2024 EMT FINAL EXAM TEST BANK REAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS | ALREADY GRADED A+, Exams of Nursing

Download 2024 EMT FINAL EXAM TEST BANK REAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS | ALREADY GRADED A+ and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! 2024 EMT FINAL EXAM TEST BANK REAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS | ALREADY GRADED A+ | PROFESSOR VERIFIED | LATEST UPDATE Which of the following is included in the narrative section in a PCR? -time the EMS unit was notified -supportable personal opinions -refusal of care -patient name and address ------CORRECT ANSWER------------refusal of care If you discover an error as you are writing your PCR, what should you do? -erase the erroneous information and insert the correct information -tell your supervisor about the error -cover the error with correction fluid and initial it -draw a single horizontal line through the error, initial it, and write the correct information next to it ------CORRECT ANSWER------------draw a single horizontal line through the error, initial it, and write the correct information next to it What type of mode does an interoperable communications system use? -voice-over-Internet-protocol -duplex -simplex -trunking ------CORRECT ANSWER------------voice-over-Internet-protocol What should you do if a patient refuses treatment or transport? -immediately stop patient care -contact medical control -find another person to continue medical care -ask law enforcement to take him into custody ------CORRECT ANSWER------------ contact medical control Which of the following suffixes mean "two"? -"bi-" and "null-" -"dipl-" and "bi-" -"primi-" and "dipl-" -"primi-" and "bi-" ------CORRECT ANSWER------------"dipl-" and "bi-" The topographic term used to describe the location of body parts that are closer toward the midline of the body is: -medial -midaxillary -midclavicular -lateral ------CORRECT ANSWER------------medial The term "pericardiocentesis" means: - recumbent ------CORRECT ANSWER------------prone National guidelines for EMS care are intended to __________. -provide more consistent delivery of EMS care across the United States -unify EMS providers under a single medical director -facilitate a national EMS labor group -reduce expenses at the local and state levels ------CORRECT ANSWER------------ Provide more consistent delivery of EMS care across the United States The EMT is legally obligated to protect a patient's privacy according to _____. -HIPAA -CQI -APGAR -DCAP ------CORRECT ANSWER------------HIPAA Which of the following descriptions MOST accurately portrays emergency medical services (EMS)? -a system composed exclusively of emergency medical responders (EMRs) and emergency medical technicians (EMTs) who are responsible for providing care to sick and injured patients -a team of paramedics and emergency physicians who are responsible for providing emergency care to critically injured patients -a vast network of advanced life support (ALS) providers who provide definitive emergency care in the prehospital setting -a team of health care professionals who are responsible for providing emergency care and transportation to the sick and injured ------CORRECT ANSWER------------A team of health care professionals who are responsible for providing emergency care and transportation to the sick and injured What is the EMT's primary service area? -the main area in which the EMS agency operates -the area serviced by the EMT's medical director -the location where the EMT provides essential care during a 9-1-1 call -the only area the EMT is certified to provide patient care ------CORRECT ANSWER----- -------the main area in which the EMS agency operates Online medical control requires _____. -written protocols approved by medical control -a physicians presence on the scene of the call -phone or radio contact with the medical director -the presence of an advanced-level provider ------CORRECT ANSWER------------phone or radio contact with the medical director As an EMT, you may be authorized to administer aspirin to a patient with chest pain based on: -medical director approval -the patient's condition -the transport time to the hospita -an order from a paramedic ------CORRECT ANSWER------------medical director approval What should an EMT do to limit errors in the field? -deviate from established standards when necessary -follow the agency's written protocols -carry an EMT text for reference at all times -contact medical direction before initiating any treatments ------CORRECT ANSWER----- -------follow the agency's written protocols Which of the following courses requires about 150 hours of training? -AEMT -Paramedic -EMT -EMR ------CORRECT ANSWER------------EMT The ability to understand others and have them understand you is known as __________. -communication -scene leadership -self-confidence -teamwork and diplomacy ------CORRECT ANSWER------------communication Which of the following statements regarding the NREMT is correct? -the NREMT is a governmental agency that certifies EMTs -EMS training standards are regulated by the NREMT -the NREMT is the exclusive body for EMTs -the NREMT provides a national standard for EMS testing ------CORRECT ANSWER---- --------the NREMT provides a national standard for EMS testing The ability to take appropriate action with little direction is known as __________. -time management -self-motivation -self-confidence -diplomacy ------CORRECT ANSWER------------self-motivation Which of the following statements regarding the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) of 1990 is correct? -according to the ADA, EMT candidates with a documented disability are exempt from taking the NREMT exam -the ADA applies only to individuals with a diagnosed and well-documented physical disability -the minimum number of hours required to successfully complete an EMT course is less for candidates who are disabled -the ADA prohibits employers from failing to provide full and equal employment to those who are disabled ------CORRECT ANSWER------------the ADA prohibits employers from failing to provide full and equal employment to those who are disabled American Heart Association protocols are based on __________. -opinions from a core group of cardiologists -trends in the EMS community -evidence-based research -theories ready for field trial ------CORRECT ANSWER------------evidence-based research Which of the following agencies is the source of the EMT Agenda for the Future, the multidisciplinary national review of all aspects of EMS delivery? -Federal Emergency Management Agency -National Highway Traffic Safety Administration -Department of Health and Human Services -Department of Transportation ------CORRECT ANSWER------------National Highway Traffic Safety Administration Which of the following is an example of secondary prevention? -providing cervical spine immobilization -administering vaccines -teaching safety in schools -legislating the use of seat belts ------CORRECT ANSWER------------providing cervical spine immobilization Which of the following is the process in which a