junction Ventricular fibrillation has what effect on the cardiac output - Correct Answer-causes cardiac output to stop completely The most common cause for the P wave, QRS complex, and T wave to be inverted in lead I is - Correct Answer-incorrect lead placement Appropriate treatment for asystole - Correct Answer-CPR, oxygen, pacemaker In which rhythm, is decreased cardiac output most likely to be a concern - Correct Answer-junctional bradycardia LBBB is an indication of - Correct Answer-heart disease LBBB is characterized by - Correct Answer-a deep S wave in V1, and wide QRS complexes If the patient's rhythm changes, you should first - Correct Answer-assess your patient for possible signs of decreased cardiac output The difference between wandering atrial pacemaker and multifocal atrial tachycardia is - Correct Answer-multifocal atrial tachycardia has a faster heart rate An axis of -45 degrees and a negative QRS complex in Lead II would indicate - Correct Answer-LAH Shortening the QT interval is suggestive of - Correct Answer-Hypercalcemia When paper speed is increased to 50mm/sec it will cause the QRS complexes to appear - Correct Answer-further apart What is the criteria for diagnosis of BBB - Correct Answer-QRS 0.12 seconds or greater If you see muscle tremor artifact on an ECG, what is that called - Correct Answer- Somatic tremor chest pressure or pain caused by cardiac ischemia is called - Correct Answer-angina augmented voltage leads are - Correct Answer-AV leads obstruction of blood flow due to artherosclerosis is called - Correct Answer-occlusion abnormal condition in which the heart is situated on the right side - Correct Answer- Dextrocardia Amount of time the electrical impulses travel from the endocardium to the epicardium is called - Correct Answer-Ventricular Activation Time (VAT) magnitude and direction of impulses to cause myocardial depolarization - Correct Answer-vector precordial lead in which the negative and positive components of the ECG are of almost equal amplitude - Correct Answer-transitional lead What causes WPW - Correct Answer-bundle of Kent occurs due to pericardial effusion - Correct Answer-electrical alternans pacemaker programmed parameter to inhibit pacing allowing the heart to beat on its own - Correct Answer-hysteresis chest pain occurring at night - Correct Answer-nocturnal angina failure of pacemaker to detect intrinsic beat - Correct Answer-undersensing minimum amount of energy necessary to cause myocardial depolarization - Correct Answer-pacemaker threshold suggest pulmonary embolism in 12 lead ECG - Correct Answer-S1Q3T3 Extreme RAD is a common observation in which arrhythmia - Correct Answer- ventricular tachycardia Occlusion of the right coronary artery may cause - Correct Answer-inferior ischemia what is the genetic condition showing RBBB pattern with ST elevation in V1-V3 that may cause sudden nocturnal death - Correct Answer-Brugada Syndrome ST segment elevation of long standing (weeks/months) is suggestive of - Correct Answer-ventricular aneurysm what combination of conduction issues could be part of a trifasicular block - Correct Answer-RBBB, 1st degree AVB, LAFB/LPFB The blanking period of the pacemaker reflects - Correct Answer-short interval of time that the device cannot sense any events