100 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS CNOR PRACTICE EXAM 2023-2024 GRADED A+, Exams of Nursing

Download 100 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS CNOR PRACTICE EXAM 2023-2024 GRADED A+ and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! 100 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS CNOR PRACTICE EXAM 2023- Aseptic technique is also known as: A. Clean technique B. Sterile technique C. Sterilization D. Decontamination - A. Clean technique Aseptic technique refers to clean methods of containing microbial contamination in the environment. The environment cannot be sterilized. An intrinsic factor that contributes to the development of a pressure injury is: A. Pressure B. Hypothermia C. Diabetes mellitus D. General anesthesia - C. Diabetes mellitus An intrinsic factor is related to the health of the patient. Diabetes mellitus is an intrinsic factor that contributes to the development of a pressure injury. Which of the following helps determine a patient's discharge destination? A. Written discharge instructions from anesthesiology and medical staff B. Risk of postoperative complications C. Standardized pain scoring D. General condition and readiness for discharge - B. Risk of postoperative complications The choice of discharge site is based on patient acuity, access to follow-up care, and the potential for postoperative complications. Central nervous system (CNS) signs and symptoms of local anesthetic systemic toxicity (LAST) include: A. Hypertension B. Numbness of lips and tongue C. Respiratory depression D. Elevated temperature - B. Numbness of lips and tongue Maintaining storage temperatures within recommended parameters of -4*F (-20*C) helps ensure that autografts are maintained in optimal conditions for successful replantation. CNS symptoms of LAST include circumoral and tongue numbness. All other options are not considered part of the CNS. Autologous bone grafts should be stored at a temperature of: A. 68*F (20*C) B. 32*F (0*C) C. -4*F (-20*C) D. -112*F (-80*C) - C. -4*F (-20*C) When providing patient education for a child, it is important to understand which learning characteristics of children? A. Children are self-directed B. Children use intrinsic thought processes C. Children respond to use of activities that follow transitions of maturity. D. Children respond to a trial-and-error approach - D. Children respond to a trial-and-error approach When teaching children, using a trial-and-error approach is effective. Child learners are task- oriented, use extrinsic thought processes, and value self-esteem. Which of the following actions would decrease radiation exposure during fluoroscopy procedures? A. Positioning the patient as close to the tube as possible B. Positioning the patient as far from the image intensifier as possible C. Positioning the patient as far from the monitor as possible D. Positioning the patient as close to the image intensifier as possible - D. Positioning the patient as close to the image intensifier as possible The x-ray beams originate from the tube and are captured by the image intensifier. Multiple studies have demonstrated that positioning the patient closer to the image intensifier results in a significantly decreased dose of radiation. A perioperative nurse is assisting an anesthesia professional with a rapid-sequence induction by providing cricoid pressure using the Sellick maneuver. Which of the following is the most appropriate description of this technique? A. Exerting down-and-up pressure on the cricoid cartilage to compress the trachea A. 10 g/dL to 14 g/dL B. 12 g/dL to 16 g/dL C. 14 g/dL to 18 g/dL Scientific nursing interventions, critical thinking and clinical reasoning, and caring, comforting behaviors are at the heart of perioperative nursing. Critical thinking is a thoughtful process important in the performance of perioperative nursing care versus being part of the nursing process. A hemoglobin value considered to be within normal limits for an adult woman is: D. 16 g/dL to 20 g/dL - B. 12 g/dL to 16 g/dL Normal hemoglobin values are 12 g/dL to 16 g/dL for women and 14 g/dL to 18 g/dL for men. What technique is the safest to use when securing the arms at the patient's sides? A. Drawing a sheet under the arms, over the patient, and using non-penetrating clamps to secure it to the opposite side B. Drawing a sheet over the arm and then sliding it between the mattress and the bed C. Drawing a sheet over the arm and tucking it between the patient and the mattress D. Wrapping the patient's arm with padding and securing it to the body with a safety strap - C. Drawing a sheet over the arm and tucking it between the patient and the mattress A safe and effective way to prevent nerve injury of the upper extremities is to secure the patient's arms by smoothly wrapping the draw sheet over the arm and then tucking it under the patient's body to prevent arm slippage during surgery. Which of the following intraoperative medication orders would prompt a perioperative nurse to have a urinary catheter readily available? A. Levetiracetam 1gm IV after incision B. Cefepime 2g/100mL IV infusion within 30 minutes of incision C. Ketorolac 20mg IV push before incision D. Mannitol 10% 10g/100mL after incision - D. Mannitol 10% 10g/100mL after incision Hypertonic mannitol is a nonosmotic diuretic that is often used during brain surgery to promote diuresis and therefore decrease intracranial pressure. Which of the following is defined as the process of teaching adults? A. Pedagogy B. Andragogy C. Cognition One type of point-of-use cleaning of a surgical instrument is when the instrument is cleaned with a sterile, water-soaked sponge after each use during the procedure. Point-of-use cleaning also occurs when an instrument is cleaned at the point of use immediately following the D. Orientation - B. Andragogy Teaching and learning processes related to mature adults are known as andragogy. Personal protective equipment that must be worn when mixing and inserting methyl methacrylate bone cement includes: A. Head coverings B. Latex gloves C. Googles D. Shoe covers - C. Googles Methyl methacrylate can penetrate many latex compounds. Methyl methacrylate fumes may irritate the eyes; therefore, eye protection must be worn when mixing and inserting methyl methacrylate bone cement. PPE is defined as any clothing or other equipment that protects a person from exposure to chemicals. PPE may include gloves, aprons, chemical splash goggles, and impervious clothing. Which of the following nursing actions would be best support a positive outcome for a nursing diagnosis of potential for alteration in skin integrity? A. Place a warming blanket on the OR bed prior to the patient coming into the operating room B. Obtain an appropriate positioning device that will aid in redistribution of pressure C. Place several layers of linen material on the OR bed D. Position the patient in a supine position with arms tucked at sides and palms facing down to protect the ulcer nerve - B. Obtain an appropriate positioning device that will aid in redistribution of pressure Warming blankets and extra layers of material should not be placed under the patient. The goal is to use equipment that is designed to redistribute pressure and that decreases the risk for positioning injuries. Palms should face the patient when the arms are tucked. Which of the following describes point-of-use cleaning of a surgical instrument? A. Prior to the procedure, the instrument is cleaned with a moist sponge B. During the procedure, the instrument is cleaned with a moist sponge after each use C. After the procedure, the instrument is cleaned with a moist sponge in the sterile processing area D. Continually clean the instrument with a sponge moistened with saline - B. During the procedure, the instrument is cleaned with a moist sponge after each use For perioperative patients, nursing diagnoses that consider a patient at risk for an outcome mean the problem has not yet occurred, and the interventions are directed at prevention. procedure. Saline should not be used for point-of-care cleaning. Cleaning at the point of use prevents bioburden from building up on the instrument and helps maintain the life of the instrument. Venous air embolism is most likely to occur when the patient is in the position. A. Supine B. Sitting C. Lithotomy D. Lateral - B. Sitting Venous air embolism can occur when air or gas is drawn into the circulation by the veins above the level of the heart and is most likely to occur during neurosurgery or open shoulder surgery in the sitting or semi-sitting position. A subjective sign of the existence and intensity of postoperative pain is the patient's: A. Self-report B. Change in blood pressure C. Facial expression D. Protective guarding behavior - A. Self-report A subjective sign is what the patient states. Objective signs include results from physical assessment or observation. A nursing diagnosis that considers a patient is at risk means the nursing interventions: A. Are directed at prevention B. Will not affect the patient's outcome C. Should be performed only as needed D. May put the patients at risk - A. Are directed at prevention Signs of a blood transfusion reaction include which of the following? A. Hypotension, hemoglobinuria, hyperthermia B. Weak pulse, hemoglobinuria, hypertension C. Hypothermia, weak pulse, tachycardia D. Hypothermia, hemoglobinuria, tachycardia - A. Hypotension, hemoglobinuria, hyperthermia A coworker in the operating room asks to see the patient's chart for the nurse's next case, stating that the patient is her neighbor. The nurse should: A. State this would be a violation of the patient's privacy B. Hand over the patient's chart because they are neighbors C. Consult with the doctor about letting the coworker see the chart D. Ask their director to make the decision - A. State this would be a violation of the patient's privacy The federal Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) granted patients significant rights in respect to how their health information is used. Only health care personnel involved in direct patient care should have access to patient information. Surgery of the liver requires incising the external covering referred to as: A. Glisson's capsule B. Gerota's fascia C. Porta hepatis D. Hepatic fascia - A. Glisson's capsule The covering of the liver is made up of dense connective tissue called Glisson's capsule. Which of the following is the most appropriate recommendation for hair removal prior to surgery? A. A depilatory should be used in the operating room B. The patient should shave at home the night before surgery C. A wet shave should be done in the operating room D. The patient's hair should be clipped in the preoperative area - D. The patient's hair should be clipped in the preoperative area When necessary, hair at the surgical site should be removed in the area outside of the procedure room and in a manner that minimizes injury to the skin, such as by clipping or depilatory methods. Joey is a 4-year-old scheduled to have surgery. During preoperative teaching, the perioperative nurse knows that Joey's age-specific needs can best be met by: A. Allowing his parent or caregiver to explain what will happen B. Providing him privacy whenever possible C. Allowing him to handle the oxygen mask and ride in the wagon that will later take him to the OR D. Giving him a thorough explanation of everything that will happen - C. Allowing him to handle the oxygen mask and ride in the wagon that will later take him to the OR The threshold between flammable and combustible solutions is the flash point of 100.0*F, with flammable ones being below this temperature and combustible ones being above. All saturated flammable solutions should be removed prior to draping the patient. Fumes from volatile or combustible solutions may ignite without a direct connection to the source of ignition. The preschooler needs to explore and interact with his environment. Allowing him to familiarize himself ahead of time with some objects he may encounter can help ease anxiety. "Flammable" antiseptic solutions differ from "combustible" ones in that: A. Flammable solutions have a flash point above 101.5*F B. Flammable solutions will not ignite C. Combustible solutions have a flash point above 100.0*F D. Combustible solutions will not ignite - C. Combustible solutions have a flash point above 100.0*F Which of the following is the most important action by the circulating nurse to reduce specimen error? A. Seeking clarification from the surgeon about the specimen site and side B. Calling the laboratory to confirm the proper storage solution for the specimen C. Asking the scrub person to verify the specimen D. Paging the surgical assistant postoperatively to identify the specimen - A. Seeking clarification from the surgeon about the specimen site and side The surgeon is the person with the most accurate information about the site/side of the specimen, how the specimen should be handled (eg, specific storage solution), and what kinds of tests should be requested of the pathology department. Using the nursing process, nursing interventions lead to: A. Planning B. Implementation C. Assessment D. Outcome identification - D. Outcome identification Outcome identification describes the desired patient condition that can be achieved through nursing interventions. Which of the following statements on wearing safety glasses is true? A. Eye protection must be worn if splashes, spray, or droplets of potentially hazardous materials can be reasonably anticipated B. Corrective lenses fulfill the personal protective equipment requirements for ocular safety C. Safety glasses enhance the visual field of the wearer D. Wearers of corrective lenses are not permitted to wear either contacts or eyeglasses with their safety glasses - A. Eye protection must be worn if splashes, spray, or droplets of potentially hazardous materials can be reasonably anticipated Health care personnel must wear eye protection when splashes, spray, spatter, or droplets of blood or other potentially infectious materials can be reasonably anticipated. When delegating a task, the circulating nurse should: A.Verify the task is within the scope of practice of the designee B. Provide a minimum of instructions on how to complete the task C. Give feedback to the designee based on personal experiences D. Assume the designee has the skills to perform the task - A.Verify the task is within the scope of practice of the designee When delegating tasks, the circulating nurse must verify that the person being assigned the task can perform them within their scope of practice. Clear instructions and appropriate feedback are vital to ensuring safe execution of the task being delegated. A medication that should be administered for treatment of local anesthetic systemic toxicity crisis is: A. Lidocaine B. Epinephrine C. 20% Lipid emulsion D. Propofol - C. 20% Lipid emulsion A medication that should be administered for treatment of local anesthetic systemic toxicity is 20% lipid emulsion. The lipid emulsion is used to draw the local anesthetic out of the bloodstream. Hospital policy should include the requirement of PPE for all personnel that are likely to come in contact with blood or infectious materials based on: A. OSHA regulations B. TJC standards C. AORN Guidelines D. CDC recommendations - A. OSHA regulations OSHA regulations require the use of PPE for any person that may encounter blood or infectious materials. Hospital policy must comply with the OSHA regulations. Policies and procedures for standardized transfer of care should reflect rules and recommendations from regulatory agencies and accreditation agencies as well as: During the preoperative assessment of an 82-year-old malnourished woman, the RN circulator determines that the patient is at an increased risk of: A. Postoperative hyperthermia B. Unplanned hypothermia C. Ineffective peripheral tissue perfusion D. Excess fluid volume - B. Unplanned hypothermia The preoperative patient assessment should include factors that may contribute to unplanned hypothermia, including patient-related factors such as age (ie, above 65 years of age), sex (ie, female), low body-surface area or weight, and preexisting medical conditions (eg, malnourishment). Gelatin pads used for hemostatic absorb in: A. 7 to 10 days B. 10 to 20 days C. 20 to 40 days D. 60 to 90 days - C. 20 to 40 days Absorbable gelatin is treated to retard absorption, which allows the hemostatic agent to absorb 20 to 40 days after placement. The gelatin pad absorbs 40 times its weight and may be used wet or dry. A collection of blood in a body cavity or space caused by uncontrolled bleeding or oozing is called: A. Hematoma B. Pseudoaneurysm C. Varicosity D. Contusion - A. Hematoma Hematomas form when there is uncontrolled bleeding or oozing into a body space or cavity. The hematoma may cause pain and require drainage. A. A contingency plan should a patient's status change B. Verbal confirmation via read-back of cardiac monitoring and oxygen needs C. Use of a checklist to ensure all parameters for transfer of patient care have been met D. Approval of regulatory agencies for transfer of patient care processes, as documented in the institution's policies and procedures - A. A contingency plan should a patient's status change Should a patient's status change, having a contingency plan in place has been shown to improve the effectiveness of the transfer of patient information in settings with high consequence for failure. A perioperative nurse is reviewing a patient's chart and notes that the patient will undergo a brain biopsy for symptoms of progressive dementia. Which of the following suspected pathogens would prompt the nurse to take additional actions during the perioperative period of this patient's care? A. Treponema pallidum bacteria B. Culex triaeniorhynchus virus C. Neuro-Cutaneous Leishmania protozoa D. Proteinaceous prion - D. Proteinaceous prion Prions are proteinaceous infectious agents that are resistant to routine sterilization and disinfection practices. When a discrepancy is identified in the surgical count, the perioperative RN should: A. Organize the sterile field B. Perform a methodical wound exploration C. Remain in the room until the item is found D. Call for assistance - D. Call for assistance When a discrepancy is identified in the count, the perioperative RN should call for assistance. The scrub person should organize the sterile field. The surgeon and first assistant should perform a methodical wound exploration. The surgeon should remain in the room until the item is found or determined not to be in the patient. A health care industry representative should: A. Not participate in direct patient care B. Bring additional equipment that was not requested C. Check in with materials management D. Open requested implants - A. Not participate in direct patient care Sales representatives should never participate in patient care and must not enter the sterile field. Only the requested equipment is brought in, and sales representatives must check in and out with the appropriate hospital staff. Which of the following demonstrates nursing professional development? A. Arriving to work on time every day B. Assisting with room turnover between cases C. Helping a coworker with his portfolio D. Achieving certification - D. Achieving certification Certification is defined as documented verification of an individual's professional achievement of knowledge and skill in identified standards. The ANA supports certification as part of the individual nurse's professional development. The perioperative nurse identifies the patient's medical history in which phase of the nursing process? A. Assessment B. Diagnosis C. Planning D. Evaluation - A. Assessment Assessment is the collection and analysis of relevant health data about the patient. Most complications occur within the first _ after surgery. A. 4 hours B. 12 hours C. 48 hours D. 72 hours - C. 48 hours Most complications occur within the first 48 hours after surgery; therefore, a registered nurse should call to check on the patient's progress and to reiterate postoperative instructions the next day or, at most, within 2 days of discharge. The hand-over/hand-off report should be a standardized transfer of patient information from the current caregiver to the receiving caregiver. Strategies to avoid breakdown in hand-over communication include: A. Ensuring that the person reporting has had a rest break B. Documenting the unit personnel receiving the report C. Using a standardized documentation format such as SBAR (Situation, Background, Assessment, Recommendation) D. Asking the anesthesia professional to confirm accuracy of the hand-over report - C. Using a standardized documentation format such as SBAR (Situation, Background, Assessment, Recommendation) A standardized format for passing on crucial patient information from the operative staff to the staff of the receiving unit (eg, PACU staff) facilitates communication. Communication breakdown is the root cause of many sentinel events according to The Joint Commission. A. 15% to 60% B. 15% to 70% C. 20% to 60% A. 21% B. 22% C. 26% Postoperative phone calls to the patient: A. Should be documented on the intraoperative record B. Should be made after the first week to accurately assess for complications C. Should not be part of a quality improvement initiative due to possible HIPAA violations D. Can be used to