person, institution, or program is evaluated and recognized as meeting predetermined standards to provide safe and ethical care? -continuous quality improvement -licensure -certification -medical control ------CORRECT ANSWER------------Certification At what level is an individual who has training in basic life support, including automated external defibrillation, use of a definitive airway adjunct, and assisting patients with certain medications? -EMT -Paramedic -AEMT -EMR ------CORRECT ANSWER------------EMT What is the primary feature of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)? -it enables patients to travel without losing health insurance -it limits the availability if a patient's health care information -it prevents an emergency department from refusing to care for a critically ill patient -it requires insurance companies to justify denying health care ------CORRECT ANSWER------------it limits the availability if a patient's health care information Which organization developed and published the first curriculum that served as the guideline for EMT training? -Department of Transportation (DOT) -National Academy of Sciences -Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) -Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) ------CORRECT ANSWER----------- -Department of Transportation (DOT) Which of the following entities controls the licensure of EMTs? -the federal government -the state in which the EMT practices -community health organizations Vector-borne transmission of an infectious organism occurs via: -inanimate objects -smoke or dust -direct contact -animals or insects ------CORRECT ANSWER------------animals or insects Which of the following statements regarding HIV is correct? -HIV is transmitted exclusively via blood -HIV is far more contagious than hepatitis B -HIV is easily transmittable in the EMS field -there is no vaccine against HIV infection ------CORRECT ANSWER------------there is no vaccine against HIV infection When decontaminating the back of your ambulance after a call, you should: -spray the contaminated areas and then immediately wipe them dry with a towel -allow surfaces to air dry unless otherwise indicated in the product directions -use a bleach and water solution at a 1:2 dilution ratio to thoroughly wipe all surfaces -clean all surfaces and patient contact areas with a mixture of alcohol and water ------ CORRECT ANSWER------------allow surfaces to air dry unless otherwise indicated in the product directions After assessing a patient's blood glucose level, you accidentally stick yourself with the contaminated lancet. You should: -discontinue patient care and seek medical attention -report the incident to your supervisor after the call -immerse your wound in an alcohol-based solution -get immunized against hepatitis as soon as possible ------CORRECT ANSWER----------- -report the incident to your supervisor after the call The simplest yet most effective method of preventing the spread of an infectious disease is to: -ensure that your immunizations are up-to-date -undergo an annual physical examination -wash your hands in between patient contacts -undergo annual testing for tuberculosis and hepatitis ------CORRECT ANSWER---------- --wash your hands in between patient contacts At the scene of an automobile crash, a utility pole has been broken and power lines are lying across the car. The patients inside the car are conscious. You should: -remove the lines with a nonconductive object -mark off a danger zone around the downed lines -advise the patients to carefully get out of the car -proceed with normal extrication procedures ------CORRECT ANSWER------------mark off a danger zone around the downed lines Gloves, a mask, eye protection, and a face shield should be used: -during routine cleaning of the ambulance -when performing endotracheal intubation -whenever you touch nonintact skin -while handling needles or other straps ------CORRECT ANSWER------------when performing endotracheal intubation Vaccination against the hepatitis A virus is unnecessary if you: -have been infected with hepatitis in the past -received the hepatitis B vaccination -are older than 35 years of age -have a weak immune system ------CORRECT ANSWER------------have been infected with hepatitis in the past Which of the following would provide the EMT with the BEST cover in a situation involving active gunfire? -stacked empty barrels -a large cluster of shrubs -a concrete barricade -behind a car door ------CORRECT ANSWER------------a concrete barricade Quid pro quo, a type of sexual harassment, occurs when the harasser: -requests sexual favors in exchange for something else -touches another person without his or her consent -stares at certain parts of another persons's anatomy -makes rude remarks about a person's body parts ------CORRECT ANSWER------------ requests sexual favors in exchange for something else Which of the following scenarios MOST accurately depicts a posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) reaction? -a newly certified EMT becomes extremely nauseated and diaphoretic at the scene of an incident involving grotesque injuries -airborne transmission ------CORRECT ANSWER------------indirect contact Which of the following should you do when lifting something heavy? -lift using the muscles of your lower back -bend your legs, not your waist -keep the weight at arms's length from your body -wait for assistance ------CORRECT ANSWER------------bend your legs, not your waist Which of the following involved the spread of infection by animals or insects that carry an organism from one person or place to another? -bloodborne pathogens -vector-borne transmission -airborne transmission -foodborne transmission ------CORRECT ANSWER------------vector-borne transmission Recently you started noticing that a coworker is disinterested in his work. He has started coming in late and has taken to sitting alone and not socializing with other members of the team. The job has been stressful lately. Call volume has increased and you rarely have any downtime between calls. What is your coworker most likely experiencing? -delayed stress reaction -posttraumatic stress disorder -cumulatuve stress reaction -acute stress reaction ------CORRECT ANSWER------------cumulatuve stress reaction What blocks the ability of the hemoglobin to transport oxygen to body tissues? -smoke -carbon monoxide -carbon dioxide -cyanide ------CORRECT ANSWER------------carbon monoxide While treating a patient with a high fever and cough, you accudentally expose yourself to illness. What should you do? -do not report it but perform self-monitoring to be sure you are not infected -report it to the hospital staff so they can isolate the patient -ignore it. the risk of contamination is small -report it to the infection control officer ------CORRECT ANSWER------------report it to the infection control officer What was the focus of Dr. Elizabeth Kübler-Ross's On Death and Dying? -it gave specific guidelines on how to deliver hospice care to critically ill patients -it became the standard for EMS providers when dealing with violent death -it introduced the stages of grief ------CORRECT ANSWER------------it introduced the stages of grief What are the three stages of general adaptation syndrome? -an alarm response, reaction and resistance, and recovery/exhaustion -acute stress, delayed stress, and cumulative stress -discovering, defusing, and debriefing -denial, bargaining, and acceptance ------CORRECT ANSWER------------an alarm response, reaction and resistance, and recovery/exhaustion The tactical use of an impenetrable barrier for protection that law enforcement agents use is called what? -cover -concealment -infection control -indirect contact ------CORRECT ANSWER------------cover You are responding to an accident scene involving an overturned semi truck carrying diesel fuel. Which reference source will be most helpful in this case? -CDC standards for infection control -ANSI safety standards -OSHA guidelines -DOT Emergency Response Guidebook ------CORRECT ANSWER------------DOT Emergency Response Guidebook What program, often available for EMS personnel, involves contracted agencies that provide a wide array of mental health, substance abuse, crisis management, and counseling services? -a Voluntary Protection Program -an employee assistance program -an injury and illness prevention program -a critical incident stress management program ------CORRECT ANSWER------------an employee assistance program Which type of consent is involved when a 39-year-old mentally competent female with a severe headache asks you to take her to the hospital? -the family requests a copy for insurance purposes ------CORRECT ANSWER------------ the patient is competent and signs a release form During your monthly internal quality improvement (QI) meeting, you review several patient care reports (PCRs) with the staff of your EMS system. You identify the patient's name, age, and sex, and then discuss the treatment that was provided by the EMTs in the field. By taking this approach to the QI process, you: -are in violation of HIPAA because you did not remove the PHI from the PCR beforehand -violated the patient's privacy because you should have discussed the information only with the EMTs involved -adequately safeguarded the patient's PHI because the cases were discussed internally -acted appropriately but must have each EMT sign a waiver stating that he or she will not discuss the case with others ------CORRECT ANSWER------------are in violation of HIPAA because you did not remove the PHI from the PCR beforehand When is forcible restraint permitted? -when the patient poses a significant threat to self or others -only if law enforcement personnel have witnessed threatening behavior -only if consent to restrain is given by a family member -anytime that the EMT feels threatened ------CORRECT ANSWER------------when the patient poses a significant threat to self or others Maintaining the chain of evidence at the scene of a crime should include: -quickly moving any weapons out of the patient's sight -placing the patient in a private area until the police arrive -making brief notes at the scene and then completing them later -not cutting through holes in clothing that were caused by weapons ------CORRECT ANSWER------------not cutting through holes in clothing that were caused by weapons To help protect patients, EMS agencies are required to have __________. -public forums with their medical director -an anonymous reporting system -a privacy officer to answer questions -online access to patient records ------CORRECT ANSWER------------a privacy officer to answer questions You are called to attend to an elderly patient with an extensive medical history who is now in cardiac arrest. The patient's family tells you that the patient has a DNR order. There is no paperwork available but the patient does have a MedicAlert bracelet indicating Do Not Resuscitate. You should: -initiate resuscitation in the absence of paperwork -confirm the patient's identity and honor the DNR order -confirm the patient identity and then confirm the DNR by calling the MedicAlert Foundation number on the bracelet -transport with minimal care ------CORRECT ANSWER------------confirm the patient identity and then confirm the DNR by calling the MedicAlert Foundation number on the bracelet Which of the following statements about the patient care report is correct? -patient care cannot be discredited based on poor documentation -it is difficult to prove actions were performed if they are not included on the report -EMTs are not liable for any actions that are accurately documented -incomplete reports are common and accepted in EMs ------CORRECT ANSWER--------- ---it is difficult to prove actions were performed if they are not included on the report In which of the following situations does a legal duty to act clearly exist? -a call is received 15 minutes prior to shift change -a bystander encourages a victim who is not breathing -the EMT witnesses a vehicle crash while off duty -the EMT hears of a cardiac arrest after his or her shift ends ------CORRECT ANSWER- -----------a call is received 15 minutes prior to shift change Which of the following components are needed to prove negligence? -duty to act, abandonment, breach of duty, and causation -abandonment, breach of duty, damages, and causation -duty to act, breach of duty, injury/damages, and causation -breach of duty, injury/damages, adandonment, and causation ------CORRECT ANSWER------------duty to act, breach of duty, injury/damages, and causation An an EMT, the standards of emergency care are often partially based on: -a consensus among paramedic supervisors -the wishes of the general public -locally accepted protocols -the priorities of the medical director ------CORRECT ANSWER------------locally accepted protocols Which of the following general statements regarding consent is correct? -expressed consent is valid only if given in writing by a family member What is the best way to care for your patient once he tells you he does not want to go to the hospital? -ask him to sign a refusal form, releasing you from liability -get the police involved -order him to go to the hospital against his wishes -encourage him to call 9-1-1 again if his condition worsens ------CORRECT ANSWER--- ---------encourage him to call 9-1-1 again if his condition worsens The right of a patient to make decisions concerning his or her health is called what? -decision-making capacity -competence -implied consent -patient autonomy ------CORRECT ANSWER------------patient autonomy An obvious sign of death caused by discoloration of the body from pooling of the blood to the lower parts of the body is called what? -a presumptive sign -dependent lividity -rigor mortis -putrefaction ------CORRECT ANSWER------------dependent lividity You belong to a small volunteer EMS company and are treating a patient with chest pain, and you feel that the administration of aspirin is indicated. You ask the patient if he is allergic to aspirin and he says no. Shortly after you administer the aspirin, the patient develops signs and symptoms of a severe allergic reaction. Later in the hospital, the doctor advises you that the patient's medical history