2024 APEA FNP PREDICTOR Exam Test Bank with 1000+ Questions from Actual Past Exam. 100 %, Exams of Nursing

Download 2024 APEA FNP PREDICTOR Exam Test Bank with 1000+ Questions from Actual Past Exam. 100 % and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! 2024 APEA FNP PREDICTOR Exam Test Bank with 1000+ Questions from Actual Past Exam. 100 % Guaranteed pass Gestational diabetes screening occurs between what weeks gestation? - ANSWER 24-48 When you ask the patient to take a deep breath in and then palpate over the RUQ abdomen. Positive when pain is elicited. This is a sign of ___________. - ANSWER Murphy's sign; cholecystitis What are names of LABA medications? - ANSWER salmeterol What is encopresis in children? - ANSWER stool incontinence after the age of being toilet trained The medical term for being cross-eyed - ANSWER strabismus What is atopic dermatitis? - ANSWER eczema Tests used to diagnose developmental hip dysplasia - ANSWER Barlow and Ortolani maneuvers What is the female athlete triad? - ANSWER disordered eating, amenorrhea, osteoporosis How do patients with aortic regurgitation typically present? - ANSWER they will have a long asymptomatic period followed by exercise intolerance, then dyspnea at rest. The left ventricle eventually fails unless the aortic valve is replaced. What does the rash of fifth disease (a viral exanthem) look like? - ANSWER maculopapular rash that blanches easily and may be accompanied by joint aches What cardiac abnormalities are expected to be heard on auscultation of a pregnant patient? - ANSWER a venous hum murmur and an S3 When a headache accompanies a stroke, is this most often hemorrhagic or ischemic? - ANSWER hemorrhagic AV nicking is most commonly seen on retinal exam of which chronic condition? - ANSWER hypertension Within 6 months of being started on a TCA or SSRI, what is a common side effect that occurs? - ANSWER weight gain When does otitis media with effusion usually occur? - ANSWER either before or after an episode of acute otitis media. This effusion is not infected fluid but it is considered a breeding ground for bacteria. This should not be treated with antibiotics. The medical term for jock itch - ANSWER tinea cruris Tinea cruris "jock itch" is a common __________ infection and should be treated with what? - ANSWER fungal; OTC antifungal cream What are teaching points for males to avoid contracting tinea cruris? - ANSWER dry off after swimming and don't stay in a wet bathing suit Tinea cruris can affect the inner thighs but never what else? - ANSWER the penis or scrotum On microscopic exam, what is most likely to be seen in the presence of a bacterial infection? - ANSWER cocci and rods On microscopic exam, what is most likely to be seen in the presence of a candidal infection? - ANSWER yeasts Can a pregnant woman get the MMR vaccine while pregnant? - ANSWER yes Why are the carotid arteries auscultated for bruits? - ANSWER this is indicative of generalized atherosclerosis What is roseola? - ANSWER a viral exanthem characterized by a high fever for 3 days then abrupt stopping of the fever and a maculopapular rash that blanches. also known as exanthem subitum. What are signs indicative of a meningitis infection? - ANSWER Kernig and Brudzinski's signs Cancer in the bone marrow that results in skeletal destruction - ANSWER multiple myeloma What is the average age of diagnosis of multiple myeloma? - ANSWER 65 a skin disorder that causes the nose to enlarge and become red, bumpy, and bulbous - ANSWER rhinophyma What are physical exam findings common in alcohol abuse? - ANSWER tremors, macrocytosis (due to vitamin B12 and folate deficiencies common in alcoholics), hypertension, rhinophyma, peripheral neuropathy, teleangectasia, hepatosplenomegaly What is the first sign of sexual maturation in a male? - ANSWER an increase in testicular size (tanner stage 2) The inability to name a familiar object - ANSWER anomia What happens to a womans vital signs when she is in her second trimester of pregnancy? - ANSWER her blood pressure decreases What is the most common cause of acute pharyngitis in children? - ANSWER respiratory viruses A depressed patient is started on an SSRI. When should another antidepressant be tried if there is no response? - ANSWER 8-12 weeks If the number of bacteria on a urinalysis are greater than ____________________, this is indicative of a UTI. - ANSWER 100,000 What are signs of a ruptured TM other than the obviously ruptured TM? - ANSWER muffled hearing and bright red blood in the canal Osgood Schlatter disease produces pain where? - ANSWER in the knees Growing pains usually occur when? - ANSWER at nighttime Children with complaints of midbone pain should be worked for what MNM differential? - ANSWER acute lymphocytic leukemia NSAIDs should be used in caution with what patient population? - ANSWER anyone with hypertension because they cause sodium retention and increase blood pressure What is the most common cause of secondary dysmenorrhea? - ANSWER endometriosis; symptoms include spotting in between periods, cervical stenosis or displacement, nodular or tender uterosacral ligaments When should AAA screening be performed via US? - ANSWER once for all males age 65-75 who have ever smoked What is responsible for the transmission of poison ivy? - ANSWER the oils from the plant itself. So the only way someone can pass it on to another person is if they still have oil from the plant on their skin (like if they haven't bathed). Note that the fluid inside the blisters is not contagious Actinic keratosis is a precursor for what? - ANSWER squamos cell carcinoma What is papilledema? - ANSWER swelling of the optic nerve and disc secondary to increased ICP. Often co-occurring with a headache Is sexual activity safe during pregnancy? - ANSWER it can expose someone to STDs and it can also stimulate preterm labor due to stimulation of the lower uterine segment and release of oxtocin A report of "knee locking" is a classic complaint of what? - ANSWER a meniscal tear Can a pregnant woman be on levothyroxine during pregnancy? - ANSWER yes, she should continue it and have TSH checked monthly because she may need a higher dose as thyroid hormone needs increase during pregnancy What characterizes mild persistent asthma? - ANSWER asthma where symptoms occur more than twice weekly People who do not have a spleen (asplenic) are at a greater risk of what? - ANSWER more susceptible to bacterial infections What 2 things put someone at the highest risk of developing pancreatitis? - ANSWER gallstones and alcohol abuse. Hypertriglyceridemia can also cause it. What are the RF for GI bleeding? - ANSWER age 75 or older, warfarin use, daily NSAID use, chronic steroid use, PMHx of GI bleed When two or more RF for a GI bleed are present, we should not start a patient on aspirin without what? - ANSWER a daily PPI What medication is first line for the treatment of asymptomatic bacteriuria or UTI in pregnancy? - ANSWER nitrofurantoin Athletic amenorrhea increases one's risk of developing what? - ANSWER osteoporosis; this is because there is a loss of body fat and body fat is what produces estrogen so estrogen levels decline Patients with acute coronary syndrome typically have plaque erosion caused by what? - ANSWER accumulation of hyaluronan and neutrophils Which diagnostic study is most helpful for differentiating Alzheimer's disease from dementia with Lewy bodies? - ANSWER PET scan ADHD is a risk factor for both depression and what else? - ANSWER substance abuse Epididymitis with orchitis is commonly related to what? - ANSWER genitourinary infections Mycoplasma genitalium is most commonly associated with which disease presentation in men? - ANSWER urethritis, especially if persistent or recurrent C. trachomatis stands for what common type of bacteria infection? - ANSWER chlamydia Chlamydia passed from a mother to a newborn can result in which problems for the newborn? - ANSWER conjunctivitis and pneumonia In a patient with patent ductus arteriosus, where is the murmur best heard? - ANSWER localized at the left clavicle and is both systolic and diastolic What is the ductus arteriosus? - ANSWER provides the fetus with a pathway from the pulmonary artery to the aorta in utero in order to skip the lungs What are examples of some conditions that have multifactorial inheritance? - ANSWER diabetes, obesity, arthritis, cancer, Alzheimers Seborrheic dermatitis is basically the same thing as what? - ANSWER eczema of the scalp The flow of air coming in and out of the lungs in one inhalation and one exhalation - ANSWER peak expiratory flow What does an incentive spirometer measure? - ANSWER peak expiratory flow What happens in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle? - ANSWER LH and FSH decrease, the ruptured follicle closes after an egg has been released and forms the corpus luteum, which produces progesterone. Estrogen and progesterone remain high and it is those two things that cause the lining of the uterus to thicken further in preparation for fertilization What is a sign of the initial appearance of measurable histamines in a patient with allergic rhinitis? - ANSWER sneezing The bacteria responsible for syphilis is called what? - ANSWER treponema pallidum The STI, chancroid, is caused by what responsible bacteria? - ANSWER haemophilus ducreyi What is the most common cause of septic arthritis? - ANSWER staph aureus The STI, mycoplasma genitalium, is unique in what way? - ANSWER it lacks a cell wall and has a terminal tip-like structure which allows it to attach to and enter other cells. It then modulates the host's immune response What are the 3 secondary causes of type 2 diabetes? - ANSWER prolonged physical or emotional stress, pregnancy, drugs such as steroids and hormonal contraceptives How does hyperinsulinemia in PCOS work? - ANSWER insulin resistance occurs in all places except for the ovary which remains sensitive to insulin. This insulin upregulates androgen production. Which drug classes are responsible for causing urinary retention? - ANSWER antihistamines, TCAs, antispasmodics, bronchodilators, antipsychotics, carbidopa levodopa A 75 year old patient is experiencing progressive confusion and memory deterioration. Which condition mimics dementia that this patient should be tested for? - ANSWER neurosyphilis Which hormones in late pregnancy can block insulin and cause gestational diabetes? - ANSWER cortisol, estrogen, and placental lactogen Target shaped skin lesions as a result of a hypersensitivity reaction to certain infections and drugs - ANSWER erythema multiforme An abnormal growth of squamos epithelium in the middle ear and mastoid - ANSWER cholesteatoma The cremasteric reflex is assessed in infants for what purpose? - ANSWER to assess for retractile testicles; this occurs when the reflex is too strong and it pulls the testicle out of the body and into the groin; this is normal and should go away by puberty Patient populations who may present atypically when having a MI include who? - ANSWER diabetics, females, elderly A disorder that results in the destruction of platelets due to an autoimmune response - ANSWER idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura Pelvic inflammatory disease is most commonly caused by what? - ANSWER chlamydia and gonorrhea A protruding abdominal mass after bending over, lifting, or coughing, and is painful with coughing, is often what in adults? - ANSWER inguinal hernia Hiatal hernias cause what type of symptoms? - ANSWER GERD What is the name of an immature female gamete? - ANSWER oocyte The fused ovum and sperm once fertilization has occurred - ANSWER zygote What are conditions that are often co-occurring with alopecia areata? - ANSWER atopic dermatitis, vitiligo, thyroid disease, collagen-vascular diseases, Down syndrome What are other names of fifth disease? - ANSWER parvovirus, slapped cheek disease What is the life span of lice? - ANSWER 30 days The hypersensitivity and pain crescendo experienced in conjunction with a migraine is thought to be related to the release of what? - ANSWER substance P; a neurotransmitter which functions as the pain transmitter of the dorsal horn and is responsible for causing nausea, vomiting, stress, and anxiety Where is the location of the tricuspid valve? - ANSWER separates the right atrium and ventricle What does a tricuspid regurgitation murmur sound like? - ANSWER best heard at the left sternal border, on both systole and diastole. Increases with inspiration When can you hear the murmur associated with pulmonic stenosis? - ANSWER mid-late systolic murmur When can you hear the murmur associated with aortic regurg? - ANSWER diastole only When can you hear the murmur associated with mitral valve stenosis? - ANSWER diastole only What EKG changes may be present during episodes of angina? - ANSWER transient ST elevation, T wave changes such as inversions, ST depressionals, Q waves Children and teens present with depression most commonly how? - ANSWER irritability Are the sickling of RBCS in sickle cell anemia reversible? - ANSWER initially, yes they are reversible with oxygenation. But repeated episodes cause the cells to become irreversibly sickled. When the brain is exposed to something rewarding, it responds by increasing the release of what? - ANSWER dopamine Where are T cells produced? - ANSWER in the thymus Where are B cells produced? - ANSWER in the bone marrow What is the pathophys behind a thyrotoxic crisis (aka thyroid storm)? - ANSWER T3 and T4 are overproduced which leads to increased production of epinephrine and severe hypermetabolism What causes a reduction in the number of RBCs in pregnancy? - ANSWER iron deficiency anemia due to blood volume expansion and a decrease in hemoglobin levels so the iron stores are depleted because they are needed to be used for the expanded blood volume When should the ductus arteriosus close in an infant? - ANSWER within the first 1-2 days of birth The minimum arterial pressure exerted during relaxation and dilation of the ventricles - ANSWER diastole Lyme disease is caused by what spirochete present on ticks? - ANSWER borrelia burgdorfei What are the potential sequelae of strep pharyngitis? - ANSWER acute glomerulonephritis, peritonsillar abscess, toxic shock disease, rheumatic heart disease (although rare) The medical term for pubic lice aka crabs - ANSWER phthirus pubis Petechiae noted on the cervix during a pelvic exam is a sign of what disease process? - ANSWER trichomoniasis; also called "strawberry cervix" What is the difference between a folliculitis and a furuncle? - ANSWER folliculitis is an inflammation of the follice whereas a furuncle is an abscess that results from folliculitis Urea is eliminated by the kidneys, but where does it come from originally? - ANSWER from the liver as a byproduct of protein metabolism What are the 5 primary structures of the immune system? - ANSWER lymph nodes, thymus, tonsils, spleen, bone marrow Bacteria most commonly responsible for pyelonephritis - ANSWER e coli What causes back pain in pregnancy? - ANSWER curvature of the