Download Breast Cancer Screening: Guidelines, Procedures, and Anatomy and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!
1 - MTMI (Patient Care, Anatomy &
Physiology) questions with correct answers
Patient Care: Who set this guideline? Women ages _____ to _____ consult with their physician so they can give "informed consent" - Answer✓✓ 40 - 44 *Note this guideline is for women of average risk ACS - American Cancer Society Patient Care: Who set this guideline? Women ages _____ to _____ should undergo annual screening mammography. - Answer✓✓ 45 - 54 *Note this guideline is for women of average risk ACS - American Cancer Society Patient Care: Who set this guideline? Women ages _____ and older can transition to every-other-year OR continue annual screening mammography. - Answer✓✓ 55 *Note this guideline is for women of average risk ACS - American Cancer Society
Patient Care: Who set this guideline? Women should continue screening mammography as long as their overall health is good, and they have a life expectancy of ______ years or longer. - Answer✓✓ 10 *Note this guideline is for women of average risk ACS - American Cancer Society Patient Care: What 2 breast exams don't have any recommendations from the ACS - American Cancer Society? - Answer✓✓ self breast exams clinical breast exams *Note this guideline is for women of average risk Patient Care: Who set this guideline? What age should annual screening mammography begin for women with average- risk of breast cancer? - Answer✓✓ 40 years of age ACR - American College of Radiology Patient Care: Who set this guideline?
Patient Care: Should women be familiar with how their breast normally look and feel and report any changes to a health care provider right away? - Answer✓✓ Yes Patient Care: Who is at high risk for breast cancer?
- Radiation to the chest between ages _____ & ______
- _______ gene mutation
- First degree relative of _______ carrier
- Increased ___________ risk as defined by a breast cancer risk calculator
- _________ breast tissue
- Abnormal _________ biopsy - Answer✓✓ 10, 30 BRCA BRCA lifetime dense breast Patient Care: What are some information that is gathered on the patient history sheet? - Answer✓✓ - current issues
- hormone use
- hysterectomy
- LMP or menopausal
- personal hx of cancer
- family hx of cancer
- gene testing
- surgery history Patient Care: The patient history sheet should be documented in the ______ person. It should include the _________ tolerance, any inabilities due to the patients _______, and ___________ seen. - Answer✓✓ 3rd, compression, habitus, abnormalities Patient Care: Remind the patient to remove _________, __________, and _________ prior to a mammography screening? - Answer✓✓ deodorant, lotion, powder Patient Care: When a patient leaves on deodorant for a mammogram what will it mimic? - Answer✓✓ microcalcifications Patient Care: What are the different markers that can be used during a mammography exam? (5)
- Answer✓✓ mole, scar, nipple, square, and triangle Patient Care: What is a mole marker used for and how many can be used in one exam? - Answer✓✓ It's a round shaped markers used to mark raised moles or skin tags on a patients breast. You can use up to 7 in 1 exam. After 7 are used you will need to record the other ones in the patient's record. Patient Care:
- shows radiologist changes in breast tissue
- helps tech locate areas for diagnostic work up Patient Care: What does CBE stand for? - Answer✓✓ clinical breast exam Patient Care: What does SBE stand for? - Answer✓✓ self breast exam Patient Care: When should a SBE be done? - Answer✓✓ 1 week after the menstrual period ends Patient Care: When should a SBE done for a woman that doesn't have a menstrual cycle? - Answer✓✓ one the same date of each month Patient Care: What are the 3 different methods to do a SBE? How should the the SBE be done? - Answer✓✓ - wedge
- spiral
- up and down Use the 2-4 pad of the fingers with a light & deep touch. Check the upper half of the breast upright and the lower half in a spine position. Always look and feel for changes. Patient Care:
Who performs a CBE on patients and what are they checking for? - Answer✓✓ physician or NP to locate lump or thickening. Checks axillary and clavicular lymph nodes. Patient Care: What are the 9 signs and symptoms with a breast exam? - Answer✓✓ - pain
- lump
- thickening
- nipple dischage
- nipple & areolar changes
- edema (swelling)
- erythema (redness)
- dimpling Patient Care:
- Pain is not typically associated with ________ _________. - Answer✓✓ breast cancer Patient Care:
- When do women experience "tenderness" in 1 or both breast? - Answer✓✓ sometimes during a normal menstrual cycle Patient Care:
- Pain that is focal less than a ____________ of tissue and severe is a concern. *These patient's will go on for further testing. - Answer✓✓ quadrant
- thickening
- puckering
- nipple retraction or inversion
- redness (erythema) or warmth
- itching or burning
- swelling (edema) Patient Care: What type of nipple is this?
- appear to be indented in your areola, instead of standing up.
- it's a condition that you are born with and doesn't mean you have breast cancer.
- Can be coaxed out with some stimulation, plastic surgery can also be performed to reverse this. - Answer✓✓ inverted nipple Patient Care: What type of nipple is this?
- when the nipple starts out as raised tissue but begins to pull inward, change position or folds in on itself into a narrow crease.
- this nipple will not come out when stimulated.
- can be cause by aging, duct ectasia (dilation or distention of a tubular structure), or breast cancer. - Answer✓✓ retracted nipple Anatomy, Physiology & Pathology: What is the largest organ in the human body? - Answer✓✓ skin Anatomy, Physiology & Pathology:
What is the function of the skin to the human body? - Answer✓✓ protection Anatomy, Physiology & Pathology: Where is the skin of the breast the thickest? How thick? - Answer✓✓ base 2 mm Anatomy, Physiology & Pathology: Where is the skin of the breast the thinnest? How thin? - Answer✓✓ nipple 0.5 mm Anatomy, Physiology & Pathology: What are the 3 skin layers of the breast?