indicates that the patient has an allergy to aspirin. The patient later sues you. Which of the following is your best defense strategy? -statute of limitations -govenmental immunity -contributory negligence -gross negligence ------CORRECT ANSWER------------contributory negligence Which of the following describes a code of conduct that can be defined by society, religion, or a person, affecting character and conscience? -morality -ethics -applied ethics -bioethics ------CORRECT ANSWER------------morality Which of the following gives surrogates the right to make decisions for patients regarding their health care in the event that the patient is incapacitated and unable to make such decisions? -advance directive -emergency doctrine -durable power of attorney for health care -do not resuscitate (DNR) order ------CORRECT ANSWER------------durable power of attorney for health care You have responded to a vehicle accident call. Initially, the male patient allows you to splint his broken arm and complete a primary assessment. However, he rescinds comsent during transport and demands to be let out of the ambulance. If you refuse, which of the following might you be charged with? -battery -assault -false imprisonment -kidnapping ------CORRECT ANSWER------------false imprisonment Which of the following statements regarding a patient refusal is correct? -documentation of proposed care is unnecessary if the patient refuses treatment -a patient who comsumed a few beers will likely be able to refuse EMS treatment -advuce given to a patient who refuses EMS treatment should not be documented -a mentally competent adult has the legal right to refuse EMS care and transport ------ CORRECT ANSWER------------a mentally competent adult has the legal right to refuse EMS care and transport Which of the following is NOT a function of the Federal Communications Commission (FCC)? -maintaining communications equipment on the ambulance -licensing base stations and assigning approriate radio call signs -monitoring all radio traffic and conducting field spot checks -allocating specific radio frequencies for use by EMS providers ------CORRECT ANSWER------------maintaining communications equipment on the ambulance Effective therapeutic communication skills require _________. -verbal and nonverbal communication techniques -supervision by advanced life support personnel -English-speaking patients or family members -screening and assigning a priority to each call based on local protocols -selecting and notifying the correct EMS response units and personnel -coordinating responding EMS units with other public safety personnel -discouraging the caller from providing care until the EMS unit arrives ------CORRECT ANSWER------------discouraging the caller from providing care until the EMS unit arrives You and your partner arrive at the scene of a middle-aged female in cardiac arrest. Because of the remote geographic location, you are unable to contact medical control. What should you do? -ask the husband if he wants to continue resuscitation -make continuous attempts to contact medical control -follow locally established protocols or standing orders -perform CPR only and initiate immediate transport ------CORRECT ANSWER------------ follow locally established protocols or standing orders During your assessment of a 20-year-old man with a severe headache and nausea, you ask him when his headache began, but he does not answer your question immediately. You should: -ask him if he frequently experiences severe headaches and nausea -allow him time to think about the question and respond to it -tell him that you cannot help him unless he answers your questions -repeat your question because he probably did not hear you ------CORRECT ANSWER- -----------allow him time to think about the question and respond to it Which of the following incidents does NOT require a report to be filed with local authorities? -gunshot wounds -animal bites -cardiac arrest -spousal abuse ------CORRECT ANSWER------------cardiac arrest After receiving online orders from medical control to perform a patient care interventiom, you should: -perform the intervention as ordered -confirm the order in your own words -repeat the order to medical control word for word -ask the physician to repeat the order ------CORRECT ANSWER------------repeat the order to medical control word for word Which of the following statements regarding a "dedicated line" is correct? -it is a frequency that is used exclusively by EMTs to communicate with one another in the field -it is a constantly open line of communication that cannot be accessed by outside users -it is a designed frequency on a portable radio that provides direct access to medical control -it is a constantly open line of communication that is under exclusive control of a single user ------CORRECT ANSWER------------it is a constantly open line of communication that cannot be accessed by outside users A 4-year-old boy had an apparent seizure. He is conscious and calm and is sitting on his mother's lap. His father is sitting in a nearby chair. The child's mother suddenly begins crying uncontrollably, which causes the child to start crying. You should: -reassure the child's mother that seizures in children are very common and that there is nothing to worry about -give the child a favorite toy or blanket to hold onto and perform your assessment to the best of your ability -attempt to calm the child's mother, but avoid separating her from the child because this will increase her anxiety -ask the father to hold the child so you can assess him while your partner tries to calm the mother ------CORRECT ANSWER------------ask the father to hold the child so you can assess him while your partner tries to calm the mother You are transporting a 54-year-old male in respiratory arrest. An EMR is driving the ambulance as you and your partner are caring for the patient. Which of the following is the MOST logical way of notifying the hospital? -call the receiving hospital with your cel phone while providing patient care -wait until you arrive at the hospital and then quickly apprise the staff of the situation -have the driver contact dispatch and relay the patient information to the hospital -request that a police officer respond to the hospital to apprise the staff of your arrival --- ---CORRECT ANSWER------------have the driver contact dispatch and relay the patient information to the hospital You could be sued for ___________ if your radio report to the hospital describes the patient in a manner that injures his or her reputation. -libel -negligence -assault -slander ------CORRECT ANSWER------------slander You are dispatched to the residence of an Asian family for a child with a high fever. When you assess the child, you note that he has numerous red marks on his back. The child's parents explain that these marks represent coining—a traditional Asain healing practice in which hot coins are rubbed on the back. You should: -rapport -cultural imposition ------CORRECT ANSWER------------ethnicentrism Encouraging this patient to provide more information about his injury is an example of which therapeutic communication technique? -clarification -facilitation -reflection -interpretation ------CORRECT ANSWER------------facilitation What is the root word for pain? - asthen - angi - alges - centesis ------CORRECT ANSWER------------alges What term describes when only one lung is expanding with inhalation? - unilateral chest expansion - bilateral chest expansion - hemilateral chest expansion - lateral chest expansion ------CORRECT ANSWER------------unilateral chest expansion Your partner makes the following symbol in a PCR: Δ What does this mean? - change - less than - greater than - per ------CORRECT ANSWER------------change How would you identify a patient who does not have any apparent allergies? - NA - amb - AK - NKA ------CORRECT ANSWER------------NKA What is the medical term for coughing up blood? - hematemesis - hematuria - hemogastritis - hemoptysis ------CORRECT ANSWER------------hemoptysis What should you do when trying to define the term dysuria? - begin with the prefix and work forward - begin with the root word, move to the suffix, then to the prefix - begin with the suffix, move the the prefix, then to the root word - begin with the suffix and work backward ------CORRECT ANSWER------------begin with the suffix, move the the prefix, then to the root word In general, which of the following does a prefix describe? - location and intensity - condition - movement - anatomic position ------CORRECT ANSWER------------location and intensity What is adduction? - a directional term describing something farther from the trunk - something closer to or on the skin - motion of a limb toward the midline - motion of a limb away from the midline ------CORRECT ANSWER------------motion of a limb toward the midline What does asthenia mean? - pain - weakness - paralysis - vomiting ------CORRECT ANSWER------------weakness Capillary sphincter closure during internal or external bleeding is detrimental because: - high levels of oxygen remain in the cells and can cause significant damage. Trauma to the __________ lobe of the brain would likely result in visual disturbances. - parietal - frontal - temporal - occipital ------CORRECT ANSWER------------occipital A by-product of involuntary muscle contraction and relaxation is: - nitrogen. - oxygen. - lactic acid. - heat. ------CORRECT ANSWER------------heat A patient has a large accumulation of blood in the sac surrounding the heart. Which type of shock would this condition cause? - Hypovolemic - Cardiogenic - Neurogenic - Obstructive ------CORRECT ANSWER------------obstructive If a patient's chest barely moves during inhalation, even if the patient's respiratory rate is normal, you should suspect that: - expiratory reserve volume is decreased. - inspiratory reserve is increased. - minute volume is decreased. - overall tidal volume is increased. ------CORRECT ANSWER------------minute volume is decreased The waste products of aerobic metabolism include: - ATP and glucose. - carbon dioxide and water. - uric acid and nitrogen. - glucose and lactic acid. ------CORRECT ANSWER------------carbon dioxide and water The most superior section of the sternum is called the: - angle of Louis. - costal arch. - manubrium. - xiphoid process. ------CORRECT ANSWER------------manubrium Large amounts of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) are generated when: - the cells function without oxygen. - carbon dioxide levels in the blood are high. - the cells function with adequate oxygen. - circulating blood glucose levels fall. ------CORRECT ANSWER------------the cells function with adequate oxygen. At rest, the normal adult heart rate should not exceed: - 100 beats/min. - 90 beats/min. - 70 beats/min. - 80 beats/min. ------CORRECT ANSWER------------100 beats/min Stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system would result in: - a strong pulse. - a slower heart rate. - tachycardia. - vasoconstriction. ------CORRECT ANSWER------------a slower heart rate The vocal cords are located in the: - oropharynx. - nasopharynx. - larynx. - pharynx. ------CORRECT ANSWER------------larynx Pathophysiology is the study of the functional changes that occur when the body reacts to a particular: - assessment. - protocol. - disease. - medication. ------CORRECT ANSWER------------disease - metatarsals - metacarpals. - carpals. - phalanges. ------CORRECT ANSWER------------phalanges The ___________ is made up of the maxilla and zygoma, as well as the frontal bone of the cranium. - orbit - sphenoid - mastoid - occiput ------CORRECT ANSWER------------orbit Which of the following is NOT true of the lymphatic system? - Its vessels closely parallel the major arteries in the body. - It circulates oxygen, nutrients and hormones to the cells. - It relies on muscle movement to circulate lymph. - It circulates waste products of metabolism away from cells. ------CORRECT ANSWER- -----------Its vessels closely parallel the major arteries in the body. The central nervous system is composed of the: - spinal cord and sensory nerves. - brain and sensory nerves. - brain and spinal cord. - motor and sensory nerves. ------CORRECT ANSWER------------brain and spinal cord You arrive at the scene of an accident and observe the patient lying face-up on the ground. As you look at the front side of his body, which plane of the body are you observing? - transverse - midsagittal - sadgittal - coronal ------CORRECT ANSWER------------coronal After opening a patient's airway and confirming spontaneous respirations, you check for a pulse on his neck just lateral to the trachea. What artery are you palpating? - radial - femoral - brachial - carotid ------CORRECT ANSWER------------carotid Which of the following substances is the main element that the bone cells use to create a hard and resilient structure? - magnesium - sodium - potassium - calcium ------CORRECT ANSWER------------calcium What is the proper name for the cheekbone? - maxilla - mandible - zygoma - sphenoid ------CORRECT ANSWER------------zygoma The elbow is an example of what type of joint? - immovable - ball-and-socket -hinge - saddle ------CORRECT ANSWER------------hinge What structure of the brain is responsible for the level of consciousness and maintenance of vital signs? - brain stem - frontal lobe - occipital lobe - limbic system ------CORRECT ANSWER------------brain stem Your patient's initial pulse rate was 89 beats/min and now it is 116 beats/min. What part of the nervous system is responsible for this increase? - Somatic - Sympathetic - Parasympathetic -Cerebellum ------CORRECT ANSWER------------sympathetic What type of muscle is involved when you hear your stomach growling? - increased stiffness of the thoracic cage. - increased surface area available for air exchange. - decreased residual volume. - a loss of respiratory muscle mass. ------CORRECT ANSWER------------increased surface area available for air exchange. An infant or small child's airway can be occluded if it is overextended or overflexed because: - he or she has a long neck, which makes the trachea prone to collapse. - the back of the head is flat, which prevents a neutral position. - the tongue is proportionately small and can fall back into the throat. - the occiput is proportionately large and the trachea is flexible. ------CORRECT ANSWER------------the occiput is proportionately large and the trachea is flexible. The areas of the infant's skull that have not yet fused together are called ________. - cranial valleys - fontanelles - sutures - ventricles ------CORRECT ANSWER------------fontanelles Children of which age group are considered toddlers? - 1-3 years - 3-6 years - Over 6 years - 1 month to 1 year ------CORRECT ANSWER------------1-3 years The respiratory rate of 30 breaths per minute in an infant is ________. - too slow - too fast - too shallow - normal ------CORRECT ANSWER------------normal Which of the following describes the Moro reflex? - When the sole of the foot is stroked with a blunt object, the big toe lifts upward and the other toes fan outward. - When something touches a neonate's cheek, he or she instinctively turns his or her head toward the touch. - The neonate opens his or her arms wide, spreads his or her fingers, and seems to grasp at something after being startled. - An infant's heart rate decreases secondary to hypoxia because he or she depends heavily on the heart rate to perfuse the body. ------CORRECT ANSWER------------The neonate opens his or her arms wide, spreads his or her fingers, and seems to grasp at something after being startled. You are assessing a 13-month-old female who is running a fever and has been vomiting. While you are performing your physical examination on this child, you will MOST likely find that she: - will readily allow you to separate her from her mother. - responds to her name but is fearful of your presence. - is unable to track your movements with her eyes. - has bulging fontanelles secondary to severe dehydration. ------CORRECT ANSWER--- ---------responds to her name but is fearful of your presence. Age-related changes in the renal system result in: - a significant increase in filtration, which causes the excretion of large amounts of water from the body. - the formation of large amounts of urine secondary to an increase in kidney mass of up to 20%. - a decreased ability to clear wastes from the body and a decreased ability to conserve fluids when needed. - dilation of the blood vessels that supply the nephrons, which allows the kidneys to maintain their function. ------CORRECT ANSWER------------a decreased ability to clear wastes from the body and a decreased ability to conserve fluids when needed. Atherosclerosis is defined as ________. - dilation of the arteries - the blockage of a coronary artery - constriction of the blood vessels - the buildup of plaque inside blood vessels ------CORRECT ANSWER------------the blockage of a coronary artery Which of the following is NOT a common factor that would affect a 75-year-old patient's vital signs? - Increased weight - Overall health - Medical conditions - Medications ------CORRECT ANSWER------------Increased weight Why does the incidence of diabetes mellitus increase with age? - Toddlers - Adolescents - Older adults - Neonates ------CORRECT ANSWER------------Neonates At what stage do vital signs begin to level off within adult ranges? - Neonate - Preschool - School-age - Adolescent ------CORRECT ANSWER------------Adolescent Which of the following conditions is an infant most likely to have? -Disk compression in the spinal column - Loss of passive immunity - Airway obstruction - Atherosclerosis ------CORRECT ANSWER------------Airway obstruction Which age group is most likely to suffer from diabetes? - Infants - Adolescents - Middle adults - Older adults ------CORRECT ANSWER------------Older adults Which of the following statements is true about the physiology of older adults? - Older adults require more sleep than younger adults. - The filtration function of the kidneys decreases and the size of the kidney increases. - The metabolic rate in the older brain does not change. - Vital capacity is at its highest in older adults. ------CORRECT ANSWER------------The metabolic rate in the older brain does not change. Which of the following should be expected when you assess a 76-year-old patient's pupils? - Vision deficit - Unequal pupils - Slower pupillary reaction - Fixed, dilated pupils ------CORRECT ANSWER------------Slower pupillary reaction Which of the following affects vital signs the most in older adults? - Patient's cardiovascular system -Overall health of the patient - Patient's cardiovascular system - Patient's diet ------CORRECT ANSWER------------Overall health of the patient Which life stage is apt to be characterized by antisocial behavior and peer pressure? - Toddler - Adolescent - Early adult - Middle adult ------CORRECT ANSWER------------Adolescent Changes in which of the following body systems can result in the most debilitating of age-related illnesses? - Sensory - Nervous - Endocrine - Renal ------CORRECT ANSWER------------Nervous You are called to a scene where a 40-year-old man was clearing trees in a remote area and was struck by a falling tree. When you arrive, he is conscious but the tree is laying across his lower legs. How should you remove the victim once the tree is removed? - power lift - extremity lift - direct lift - clothes drag ------CORRECT ANSWER------------Direct lift When lifting the patient, it is imperative to use which proper body mechanics? - extend your arms out as far as possible - bend as far forward at the hips as possible - keep your feet close together - hold your back in an upright position ------CORRECT ANSWER------------Hold your back in an upright position When lifting a backboard, you should use which of the following? You are transporting a 50-year-old patient who reports respiratory distress but has no other indications of other injury or illness. What is the best position in which to place this patient? - immobilized - fowler/semi-fowler - recovery - supine ------CORRECT ANSWER------------Fowler/semi-fowler An unrestrained patient is sitting in his car after an automobile crash. He is conscious and alert, has no visible trauma, and is complaining of neck and back pain. Before removing him from his car, you should: - slide a scoop stretcher under his buttocks and rotate him laterally. - perform a detailed head-to-toe assessment and apply a cervical collar. - apply a cervical collar and immobilize him with a vest-style device. - maintain manual stabilization of his head and grasp him by the clothes. ------ CORRECT ANSWER------------apply a cervical collar and immobilize him with a vest- style device. Which of the following statements regarding an emergency patient move is correct? - It is not possible to perform an emergency move without injuring the patient. - An emergency move is performed before the primary assessment and treatment. - The patient is dragged against the body's long axis during an emergency move. - The spine must be fully immobilized prior to performing an emergency move. ------ CORRECT ANSWER------------An emergency move is performed before the primary assessment and treatment. Which of the following statements regarding the scoop stretcher is NOT correct? - A scoop stretcher will provide adequate immobilization of a patient's spinal column. - The construction of the scoop stretcher prohibits X-rays while the patient is on it. - You must fully secure the patient to the scoop stretcher before moving him or her. - Both sides of the patient must be accessible for a scoop stretcher to be used. ------ CORRECT ANSWER------------A scoop stretcher will provide adequate immobilization of a patient's spinal column. In most instances, you should move a patient on a wheeled ambulance stretcher by: - slightly lifting the stretcher to prevent unnecessary patient movement. - pushing the head of the stretcher while your partner guides the foot. - retracting the undercarriage and carrying the stretcher to the ambulance. - pushing the foot of the stretcher while your partner guides the head. ------CORRECT ANSWER------------pushing the head of the stretcher while your partner guides the foot. The extremity lift would NOT be appropriate to use on a patient: - with a deformed humerus. - without a spinal injury. - who complains of nausea. - with forearm lacerations. ------CORRECT ANSWER------------with a deformed humerus. In which of the following situations would a direct ground lift be the MOST appropriate method of moving a patient? - A conscious patient complaining of abdominal pain - A pedestrian with back pain after being struck by a car - A patient who complains of hip pain following a fall - An unconscious patient with a possible ischemic stroke ------CORRECT ANSWER------ ------A conscious patient complaining of abdominal pain You are attending to a 34-year-old male patient who requires transport to the hospital for assessment of his chronic back pain. The patient weighs over 750 pounds. Your bariatric stretcher has a wider surface area to allow for: - increased lifting capacity and patient weight load. - increased stability and leverage when lifting with more than two providers. - increased patient comfort and dignity. - better stability when moving the patient on uneven ground. ------CORRECT ANSWER- -----------increased patient comfort and dignity. You are attending to a 26-year-old female who is 34 weeks pregnant with her first child. Your patient has been having lower abdominal pains and cramping for the past two hours. In placing your patient on the stretcher and preparing for transport, you should place her: - in the Fowler position. - supine with her legs elevated. - in a position of comfort. - on her left side ------CORRECT ANSWER------------on her left side Which is the MOST appropriate method to use when moving a patient from his or her bed to a wheeled stretcher? - Log roll - Extremity carry - Draw sheet method - Direct carry ------CORRECT ANSWER------------Draw sheet method You should not attempt to lift a patient who weighs more than 250 lb with fewer than _______ rescuers, regardless of individual strength. - five - four - three - six ------CORRECT ANSWER------------four Situations in which you should use the rapid extrication technique include all of the following, EXCEPT: - a patient who blocks access to another seriously injured patient. - a patient who needs immediate care that requires a supine position. - a patient who can be properly assessed while still in the vehicle. - a patient whose condition requires immediate transport to the hospital. ------CORRECT ANSWER------------a patient who can be properly assessed while still in the vehicle. The MOST serious consequence of a poorly planned or rushed patient move is: - causing patient anxiety or fear. - confusion among team members. - injury to you or your patient. - unnecessarily wasting time. ------CORRECT ANSWER------------injury to you or your patient. It is essential that you ____________ your equipment to prevent the spread of disease. - decontaminate - incinerate - throw out - properly store ------CORRECT ANSWER------------decontaminate What is the first concern when entering a scene? - vital signs - physical assessment - ABC's - scene safety ------CORRECT ANSWER------------scene safety You respond to a home where a 25-year-old woman is lying in bed. She is semiconscious but opens her eyes when you speak to her, and is lethargic. How do you rate her on the AVPU scale? - awake and alert - responsive to pain - unresponsive - responsive to verbal stimuli ------CORRECT ANSWER------------- responsive to verbal stimuli Which of the following terms would be used to describe the patient's pulse rate of 140 beats/min? - tachycardia - dyspnea - bradycardia - tachypnea ------CORRECT ANSWER------------tachycardia What is a pertinent negative? - A negative finding that requires advanced life support - A negative finding that implies another condition may be present - A negative finding that requires further care and/or intervention - A negative finding that requires no further care or intervention ------CORRECT ANSWER------------A negative finding that requires no further care or intervention What is the purpose of the primary assessment? - To perform a systematic physical examination - To identify and treat changes in a patient's condition - To identify and begin to treat immediate life threats - To evaluate the conditions in which you are operating ------CORRECT ANSWER-------- ----To identify and begin to treat immediate life threats At what point in the patient assessment process do you investigate the chief complaint? - History taking - Reassessment - Secondary assessment - Primary assessment ------CORRECT ANSWER------------History taking When treating a 6-year-old, you note a brassy crowing sound, especially when she breathes in. What is this? - Crackle - Snoring - reevaluate his or her airway status. - auscultate his or her breath sounds. ------CORRECT ANSWER------------reevaluate his or her airway status. After performing a head tilt-chin lift maneuver to open the airway of an unresponsive patient who has a pulse, you should: - assess respiratory rate, depth, and regularity. - place him or her in the recovery position. - provide positive-pressure ventilatory assistance. - suction as needed and insert an airway adjunct. ------CORRECT ANSWER------------ suction as needed and insert an airway adjunct. The chief complaint is MOST accurately defined as the: - condition that exacerbates an underlying problem. - most life-threatening condition that you discover. - gross physical signs that you detect on assessment. - most serious thing the patient is concerned about. ------CORRECT ANSWER------------ most serious thing the patient is concerned about. When auscultating the blood pressure in a patient's upper extremity, you should place the head of the stethoscope over the _________ artery. - femoral - radial - apical - brachial ------CORRECT ANSWER------------brachial A decrease in blood pressure may indicate: - increased blood volume. - loss of vascular tone. - arterial constriction. - forceful cardiac contraction. ------CORRECT ANSWER------------loss of vascular tone. Which of the following scenarios does NOT involve the presence of any symptoms? - A 44-year-old male with abdominal pain and severe dizziness - A 49-year-old