lumbosacral vertebrae What is dacrocystitis? - ANSWER inflammation of the nasolacrimal duct due to duct obstruction or infection What are potential causes of blepharitis? - ANSWER bacterial infection, dry eyes, rosacea What are s/s of croup? - ANSWER hoarseness, cough, inspiratory stridor, possible respiratory distress due to narrowing of the larynx Women who become pregnant later in life have an increased risk of what? - ANSWER breast cancer What are things women can do to decrease their risk of breast cancer? - ANSWER regular physical activity, breastfeeding Does an increase or decrease in blood pH affect the rate and degree of sickling in sickle cell anemia? - ANSWER a decrease in blood pH increases the rate What is the difference between Prinzmetals and stable (classic angina)? - ANSWER Prinzmetals may occur randomly and while at rest, whereas stable angina is usually only with physical activity Why may infection of the palatine tonsils become serious very quickly? - ANSWER the area is composed of loose connective tissue What are cutaneous xanthomas? - ANSWER localized lipid deposits caused by elevated lipids or LDL What is the Lachman's test and what does it identify? - ANSWER used to assess for ACL tear; the knee is held passively at 30 degrees flexed and then one hand stabilizes the femur while the other applies a gentle anterior force to the proximal tibia. If it moves beyond it's normal ROM, there may be an ACL tear When should the testicles fully descend into the scrotum by in an infant? - ANSWER 6 months of age. If not descended by this time, then refer to Urology at 6 months although surgical correction (orchipexy) may not be performed until 1 year What is another name for the moro reflex? - ANSWER the startle reflex; both arms should extend outwards when this is positive If a moro reflex in an infant is only positive in one arm, then what do you need to consider? - ANSWER examine the clavicle for a potential fracture Which model is used to designate risk factors for melanoma? - ANSWER think HARMM; history, age, regular dermatologist absent, mole changing, male gender What is a sign of an ankle fracture on physical exam? - ANSWER point tenderness over the posterior malleolus with an inability to bear weight after 4 or more steps What is an acoustic neuroma? - ANSWER something pressing, likely a tumor, on the acoustic nerve that results in dizziness, loss of balance, facial numbness, hearing loss, and tinnitus The axillary lymph nodes drain lymphatic fluid from where? - ANSWER breast, upper abdomen, upper back, pectoral region, and upper limbs International travelers to endemic areas are at a risk for what form of hepatitis? - ANSWER hepatitis A because it can be transmitted through contaminated food or drink Adrenarche is the early presence of pubic hair in girls aged __________ - ANSWER 5-8 years old A condition that presents with symptomatic limb ischemia upon exertion is termed: - ANSWER atherosclerotic peripheral arterial disease The largest salivary gland is the parotid gland, and where does it drain to? - ANSWER Stensen's duct which has an opening on the buccal mucosa opposite the second molar The varus stress test assesses for a tear in which part of the lower extremities? - ANSWER lateral meniscus The valgus stress test assesses for a tear in which part of the lower extremities? - ANSWER medical meniscus To evaluate the uterus during a bimanual exam, the examiner would lubricate the index and middle fingers of one hand and insert them into the vagina. The other hand would be placed on the abdomen where? - ANSWER about midway betwee the umbilicus and symphysis pubis while elevating the cervix and uterus with the other hand A feeling of constantly needing to pass stool - ANSWER tenesmus Severe constipation resulting from intestinal obstruction - ANSWER obstipation What does the vaginal discharge associated with trich look like? - ANSWER profuse, yellowish green that is malodorous What does the discharge associated with bacterial vaginosis look like? - ANSWER gray or white, thin, malodorous (fishy) and not profuse The nurse practitioner instructs the patient to place on hand behind his back and touch his shoulder blade. This shoulder movement elicits what? - ANSWER internal rotation How do we test for flexion and extension of the shoulder? - ANSWER extension is asking the patient to move their arm behind themself. Flexion is asking the patient to move their arm in front of the body Symptoms related to Shaken Baby Syndrome are due to what? - ANSWER uncontrollable cerebral edema and hypoxia What are the symptoms of Shaken Baby Syndrome? - ANSWER blindness, inability to perform previously learned milestones, flaccid muscle tone Koplik's spots are indicative of what disease? - ANSWER measles (rubeola) The medical term for measles - ANSWER rubeola What do Koplik's spots of measles look like? - ANSWER small white specks that resemble grains of salt on a red background Round or oval shaped lesions surrounded by erythematous mucosa found anywhere on the oral mucosa - ANSWER aphthous ulcers Excessive or prolonged menstrual flow occurring at regular intervals - ANSWER menorrhagia Intermenstrual bleeding (aka spotting in between periods) - ANSWER metrorrhagia Polymenorrhea is when there are fewer than ________ between periods - ANSWER 21 days Oligomenorrhea is when there are more than _______ between periods; or only 4-9 menstrual cycles per year - ANSWER 35 days Retraction of the nipple and areola are suggestive of what? - ANSWER an underlying breast mass; this is never considered normal What is the straight leg raise test? - ANSWER used to evaluate for sciatica; the NP raises the straight leg while flexing the hip and then dorsiflexes the foot. Positive if pain is elicited. Where do the maxillary sinuses lie? - ANSWER around the nasal cavity What describes a stage III pressure ulcer? - ANSWER full thickness tissue loss and subcutanous fat may be present, but bone, tendon, or muscle are not exposed Dislocation of the elbow joint caused by the sudden pull on the extended pronated forearm - ANSWER nursemaid's elbow Localized tenderness over the ankle joint is a sign of what? - ANSWER a ligamentous injury; point tenderness and inability to bear weight is more of a sign of an ankle fracture Describe renal adaptation of the newborn - ANSWER the kidneys are structurally complete but physiologically immature. the infant is at increased risk of metabolic acidosis due to the kidneys inability to concentrate urine and adapt to fluid and electrolyte stress Where is the best place to locate the twelfth rib? - ANSWER between the spine and lateral chest What is biliary colic? - ANSWER pain in the epigastric region or RUQ that radiates to the right scapula or shoulder; indicative of cholecystitis Costochondritis occurs when there is inflammation of the cartilage where? - ANSWER that connects the ribs to the sternum What aggravates costochondritis? - ANSWER movement of the chest, trunk, and arms Which segments of the spine control the plantar reflexes? - ANSWER lumbar 5 and sacral 1 A softening of the skin at the angles of the mouth which may be due to nutritional deficiency - ANSWER angular cheilitis Angular cheilitis can be caused by what? - ANSWER nutritional deficiency What causes actinic cheilitis? - ANSWER excessive exposure to sunlight; most often affects the lower lip Intention tremors appear with movement and worsen when? - ANSWER as the target gets closer Nausea, diaphoresis, and pallor triggered by a fearful or unpleasant event - ANSWER vasovagal syncope Which conditions are known to cause polyuria? - ANSWER lithium toxicity, uncontrolled diabetes, disorders of the posterior pituitary and hypothalamus (hypogonadism), and hypokalemic nephropathy Breath sounds heard over the periphery of the lung fields are what? - ANSWER vesicular; they are quiet and wispy What do bronchovesicular breath sounds sound like? - ANSWER full inspiratory phase with a shortened and quieter expiratory phase Thenar atrophy suggests what? - ANSWER a median nerve disorder Does the ulnar nerve innervate the pinky or the thumb? - ANSWER pinky The pregnant woman who has a BMI of less than 18.5 should gain how many pounds in pregnancy? - ANSWER 28-40 pounds The pregnant woman who has a BMI of 18.5-24.9 (normal) should gain how many pounds in pregnancy? - ANSWER 25-35 pounds The pregnant woman who has a BMI of 25-29.9 (overweight) should gain how many pounds in pregnancy? - ANSWER 15-25 pounds The pregnant woman with a BMI over 30 should gain how many pounds in pregnancy? - ANSWER 11-20 pounds A BMI of less than _____ is considered underweight - ANSWER 18.5 The term used to refer to skin that is peeling - ANSWER exfoliation What will a basal cell carcinoma on the eyelid look like? - ANSWER papule with an ulcerated center, most often on the lower lid and medial canthus What is Rovsing's sign? - ANSWER positive for appendicitis; palpation on the LLQ elicits pain in the RLQ What causes plantar warts? - ANSWER human papillomavirus; usually occur on the sole of the foot In second degree uterine prolapse, where is the cervix located? - ANSWER at the introitus In third degree uterine prolapse, where is the cervix located? - ANSWER both the cervix and vagina are outside the introitus The anterior cervical lymph node chain is located where? - ANSWER anterior and superficial to the sternocleidomastoid muscle How do we diagnose a migraine headache? - ANSWER if 3 of the 5 POUND symptoms are present: pulsatile or throbbing, one day duration or 4-72 hours if left untreated, unilateral, nausea or vomiting, disabiling or intense causing interruption of daily activity What causes the S4 sound? - ANSWER the atrium forcefully contracting against a stiffened ventricle During the vaginal exam of a pregnant woman in her first trimester, an adnexal mass with tenderness is palpated. This is consistent with what? - ANSWER an ectopic pregnancy Stridor indicates a partial or complete obstruction of the _________ and is best heard where? - ANSWER larynx; neck