- _________ - outer layer
- ________ - middle layer. What does is consist of?
- ________ - inner layer - Answer✓✓ - Epidermis
- Dermis - consist of blood vessels, elastin fibers, lymphatic channels, oil/sweat glands.
- Hypodermis Anatomy, Physiology & Pathology: What is the circular colored skin around the nipple called? What is the average diameter? What does this area consist of? - Answer✓✓ areolar 4-5 cm nipples, montgomery glands and hair folicles
Anatomy, Physiology & Pathology: What are the 4 margins of the breast? - Answer✓✓ 1. superior - clavicle (breast attaches at 2nd or 3rd rib)
- inferior - inframammary crease (breast attaches at 6th or 7th rib)
- medial - sternum
- lateral - mid-axillary line Anatomy, Physiology & Pathology: What are the 4 quadrants for the RT & LT breast? - Answer✓✓ RIGHT BREAST:
- RUOQ - right upper outer quadrant
- RUIQ - right upper inner quadrant
- RLOQ - right lower outer quadrant
- RLIQ - right lower inner quadrant LEFT BREAST:
- LUIQ - left upper inner quadrant
- LUOQ - left upper outer quadrant
- LLIQ - left lower inner quadrant
- LLOQ - left lower outer quadrant Anatomy, Physiology & Pathology: What are the clock position for the RT & LT breast? - Answer✓✓ RIGHT BREAST: (clock wise) Top - 12:
Medial - 3: Bottom - 6: Lateral - 9: LEFT BREAST: (clock wise) Top - 12: Medial - 9: Bottom - 6: Lateral - 3: *the clock position can different ranges ie: 1:30 or 1-3 and so forth) Anatomy, Physiology & Pathology: What are the different depths and where are they located of the breast? - Answer✓✓ anterior central posterior base Anatomy, Physiology & Pathology: What are some features of internal breast anatomy? - Answer✓✓ - fascial layer
- pectoralis muscle
- retro-mammary space (adipose/fatty tissue)
- glandular tissues (lobes)
- lymphatic vessels
Pectoralis Muscle, Facial layers & Retro-mammary space: Where and what attaches the breast firmly to the body? - Answer✓✓ deep fascia via suspensory ligaments (aka cooper's ligaments) Anatomy, Physiology & Pathology: Pectoralis Muscle, Facial layers & Retro-mammary space: The pectoralis muscle is only seen ______ - _______% on CC projections. - Answer✓✓ 30, 40 Anatomy, Physiology & Pathology: The extension of breast tissue that extends into the axilla is called? (it goes by 2 names) - Answer✓✓ axillary tail or tail of spence Anatomy, Physiology & Pathology: Where is the largest portion of glandular tissue located in the breast and where does it extend to? This is also where the largest number of cancers are found! - Answer✓✓ central & upper quadrant of the breast and extends into the tail of spence Anatomy, Physiology & Pathology:
What is the name of the ligaments that run under the skin of the breast, through & around the breast tissue? - Answer✓✓ suspensory aka Cooper's ligaments Anatomy, Physiology & Pathology: What are the suspensory (Cooper's) ligaments largely responsible for? What is the major role for these ligaments? - Answer✓✓ - maintaining the shape & configuration of the breast
- preventing breast ptosis (sagging) Anatomy, Physiology & Pathology: Can the suspensory (Cooper's) ligaments show up on a mammogram? If so what view? - Answer✓✓ - Yes *appears as lines from skin projecting to chest wall)
- Hard to see unless on a lateral, MLO or in a dense tissue breasts. (*easy to see on an US) Anatomy, Physiology & Pathology: Breast Tissue Types & Mammary Gland & Ducts: What tissue holds milk producing cells? - Answer✓✓ glandular tissue (aka mammary glands) Anatomy, Physiology & Pathology: Breast Tissue Types & Mammary Gland & Ducts:
Many breast lumps turn out to be caused by ________ tissue changes and/or _________, these changes are sometimes called fibrocystic changes, and used to be called fibrocystic disease. - Answer✓✓ fibrous, cysts Anatomy, Physiology & Pathology: Breast Tissue Types & Mammary Gland & Ducts:
- Each mammary gland consists of a series of _________ that produce milk. - Answer✓✓ lobes Anatomy, Physiology & Pathology: Breast Tissue Types & Mammary Gland & Ducts:
- The mammary gland consists of a series of lobes that produce milk and within the lobes are _________ which connect to the __________ ducts. The ducts are responsible for delivering the milk to the _______. - Answer✓✓ lobules lactiferous nipple Anatomy, Physiology & Pathology: Breast Tissue Types & Mammary Gland & Ducts:
- The breast consist of _____ - _____ lobes.
- Lobes appear as tree-like structures with multiple branches. (grape like)
- Each individual lobe consists of many _________ (grapes). They vary in size during life due to __________ changes. - Answer✓✓ 15, 20 lobules
hormone Anatomy, Physiology & Pathology: Ducts of the breast histology: What type of duct is this?
- aka: segmental duct
- It's the duct outside the lobule and connects to the lactiferous duct just inside the nipple. - Answer✓✓ extra-lobular terminal duct Anatomy, Physiology & Pathology: Ducts of the breast histology: What type of duct is this?
- aka: sub-degmental duct
- it's the duct inside the lobule - Answer✓✓ intra-lobular terminal duct Anatomy, Physiology & Pathology: Ducts of the breast histology: What type of duct is this?
- together the lobule and the extra-lobular terminal duct makes the TDLU (specifically where cancer begins) - Answer✓✓ terminal ductal lobular unit Anatomy, Physiology & Pathology: Breast Tissue Types & Mammary Gland & Ducts:
