2023 NR 507 Advanced Pathophysiology Exam Test Bank New Latest Exam with 200+ Questions, Exams of Nursing

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2023 NR 507 Advanced Pathophysiology Exam Test

Bank New Latest Exam with 200+ Questions and

Answers

Which dietary lifestyle choice has been associated with a decreased risk for developing colon cancer? ------- Correct Answer ------- A. increased consumption of dairy produce B. increased consumption of foods containing vitamin C (C). decreased consumption of foods high in fat D. decreased consumption of artificial food coloring A 44 year old patient who demonstrates chronic gastrointestinal bleeding is diagnosed with anemia. What is the primary cause of the patient's anemia? ------- Correct Answer - ------ iron deficiency A 52 year old male is diagnosed with urinary tract obstruction. While designing the treatment plan, the nurse realizes that the patient is expected to have hydronephrosis and a decreased glomerular filtration rate caused by: ------- Correct Answer ------- dilitation of the renal pelvis and calyces proximal to the blockage What is the name of the disorder in which levels of bilirubin remain excessively high in the newborn & are deposited in the brain? ------- Correct Answer ------- (A). kernicterus B. icterus neonatorum C. jaundice D. icterus gravis neonatorum Which of the following is responsible for initiating clonal selection? ------- Correct Answer ------- Antigens Which of the following would support the diagnosis of respiratory acidosis? ------- Correct Answer ------- pneumonia Aspiration is most likely to occur in the right mainstem bronchus b/c it: ------- Correct Answer ------- (A). extends vertically from the trachea B. is narrower than the left mainstem bronchus C. comes into contact with food & drink first D. is located at the site where the bronchi bifurcates What is the major virus involved in the development of cervical cancer? ------- Correct Answer ------- A. herpes simplex virus type 6 B. herpes simplex virus type 2 (C). human papillomavirus D. human immunodeficiency virus

What is the most common malignant bone tumor diagnosed during childhood? ------- Correct Answer ------- A. chondrosarcoma B. fibrosarcoma C. Ewing Sarcoma (D). osteosarcoma Which condition poses the highest risk for a cerebrovascular accident (CVA)? ------- Correct Answer ------- A. Insulin-resistant diabetes mellitus (B). hypertension C. Polycythemia D. smoking Clinical manifestations that include irregular or heavy bleeding, the passage of large clots, & the depletion of iron stores support which diagnosis? ------- Correct Answer ------

• A. premenstrual syndrome (B). dysfunctional uterine bleeding C. polycystic ovary syndrome D. primary dysmenorrhea The mucosal secretions of the cervix secrete which immunoglobulin? ------- Correct Answer ------- (A). IgA B. IgE C. IgG D IgM An infant diagnosed with a small patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) would likely exhibit which symptom? ------- Correct Answer ------- A. intermittent murmur (B). lack of symptoms C. need for surgical repair D. triad of congenital defects Pinkeye is characterized by inflammation of which structure? ------- Correct Answer ------
• A. eyelids B. sebaceous glands C. Melbomian glands (D). Conjunctiva Stress-induced sympathetic stimulation of the adrenal medulla causes the secretion of: - ------ Correct Answer ------- A. epinephrine & aldosterone B. norepinephrine & cortisol (C). epinephrine & norepinephrine D. acetylcholine & cortisol For a patient with candidiasis, which factor will exacerbate the condition? ------- Correct Answer ------- A. poor hygiene B. Older age

(C). systemic antibiotics D. anemia Pressure in the left ventricle must exceed pressure in which structure before the left ventricle can eject blood? ------- Correct Answer ------- A. superior vena cava (B). aorta C. inferior vena cava D. pulmonary veins What is the anomaly in which the soft bony component of the skull & much of the brain is missing? ------- Correct Answer ------- (A). anencephaly B. myelodysplasia C. cranial meningocele D. hydrocephaly Bacteria gain access to the female urinary tract by which means: ------- Correct Answer - ------ A. systemic blood that is filtered through the kidney B. Bacteria traveling from the lymph adjacent to the bladder & kidneys (C). bacteria ascending the urethra into the bladder D. colonization of the bladder when urine is static Neurofibrillary tangles characterize which neurologic disorder? ------- Correct Answer ---- --- A. Dementia syndrome B. delirium (C). alzheime disease D. parkinson disease Which hormone stimulates gonads to produce both male & female hormones? ------- Correct Answer ------- A. gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) B. follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) (C). luteinizing hormone (LH) D. estrogen Which terms represent the correct nomenclature for benign & malignant tumors of adipose tissue, respectively? ------- Correct Answer ------- A. liposarcoma, lipoma (B). lipoma, liposarcoma C. adisarcoma, adipoma D. adipoma, adisarcoma What type of immunity is produced when an immunoglobulin crosses the placenta? ------

• Correct Answer ------- (A). passive-acquired immunity B. active-acquired immunity C. passive-innate immunity D. active-innate immunity

Cystic fibrosis is caused by which process? ------- Correct Answer ------- (A). autosomal recessive recessive inheritance B. autosomal dominant inheritance C. infection D. malignancy Which immunoglobulin is present in blood, saliva, breast milk & respiratory secretions? - ------ Correct Answer ------- (A). IgA B. IgE C. IgG D. IgM Which hormone is linked to an increase in appetite during puberty? ------- Correct Answer ------- A. inhibin (B). Leptin C. Activin D. Follistatin Which characteristic is true of type II (white fast-motor) muscle fibers? ------- Correct Answer ------- A. slow contraction speed (B). fast conduction velocities C. profuse capillary supply D. oxidative metabolism Which statement is true regarding pain & cancer? ------- Correct Answer ------- A. pain is primarily a result of pressure caused by the tumor B. Pain indicates the metastasis of cancer. C. pain is usually the initial symptom of cancer. (D). pain is generally associated with late-stage cancer. Which assessment finding characterizes Osgood-Schlatter disease? ------- Correct Answer ------- A. lateral epicondylitis of the elbow B. inflammation of the anterior cruciate ligament C. bursitis of the subscapular bursa in the glenohumeral joint (D). Tendinitis of the anterior patellar tendon Children with phenylketonuria (PKU) are unable to synthesize: ------- Correct Answer ---- --- (A). Essential amino acid, phenylalanine, to tyrosine B. Renin, erythropoietin & antidiuretic hormone C. aldosterone, cortisol & androgens D. Neurotransmitters gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and acetylcholine In a full-term infant, the normal erythrocyte life span is ____days, whereas the adult erythrocyte life span is ____ days. ------- Correct Answer ------- A. 30 to 50; 80 (B). 60 to 80; 120 C. 90 to 110; 140

D. 120-130; 150

Using a fan to reduce body temperature is an example of which mechanism of heat loss? ------- Correct Answer ------- A. evaporation B. radiation (C). convection D. conduction Open-angle glaucoma occurs b/c of: ------- Correct Answer ------- A. decreased production of aqueous humor B. increased production of vitreous humor (C). obstructed outflow of aqueous humor D. excessive destruction of vitreous humor An infant has a crescendo-decrescendo systolic ejection murmur located between the second & third intercostal spaces along the left sternal border. A wide fixed splitting of the second heart sound is also found. These clinical findings are consistent with which congenital heart defect? ------- Correct Answer ------- (A). atrial septal defect (ASD) B. ventricular septal defect (VSD) C. patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) D. atrioventricular canal (AVC) defect What pulmonary defense mechanism propels a mucous blanket that entraps particles moving toward the oropharynx? ------- Correct Answer ------- A. Nasal turbinates B. alveolar macrophages (C). cilia D. irritant receptors on the nares Which cancer originates from connective tissue? ------- Correct Answer ------- (A). Osteogenic sarcoma B. Basal cell carcinoma C. multiple myeloma D. adenocarcinoma Kidney stones in the upper part of the ureter would produce pain referred to which anatomical area? ------- Correct Answer ------- A. vulva or penis (B). umbilicus C. thighs D. lower abdomen Pancreatic insufficiency is manifested by deficient production of: ------- Correct Answer - ------ A. insulin B. amylase (C). Lipase D. bile

Which hormone prompts increased anxiety, vigilance, and arousal during a stress response? ------- Correct Answer ------- (A) norepinephrine B. Epinephrine C. Cortisol D. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) When does the male body begin to produce sperm? ------- Correct Answer ------- A. Before birth B. Shortly after birth (C). At puberty D. When erection is possible Which substance is used to correct the chronic anemia associated with chronic renal failure? ------- Correct Answer ------- A. Iron (B). Erythropoietin C. Cobalamin (vitamin B12) D. Folate What is the primary cause of the symptoms of polycythemia vera? ------- Correct Answer ------- A. Decreased erythrocyte count B. Destruction of erythrocytes (C). Increased blood viscosity D. Neurologic involvement Where in the lung does gas exchange occur? ------- Correct Answer ------- A. Trachea B. Segmental bronchi (C). Alveolocapillary membrane D. Main bronchus Carcinoma refers to abnormal cell proliferation originating from which tissue origin? ------

• Correct Answer ------- A. Blood vessels (B). Epithelial cells C. Connective tissue D. Glandular tissue What phrase describes the condition in which a series of alveoli in the left lower lobe receive adequate ventilation but lack adequate perfusion? ------- Correct Answer ------- A. A right to left shunt (B). Alveolar dead space C. A low ventilation-perfusion ratio D. Pulmonary hypotension A function of the pericardium is to: ------- Correct Answer ------- (A). Provide a barrier against extracardial infections B. Improve blood flow through the heart C. Play a role in cardiac conduction

D. Assist in cardiac contraction Clinical manifestations of bile salt deficiencies are r/t poor absorption of: ------- Correct Answer ------- (A). Fats & fat-soluble vitamins B. Water-soluble vitamins C. Proteins D. Minerals The FNP is teaching the community about health promotion. Which information should the FNP include for innate immunity? ------- Correct Answer ------- A. following an illness (B). At birth C. via injection of specific antibodies D. In adulthood A 10 y/o develops pneumonia. Physical exam reveals subcostal and intercostal retractions. The child reports that breathing is difficult with feelings that, "I can't get enough air." What term should the FNP use to document this condition? ------- Correct Answer ------- A. cyanosis (B). Dyspnea C. Hyperpnea D. Orthopnea When the FNP is reviewing lab results & notices that the erythrocytes contain an abnormally low concentration of hgb, the nurse calls these erythrocytes: ------- Correct Answer ------- A. hyperchromic (B). Hypochromic C. Macrocytic D. Microcytic A 45 y/o/m complains of heart burn after eating & difficulty swallowing. These symptoms support which diagnosis? ------- Correct Answer ------- A. pyloric stenosis B. Gastric cancer C. Achalasia (D). Hiatal hernia A 25 y/o/f has a heavy menses during which she loses a profuse amount of blood. Which of the following adaptations should the nurse expect? ------- Correct Answer ------

• A. Movement of fluid into the cell B. Decreased cardiac output C. Decreased oxygen release from hgb (D). Peripheral vasoconstriction Which pt will develop active immunity? A pt who: ------- Correct Answer ------- (A). has natural exposure to an antigen or receives an immunization B. Receives preformed antibodies or T cells from a donor C. Has T cells that become B cells

D. Receives immunoglobulin Chronic gastritis is classified according to the: ------- Correct Answer ------- A. Severity (B). Location of lesions C. Pt's age D. Signs & symptoms A 16 y/o/f student is driving to school when another driver nearly hits her. Her hrt begins beating harder & faster as she becomes aroused & scared. Which of the following states of the general adaptation syndrome is she experienced? ------- Correct Answer --- ---- (A). Alarm stage B. Stage of resistance C. Adaptation D. Exhaustion A 50 y/o is diagnosed with gastroesophageal reflux. This condition is: ------- Correct Answer ------- A. Fibrosis of the lower third of the esophagus. B. Sympathetic nerve stimulation (C). Loss of muscle tone at the lower esophageal sphincter D. Reverse peristalsis of the stomach A low ventilation-perfusion ratio of the lung will result in: ------- Correct Answer ------- A. Increased dead space (B). Shunting C. Alveolar collapse D. Bronchospasm A 52 y/o/m is diagnosed with urinary tract obstruction. While designing the treatment plan, the nurse realizes that the pt is expected to have hydronephrosis & a decreased glomerular filtration rate caused by: ------- Correct Answer ------- A. Decreased renal blood flow B. Decreased peritubular capillary pressure (C). Dilation of the renal pelvis & calyces proximal to a blockage D. Stimulation of antidiuretic hormone A 40 y/o/m's hx includes being a vegetarian & abusing alcohol. Which of the following factors put him at greatest risk for developing folate deficiency anemia? ------- Correct Answer ------- A. Being vegetarian (B). Being alcoholic C. Age D. Gender A 20 u/o underwent an echocardiogram to assess chest pain. Results revealed a congenital defect in the papillary muscles. Which of the following would the nurse expect to occur? ------- Correct Answer ------- A. Closure of the semilunar valve (B). Backward expulsion of the atrioventricular valves

C. Closure of the atrioventricular valve. D. Backward expulsion of the semilunar valves. A 58 y/o/f presents in the clinic with fatigue, weight loss, and tingling of her fingers. Laboratory findings show low hgb & hct, a high mean corpuscular volume, & normal plasma iron. These assessment findings are consistent with which type of anemia? ------

• Correct Answer ------- A. hemolytic anemia (B). Pernicious anemia C. Iron deficiency anemia D. Aplastic anemia A 54 y/o/m with a long hx of smoking presents with a chief concern of excessive tiredness, sob, & overall ill feelings. Lab results reveal decreased pH, CO2, & normal bicarbonate ion. These findings help to confirm the diagnosis of: ------- Correct Answer - ------ A Respiratory alkalosis B. Metabolic acidosis (C). Respiratory acidosis A 50 y/o/m reports episodes of frequently recurring crampy abd pain, diarrhea & bloody stools. A possible diagnosis would be: ------- Correct Answer ------- (A). Ulcerative colitis B. Hiatal hernia C. Pyloric obstruction D. Achalasia As a result of blockage in the pulmonary artery, blood would first back up into the: ------- Correct Answer ------- A. Aorta B. Left ventricle C. Pulmonary veins (D). Right ventricle What is the most likely cause of croup? ------- Correct Answer ------- A. Bacteria B. Acute hyperventilation C. Allergy (D). Viral Infection A pt's anemia is described as having erythrocytes that demonstrate poikilocytosis. The FNP would recognize the erythrocytes would be: ------- Correct Answer ------- A. Pale in color B. Present in various sizes (C). Able to assume various shapes D. Live only a few days A newborn is diagnosed with respiratory distress syndrome. When obtaining the pt's hx, which of the following is the most important predisposing factor for this condition? ------- Correct Answer ------- A. Low birth weight B. Alcohol consumption by the mother during pregnancy

(C). Premature birth D. Smoking by the mother during pregnancy Which of the following is responsible for initiating clonal selection? ------- Correct Answer ------- A. T cells B. B cells (C). Antigens D. Lymphocytes A 39 y/o is diagnosed with a duodenal ulcer. Which of the following behaviors mays have contributed to the development of the development of the ulcer? ------- Correct Answer ------- (A). Regular NSAID use B. Drinking caffeinated beverages C. Consuming limited fiber D. Antacid consumption A 50 y/o/m recently underwent a liver transplant & is taking immunosuppressive drugs. He now has painful vesicular eruptions on the face & trunk. He reports that he had chickenpox as a child. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis based on his chicken pox history? ------- Correct Answer ------- A. Erysipelas B. Herpes Simplex C. Warts (D). Herpes zoster A 5 y/o presents to the clinic with high fever, inspiratory stridor, severe respiratory distress, drooling, & dysphagia. Acute epiglottis is suspected. When assessing the child, the FNP should avoid: ------- Correct Answer ------- A. Trying to keep the child calm (B). Examining the throat for redness C. Auscultating the child's respiratory rate D. Counting the heart rate apically A 44 y/o patient who demonstrates chronic gastrointestinal bleeding is diagnosed with anemia. What is the primary cause of the pt's anemia? ------- Correct Answer ------- A. Vitamin B12 deficiency (B). Iron deficiency C. Folate deficiency D. Bone marrow failure Biochemical secretions that trap & kill microorganisms include: ------- Correct Answer --- ---- A. Hormones B. Neurotransmitters (C). Ear wax D. Gastric acid Which statement indicates a correct understanding of antibodies? The most abundant class of antibody in the serum is: ------- Correct Answer ------- (A). IgG

B. IgM C. IgA D. IgE If a pt has carbuncles, the infection will be located in the: ------- Correct Answer ------- (A). Hair follicles B. Papillary layer of the dermis C. Reticular layer of the dermis D. Subcutaneous tissue Which complication is associated with gastric resection surgery? ------- Correct Answer - ------ A. Constipation B. Acid reflux gastritis (C). Anemia D. Hiccups A 13 y/o/f is concerned about several pigmented skin lesions on her body. Her primary care provider tells her that these lesions must be monitored b/c of their ability to transform into malignant melanoma. ------- Correct Answer ------- A.macules (B). nevi C. plaques D. keloids A 40 y/o is diagnosed with skin cancer. It is explained that the most important risk factor for skin cancer is: ------- Correct Answer ------- (A). Amount of direct sun exposure at a young age B. Amount of sun exposure over age 50 C. Lifetime amount of sun exposure D. Living in equatorial regions where the sun is most intense A pt wants to know which malignant skin lesion is the most serious. The correct response is: ------- Correct Answer ------- A. basal cell carcinoma B. squamous cell carcinoma C. Keratoacanthoma (D). malignant melanoma A 20 y/o presents reporting difficulty breathing when lying down. What term should the FNP use to document this condition? ------- Correct Answer ------- A. Dyspnea (B). Orthopnea C. Apnea D. Tachypnea A newborn is diagnosed with congenital intrinsic factor deficiency. Which of the following type of anemia will the FNP document on the chart? ------- Correct Answer ----- -- A. Iron deficiency (B). Pernicious

C. Sideroblastic D. Hemolytic A 20 y/o/f presents with vaginal itch & thin-walled pustular lesions & is diagnosed with candidiasis. The condition is caused by a: ------- Correct Answer ------- (A). Fungus B. Virus C. Bacterium D. Parasite A 20 y/o/m received a knife wound to the arm during an altercation. Which of the following type of immunity was compromised? ------- Correct Answer ------- (A). innate immunity B. inflammatory response C. Adaptive D. Specific immunity The FNP diagnoses a 10 y/o with obstructive sleep apnea. When the parents ask, the FNP shares that the initial treatment will be: ------- Correct Answer ------- (A). Tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy (T&A) B. Weight loss C. Continuous positive airway pressure D. Drug therapy Pityriasis rosea is caused (most likely) by a: ------- Correct Answer ------- A. Parasite (B). Virus C. Bacteria D. Fungus Pancreatic insufficiency is manifested by deficient production of: ------- Correct Answer - ------ A. Insulin B. Lactase (C). Lipase D. Bile A 42 y/o/f presents with raised red lesions with a brownish scale. She was diagnosed with discoid lupus erythematosus. This disorder is r/t: ------- Correct Answer ------- A. Infection B. trauma (C). autoimmunity D. cancer When the maternal immune system becomes sensitized against antigens expressed by the fetus, what type of immune reaction occurs? ------- Correct Answer ------- A. autoimmune B. anaphylaxis (C). alloimmune

D. allergic A 12 y/o child fell off a swing & scraped his right knee. The injured area becomes painful. What else will the FNP observe upon assessment? ------- Correct Answer ------- A. vasoconstriction at injured site B. Decreased RBC concentration at injured site C. pale skin at injured site (D). Edema at injured site When a pt asks the FNP what hypersensitivity is, how should the FNP respond? Hypersensitivity is best defined as: ------- Correct Answer ------- A. a reduced immune response found in most pathologic states B. A normal immune response to an infectious agent (C). an excessive or inappropriate response of the immune system to a sensitization antigen. D. antigenic desensitization What is the primary clinical manifestation of a stress ulcer? ------- Correct Answer ------- A. bowel obstruction (B). bleeding C. pulmonary embolism D. hepatomegaly For a pt with candidiasis, which factor will exacerbate the condition? ------- Correct Answer ------- A. poor hygiene B. increased estrogen level (C). systemic antibiotics D. anemia The signs & symptoms of large bowel obstruction are: ------- Correct Answer ------- (A). abdominal distention & hypogastric pain B. Diarrhea & excessive thirst C. Dehydration & epigastric pain D. abdominal pain & rectal bleeding Which finding would support the diagnosis of respiratory acidosis? ------- Correct Answer ------- A. Vomiting B. hyperventilation (C). pneumonia D. an increase in noncarbonic acids The number of persons living with a specific disease at a specific point in time is referred to by which term? ------- Correct Answer ------- A. Relativity B. Survivability (C). Prevalence D. Incidence

A 50 y/o/m recently underwent a liver transplant & is taking immunosuppressive drugs. He now has painful vesicular eruptions on the face & trunk. He reports that he had chickenpox as a child. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis based on his chicken pox history? ------- Correct Answer ------- A. erysipelas B. poliomyelitis C. warts (D). Herpes zoster An amniocentesis indicates a neural tube defect when an increase in which protein is evident? ------- Correct Answer ------- A. chorionic (B). alpha fetoprotein C. amniotic D. embryonic Dilation of the ipsilateral pupil, following uncal herniation. Is the result of pressure on which cranial nerve (CN)? ------- Correct Answer ------- A. optic (CN1) B. abducens (CN VI) (C). oculomotor (CN III) D. trochlear (CN IV) Which organism is responsible for the development of syphilis? ------- Correct Answer --- ---- A. Neisseria syphilis (B). Treponema pallidum C. Haemophilus ducreyl D. Chlamydia trachomatis The portion of the pituitary that secretes oxytocin is: ------- Correct Answer ------- (A). posterior B. inferior C. anterior D. superior Which pancreatic enzyme is responsible for the breakdown of carbohydrates? ------- Correct Answer ------- A. trypsin (B). amylase C. lipase D. chymotrypsin What is the function of erythrocytes? ------- Correct Answer ------- (A). tissue oxygenation B. hemostasis C. infection control D. allergy response

DNA formation occurs in which of the cell's structures? ------- Correct Answer ------- (A). nucleus B. cytoplasm C. organelle D. membrane Where are alveolar macrophages found? ------- Correct Answer ------- A. skin B. breasts C. gastrointestinal tract (D). lungs When the maternal immune system becomes sensitized against antigens expressed by the fetus, what type of immune reaction occurs? ------- Correct Answer ------- alloimmune which patient will develop active immunity? A patient who: ------- Correct Answer ------- has natural exposure to an antigen or receives an immunization A 20 year old presents reporting difficulty breathing when lying down. What term should the FNP use to document this condition? ------- Correct Answer ------- orthopnea What is the most likely cause of croup? ------- Correct Answer ------- viral infections A 12 year old child fell off a swing and scraped his right knee. The injured area becomes painful. What else with the FNP observe upon assessment ------- Correct Answer ------- edema at injured site A low ventilation perfusion ratio of the lung will result in: ------- Correct Answer ------- Shunting A 50 year old male reports episodes of frequently recurring cramping abdominal pain, diarrhea and bloody stools. A possible diagnosis would be: ------- Correct Answer ------- ulcerative colitis A 13 year old female is concerned about several pigmented skin lesions on her body. Her primary care provider tells her that these lesions must be monitored because of their ability to transform into malignant melanoma. These lesions are referred to as: ----- -- Correct Answer ------- nevi What phrase describes the condition in which a series of alveoli in the left lower lobe receive adequate ventilation but lacks adequate perfusion? ------- Correct Answer ------- alveolar dead space A newborn is diagnosed with congenital intrinsic factor deficiency. Which of the following type of anemia will the FNP document on the chart? ------- Correct Answer ----- -- pernicious

A 5 year old presents to the clinic with high fever, inspiratory stridor, severe respiratory distress, drooling and dysphagia. Acute epiglottis is suspected. When assessing the child, the FNP should avoid: ------- Correct Answer ------- examining the throat for redness A 20 year old underwent an echocardiogram to assess chest pain. Results revealed a congenital defect in the papillary muscles. Which of the following would the nurse expect to occur? ------- Correct Answer ------- backward expulsion of the atrioventricular valves Biochemical secretions that trap and kill microorganisms include: ------- Correct Answer ------- ear wax The FNP diagnoses a 10 year old with obstructive sleep anpea. When the parents ask, the FNP shares that the initial treatment will be: ------- Correct Answer ------- tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy Pancreatic insufficiency is manifested by deficient production of: ------- Correct Answer - ------ Lipase The FNP is teaching the community about health promotion. Which information should the FNP include for innate immunity? ------- Correct Answer ------- at brith Which statement indicates a correct understanding of antibodies? The most abundant class of antibody in the serum is: ------- Correct Answer ------- IgG When a patient asks the FNP what hypersensitivity is, how should the FNP respond? Hypersensitivity is best defined as: ------- Correct Answer ------- an excessive or inappropriate response of the immune system to a sensitizing antigen When the FNP is reviewing lab results and notices that the erythrocytes contain an abnormally low concentration of hemoglobin, the nurse calls these erythrocytes: ------- Correct Answer ------- hypochromic A 25 year old female has heavy menses during which she loses a profuse amount of blood. Which of the following adaptations should the nurse expect? ------- Correct Answer ------- peripheral vasoconstriction Pityriasis rosea is caused (most likely) by a: ------- Correct Answer ------- Virus Which complication is associated with gastric resection surgery? ------- Correct Answer - ------ Anemia A 50 year old is diagnosed with gastroesophageal reflux. This condition is caused by: --- ---- Correct Answer ------- Loss of muscle tone at the lower esophageal sphincter

A function of the pericardium is to: ------- Correct Answer ------- provide a barrier against extracardial infections Prominent vesicular eruptions on the face and trunk. He reports that he had chicken pox as a child. Which of the following is most likely the diagnosis based on his chicken pox history? ------- Correct Answer ------- herpes zoster A 58 year old female presents in the clinic with fatigue, weight loss and tingling in her fingers. Laboratory findings show low hemoglobin and hematocrit, a high mean corpuscular volume and normal plasma iron. These assessment findings are consistent with which type of anemia? ------- Correct Answer ------- For a patient with candidiasis which factor will exacerbate the condition? ------- Correct Answer ------- systemic antibiotics If a patient has carbuncles, the infection will be located in the: ------- Correct Answer ----- -- hair follicles A 16 year old female student is driving to school when another diver nearly hits her. Her heart begins beating harder and faster as she becomes aroused and scared. Which of the following states of the general adaptation syndrome is she experiencing? ------- Correct Answer ------- alarm stage The signs and symptoms of a large bowel obstruction are: ------- Correct Answer ------- abdominal distention and hypogastric pain A 45 year old male complains of heart burn after eating and difficulty swallowing? These symptoms support which diagnosis? ------- Correct Answer ------- hiatel hernia A 20 year old male received a knife wound to the arm during an altercation. Which of the following types of immunity was compromised? ------- Correct Answer ------- innate immunity A 54 year old male with a long history of smoking presents with a chief concern of excessive tiredness, shortness of breath and overall ill feelings. Lab results reveal a decreased pH, increased CO2 and normal bicarb. These findings help to confirm the diagnosis of: ------- Correct Answer ------- respiratory acidosis A patients anemia is described as having erythrocytes that demonstrate poikilocytosis. The FNP would recognize the erythrocytes would be: ------- Correct Answer ------- able to assume various shapes A 40 year old male's history includes being a vegetarian and abusing alcohol. Which of the following factors put him at greatest risk for developing folate deficiency anemia? ---- --- Correct Answer ------- being alcoholic

Chronic gastritis is classified according to the: ------- Correct Answer ------- location of the lesions As a result of blockage in the pulmonary artery, blood would first back up into the: ------- Correct Answer ------- right ventricle A 20 year old female presents with vaginal itch and thin walled pustular lesions and is diagnosed with candidiasis. This condition is caused by a: ------- Correct Answer ------- fungus What is the primary clinical manifestation of a stress ulcer? ------- Correct Answer ------- Bleeding A patient wants to know which malignant skin lesion is the most serious. The correct response is: ------- Correct Answer ------- malignant melanoma Clinical manifestations of bile salt deficiencies are related to poor absorption of: ------- Correct Answer ------- fats and fat-soluble vitamins a 10 year old develops pneumonia. Physical exam reveals subcostal and intercostal retractions. The child reports that breathing is difficult with feelings that, "I cannot get enough air." What term should the FNP use to document this condition? ------- Correct Answer ------- Dyspnea A 39 year old diagnosed with a duodenal ulcer. Which of the following behaviors may have contributed to the development of the ulcer? ------- Correct Answer ------- Regular NSAID use A 42 year old female presents with raised red lesions with a browinish scale. he was diagnosed with discoid lupus ertythematosus. This disorder is related to ------- Correct Answer ------- Autoimmunity Alterations inn which part of the brain are linked to hallucinations, delusions and thought disorders associated with schizophrenia? ------- Correct Answer ------- Temporal lobe Treatment for polycythemia vera involves which of the following? ------- Correct Answer - ------ Therapeutic phlebotomy and radioactive phosphorus During an infection, why do lymph nodes enlarge and become tender? ------- Correct Answer ------- B lymphocytes proliferate An infant diagnosed with a small patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) would likely exhibit which symptom? ------- Correct Answer ------- Lack of symptoms

What syndrome, characterized by an absent homologous X chromosome with only a single X chromosome, exhibits features that include a short stature, widely spaced nipples and a webbed neck? ------- Correct Answer ------- Turner Syndrome Which nutritional deficiency in a pregnant woman is associated with neural tube defect (NTD)? ------- Correct Answer ------- Folate Atrial fibrillation, rheumatic heart disease and valvular prosthetics are risk factors for which type of stroke? ------- Correct Answer ------- embolic stroke On average, what percent of cardiac output do the kidneys receive? ------- Correct Answer ------- 20 - 25% Which organism is responsible for the development of syphilis? ------- Correct Answer --- ---- Treponema pallidum Stress-induced norepinephrine results in? ------- Correct Answer ------- peripheral vasoconstriction Having ejected a mature ovum, the ovarian follicle develops into a(n): ------- Correct Answer ------- corpus luteum Which pancreatic enzyme is responsible for the breakdown of carbohydrates? ------- Correct Answer ------- Amylase What term is used to identify an interlacing bundle of dense, white fibrous tissue that is richly supplied with nerves, blood vessels and lymphatic vessels? ------- Correct Answer ------- joint capsule What type of fracture occurs at a site of preexisting bone abnormally and is a result of a force that would not normally cause a fracture? ------- Correct Answer ------- pathologic fracture Which characteristic is true of type II (white fast motor) muscle fibers? ------- Correct Answer ------- fast conduction velocity Hemophilia B is caused by a deficiency of which clotting factor? ------- Correct Answer -- ----- IX Which period follows depolarization of the myocardium and represents a period during which no new cardiac potential can be propopagated? ------- Correct Answer ------- refractory period Which clinical manifestations are associated with fibromyalgia? ------- Correct Answer --- ---- sensitivity at tender points and prolonged fatigue

The BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations increase the risk of which cancer in women? ------- Correct Answer ------- ovarian cancer Clinical manifestations that include irregular or heavy bleeding, the passage of large clots and the depletion of iron stores support which diagnosis? ------- Correct Answer ---- --- dysfunctional uterine bleeding What is the target tissue for prolactin-releasing factor? ------- Correct Answer ------- anterior pituitary A child with which genetic disorder has a characteristic cry? ------- Correct Answer ------- Cri du chat In 95% of children of delayed puberty, the problem is caused by: ------- Correct Answer - ------ physiologic hormonal delays Which statement is true regarding maternal antibodies provided to the neonate? ------- Correct Answer ------- the antibodies enter into the fetal circulation by means of active transport Which dietary lifestyle choice has been associated with decreased risk for developing colon cancer? ------- Correct Answer ------- Decreased consumption of foods high in fat What is the suggested mean blood pressure for an 8 to 9 year old child? ------- Correct Answer ------- 106/ Graves disease is a result of: ------- Correct Answer ------- Autoantibodies binding to thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) receptor sites Obesity creates a greater risk for dehydration in people because: ------- Correct Answer ------- Adipose cells contain little water because fat is water repelling Which of the following are formed elements of the blood that are not cells but are disc shaped cytoplasmic fragments essential for blood clotting? ------- Correct Answer ------- Platelets Congenital aganglionic megacolon (hirschsprung disease) involves inadequate motility of the colon caused by neural malformationn of which nervous system ------- Correct Answer ------- parasympathetic A criterion for diagnosis of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a period of excessive worrying that lasts for at least how many months? ------- Correct Answer ------- 6 A 50 year old male recently underwent a liver transplant and is taking immunosupressive drugs. He now has painful vesicular eruptions on the face and trunk.

He reports that he had chickenpox as a child. Which of the following is most likely diagnosis based on his chicken pox history? ------- Correct Answer ------- herpes zoster A person with 47, XXY karyotype has the genetic disorder resulting in which syndrome? ------- Correct Answer ------- Klinefleter When insulin binds it receptors on muscle cells, and increase in glucose uptake by the muscle cells is the result. This is an example of what type of effect by a hormone? ------- Correct Answer ------- direct What is the function of the mucus secreted by the Bartholin glands? ------- Correct Answer ------- enhancement of the motility of sperm Tissue damage caused y the depositionn of circulating immune complexes containing an antibody against the host DNA is the cause of which disease? ------- Correct Answer ------- systemic lupus erythematosus When does the male body begin to produce sperm? ------- Correct Answer ------- at puberty What local complication of a gonococcal infection is diagnosed in approximately 10% of affected women? ------- Correct Answer ------- Acute Salpingitis Which hormone is linked to an increase in appetite during puberty ------- Correct Answer ------- Leptin A major characteristic of type 1 diabetes mellitus is that there is: ------- Correct Answer -- ----- an autoimmune cause factor Which neurotransmitter is inhibited in panic disorders? ------- Correct Answer ------- Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) Which type of microorganism reproduces on the skin? ------- Correct Answer ------- bacteria and fungi The existence of hyperkalemia is likely to result in which changes in a persons electrocardiogram (ECG)? ------- Correct Answer ------- Peaked T waves When renin is released, it is capable of which action? ------- Correct Answer ------- formation of angiotensin I Which type of croup is most common? ------- Correct Answer ------- viral A complex partial seizure is described as: ------- Correct Answer ------- impairment of both consciousness and the ability to react to exogenous stimuli

Carcinoma refers to the abnormal cell proliferation originating from which tissue organ? ------- Correct Answer ------- epithelial cells What is the end product of protein metabolism that is excreted in urine? ------- Correct Answer ------- Urea What causes the crystallization within the synovial fluid of the joint affected by gouty arthritis? ------- Correct Answer ------- overproduction of uric acid Which statement is true regarding pain and cancer? ------- Correct Answer ------- pain is generally associated with late stage cancer