measure patient satisfaction - D. Can be used to measure patient satisfaction Postoperative phone calls can be used to measure patient satisfaction, outcomes, and QI data. The relative humidity in a restricted area should be maintained within a range of: D. 20% to 70% - C. 20% to 60% The relative humidity in a restricted area should be maintained within a range of 20% to 60%. What are the five rights of delegation? A. Right task, right circumstances, right practice, right communication and direction, and right supervision and evaluation B. Right task, right circumstances, right person, right communication and direction, and supervision and evidence C. Right task, right circumstances, right person, right communication and direction, and supervision and evaluation D. Right assignment, right circumstances, right person, right communication and direction, and right supervision and evaluation - C. Right task, right circumstances, right person, right communication and direction, and supervision and evaluation The Five Rights of Delegation are the right task, right circumstances, right person, right communication and direction, and right supervision and evaluation. Perioperative nurses must continually be involved in the assessment, evaluation, and judgment needed for perioperative patient care. An oxygen-enriched environment is present when the oxygen concentration in the operating room is greater than: D. 28% - A. 21% An oxygen-enriched environment is present when the oxygen concentration is greater than 21% by volume. In an oxygen-enriched environment, the temperature and energy required for fuels to ignite is lower than that of ambient or medical environments. Which of the following forms of protection is not considered part of standard precautions? A. Gloves B. Eye protection C. Head covers D. Sharps safety - C. Head covers Standard precautions include gloves, masks, eye protection, face shields, and sharps to avoid injury and contamination. Head covers are not impervious, are considered as part of the surgical attire, and are not part of standard precautions. Oxidized cellulose is a hemostatic agent that is absorbable but is contraindicated to be left in place after closure on: A. Bone B. Organs C. Vessels D. Ovaries - A. Bone Oxidized cellulose left on bone inhibits regrowth and can interfere with healing. When a surgical item is left in the patient, which of the following is a potential result of ensuing litigation? A. The surgical team could be found guilty of assault and battery B. The surgical team could be found liable under the doctrine of respondent superior ("let the master answer") C. The facility could be found liable under the doctrine of corporate negligence D. The surgical team could be found liable under the doctrine of res ipsa loquitur ("the thing speaks for itself") - D. The surgical team could be found liable under the doctrine of res ipsa loquitur ("the thing speaks for itself") Res ipsa loquitur ("the thing speaks for itself") is a doctrine likely to be involved in cases involving retained surgical items, to prove medical negligence and making the litigation nearly indefensible. Corrective measures that may be implemented based on a multidisciplinary risk assessment following a variance in the parameters of the heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC) system include: A. Taking no action B. Discarding all disposable surgical supplies C. Terminal cleaning of the entire perioperative area D. Inventorying all perioperative supplies - A. Taking no action Based on the risk assessment, corrective measures may include rescheduling or redirecting procedures to areas of the surgical suite where the HVAC system is functioning within parameters, delaying elective procedures, limiting surgical procedures to emergency procedures only, closing the affected OR(s), or taking no action. Discarding disposable surgical supplies, terminal cleaning of the perioperative area, and inventorying perioperative supplies are measures that may be taken to restore the surgical suite to full function after the HVAC system variance has been restored. Marking the surgical site for procedures that involve laterality: A. Should be performed after the patient is anesthetized and positioned in the OR B. Can use different methodology depending on surgeon preference C. Should use marking that is clear and unambiguous D. Can be performed by any member of the surgical team - C. Should use marking that is clear and unambiguous Marking the surgical site must occur so that the intended site of incision or insertion is clear and unambiguous. Procedures that involve left/right distinction, multiple structures, or multiple levels (spinal surgery) require specific marking. Initials, a "yes," or a line at or near the incision site are all acceptable examples of unambiguous marking. The marking methodology should be consistently used throughout the facility. When using a medical interpreter to speak with a patient, the perioperative nurse should: A. Maintain eye contact with the interpreter B. Speak loudly to ensure understanding C. Talk directly to the patient D. Smile at the interpreter for reassurance - C. Talk directly to the patient Speaking directly to the patient shows respect for the patient and allows the perioperative nurse to view body language and facial expression. The perioperative nurse should also speak slowly, use simple language, avoid raising their voice, and obtain verbal feedback to be certain the patient understands. Which of the following factors should be considered when selecting products for use in the operating room? A. Indirect costs and reimbursement potential B. Reimbursement potential and group purchasing organization contract pricing A. 22 kg/m B. 28 kg/m C. 30 kg/m C. It is well suited for closing skin edges D. It is a synthetic absorbable suture produced from strands of polymers - B. It should be used immediately after removal from the packet Surgical gut suture is wet-packaged in an alcohol solution to provide maximal pliability and should be used immediately after removal from the packet. When a gut suture is removed from its packet and is not used at once, the alcohol evaporates, which causes the strand to lose its pliability. The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) is one of the 12 agencies within the Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS). They are committed to safety and quality, effectiveness, and: A. Equality B. Culture C. Public information D. Efficiency - D. Efficiency The overall focus of AHRQ activities is: safety and quality, effectiveness, and efficiency. Safety and quality reduces the risk of harm. Effectiveness improves healthcare outcomes with the use of research. Efficiency then transforms research into practice. A body mass index (BMI) equal to or above kg/m is considered obese. D. 40 kg/m - C. 30 kg/m A patient is not clinically obese until the BMI is over 30 kg/m. BMI equal to or above 40 kg/m is considered extremely obese. A surgical blood loss of 750mL to 1,500mL is categorized as: A. Minor B. Moderate C. Major D. Catastrophic - B. Moderate Blood loss is categorized at four different levels. A surgical blood loss of 750 mL to 1,500 mL is categorized as moderate (ie, 15% to 30% of total blood volume). A. 99% B. 50% C. 65% When preparing a room for the next patient after use by a confirmed tuberculosis (TB) patient, in addition to performing routine environmental decontamination, the exchanges should be % complete. D. 85% - A. 99% Before the next patient is brought into a room with known TB exposure, the air exchanges must be 99% complete. This may take 20 to 30 minutes. Personnel should wear appropriate filtration masks during room cleaning. When using a skin preparation solution that contains isopropyl alcohol, drape application should occur: A. After wiping the area dry B. After the skin and hair have dried C. Immediately after applying the prep D. After waiting five minutes - B. After the skin and hair have dried Solutions used for skin prep must dry before application of surgical drapes. Before the patient's discharge and transfer to the surgical unit, the nurse completes a final: A. Assessment B. Evaluation C. Hand-off/hand-over report D. Standardized scoring - A. Assessment Before a patient can be discharged, the registered nurse completes a final assessment to verify patient status for discharge to the next level of care. Critical items should be processed by: A. Low-level disinfection B. High-level disinfection C. Intermediate-level disinfection D. Sterilization - D. Sterilization Critical items contact sterile tissue or the vascular system and thus require sterilization. The biggest risk associated with the supine position for obese patients is: Evidence-based practice (EBP) is a systematic, thorough process to identify a issue, collect and evaluate evidence, design and implement a change, and evaluate the process. A. Respiratory distress B. Spinal pressure C. Foot drop D. Shearing - A. Respiratory distress Obese patients have a decreased respiratory reserve and are at an increased risk for rapid respiratory distress in the supine position. What is the correct workflow traffic pattern for instrument processing? A. Decontamination area, set assembly room, sterile processing, sterile storage, and case cart packing room B. Set assembly room, sterile processing, sterile storage, case cart packing room, and decontamination area C. Case cart packing room, decontamination area, set assembly room, sterile processing, and sterile storage D. Decontamination area, sterile processing, set assembly room, sterile storage, and case cart packing room - A. Decontamination area, set assembly room, sterile processing, sterile storage, and case cart packing room First, the instruments must be decontaminated and disinfected prior to use. Then they are assembled in sets/trays and sterilized per manufacturer's instructions for use and care. Next, they are transported to sterile storage where they are rotated out to be placed on case carts for posted procedures. Ventricular fibrillation is characterized by: A. An ectopic focus in the ventricles, causing the heart to beat prematurely B. A rapid heartbeat caused by ventricular ischemia or irritability C. An impulse originating in the ventricles and traveling to the rest of the myocardium D. A total disorganization of ventricular activity - D. A total disorganization of ventricular activity Ventricular fibrillation is characterized by total disorganization of ventricular activity. Because the impulse does not travel via the rapid, specialized conduction system, depolarization of both ventricles takes longer and is not simultaneous. A. Personal B. Clinical C. Corporate D. Non-clinical - B. Clinical