female with blurred vision and ringing in the ears - A 55-year-old male with a severe headache and 2 days of nausea - A 61-year-old female who is unconscious with facial cyanosis ------CORRECT ANSWER------------A 61-year-old female who is unconscious with facial cyanosis Which of the following is the MOST effective method of assessing the quality of air movement in the lungs? - Looking for the presence of accessory muscle use - Applying a pulse oximeter and monitoring the SpO2 - Evaluating the patient's chest for cyanosis - Auscultating breath sounds with a stethoscope ------CORRECT ANSWER------------ Auscultating breath sounds with a stethoscope Which of the following questions would you ask a patient to ascertain the "M" in the SAMPLE history? - "Have you ever had any major surgeries?" - "How long have you had your chest pain?" - "How much Tylenol do you take each day?" - "When was the last time you ate a meal?" ------CORRECT ANSWER------------"How much Tylenol do you take each day?" When approaching a 32-year-old male who is complaining of traumatic neck pain, you should: - approach him from behind and ask him not to move. - assess his mental status by having him move his head. - stand behind him and immediately stabilize his head. - ensure that the patient can see you approaching him. ------CORRECT ANSWER-------- ----ensure that the patient can see you approaching him. Treatment and transport priorities at the scene of a mass-casualty incident should be determined after: - a physician arrives at the scene. - the number of patients is known. - all the patients have been triaged. - area hospitals have been notified. ------CORRECT ANSWER------------all the patients have been triaged. Which of the following actions would NOT be performed during the scene size-up? - Asking a neighbor to secure the patient's dog - Notifying the dispatcher to send fire personnel - Noting the position of a crashed motor vehicle - Rapidly assessing a patient's respiratory status ------CORRECT ANSWER------------ Rapidly assessing a patient's respiratory status You answer a call to a restaurant where you find an unresponsive 50-year-old woman laying on the floor. She appears cyanotic and you do not detect chest rise and fall. There are no signs of traumatic injury. What should you do first? - apply oxygen with a nonrebreathing mask and assess vital signs - prepare for immediate transport to a hospital - insert an oral airway and begin ventilations with a BVM - check the patient for any medical alert tags ------CORRECT ANSWER------------insert an oral airway and begin ventilations with a BVM You are assessing ventilations with a BVM and notice the patient's chest does not rise and fall with each ventilation. What should you do? - assume there is a foreign body airway obstruction and immediately begin chest compressions - assume there is a foreign body airway obstruction and attempt to ventilate using an alternative method - reposition the airway by bringing the head back to a neutral position, then reopen the airway and attempt to ventilate - reposition the airway by hyperextending the head to allow for better anatomic position, then attempt to ventilate ------CORRECT ANSWER------------reposition the airway by bringing the head back to a neutral position, then reopen the airway and attempt to ventilate How can gastric distention be prevented when performing artificial ventilations? - provide slow, gentle breaths during artificial ventilation over 3 seconds - provide rapid, forceful breaths during artificial ventilations over 3 seconds - provid slow, gentle breaths during artificial ventilation over 1 second - provide rapid, forceful breaths during artificial ventilation over 1 second ------ CORRECT ANSWER------------provide slow, gentle breaths during artificial ventilation over 1 second Which of the following is contraindicted in a patient who has sustained a head injury? - insertion of a nasal airway - insertiom of an oral airway - jaw-thrust maneuver - mouth-to-mask ventilation ------CORRECT ANSWER------------insertion of a nasal airway While you are performing artificial ventilations on a patient, he vomits. What should you do? - stop ventilations and wait for advanced life support - continue ventilations with increased force to prevent aspiration - roll the patient onto his side to allow for drainage of emesis - immediately stop ventilations and begin chest compressions ------CORRECT ANSWER------------roll the patient onto his side to allow for drainage of emesis What is respiration? - the physical act of moving air into and out of lungs - the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the alveoli and tissues - the production of energy through nutrient and oxygen combination - the process of loading oxygen molecules into hemoglobin molecules in the bloodstream ------CORRECT ANSWER------------the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the alveoli and tissues Excellent indicators of respiration include level of consciousness and what else? - posturing - skin color - flaring - wheezing or stridor ------CORRECT ANSWER------------skin color What is the preferred method of ventilating a patient? - mouth-to-mask with one-way valve - two-person BVM with reservoir and supplemental oxygen - one-person BVM with reservoir -manually triggered ventilation device ------CORRECT ANSWER------------mouth-to- mask with one-way valve What is the main problem with positive-pressure ventilation? - cardiac output drops - cardiac output -there is a decrease in intrathoracic pressure - hemothorax ------CORRECT ANSWER------------cardiac output drops Which of the following is an indication of poor air exchange? - stridor - pneumothorax - gastric distention - wheezing ------CORRECT ANSWER------------stridor - a 19-year-old conscious male with a closed head injury and normal respirations ------ CORRECT ANSWER------------a 31-year-old semiconscious male with low blood sugar and adequate breathing Which of the following statements regarding oxygen is correct? - Oxygen cylinders must always remain in an upright position. - Oxygen is flammable and may explode if under high pressure. - Oxygen supports the combustion process and may cause a fire. - Oxygen is most safely administered in an enclosed environment. ------CORRECT ANSWER------------Oxygen supports the combustion process and may cause a fire. The nasopharyngeal airway is MOST beneficial because it: - effectively maintains the airway of a patient in cardiopulmonary arrest. - can maintain a patent airway in a semiconscious patient with a gag reflex. - is generally well tolerated in conscious patients with an intact gag reflex. - can effectively stabilize fractured nasal bones if it is inserted properly. ------CORRECT ANSWER------------can maintain a patent airway in a semiconscious patient with a gag reflex. When testing a mechanical suctioning unit, you should turn on the device, clamp the tubing, and ensure that it generates a vacuum pressure of more than: - 00 mm Hg. - 400 mm Hg. - 200 mm Hg. - 300 mm Hg. ------CORRECT ANSWER------------300 mm Hg. A patient who is suspected of being hypoxic and is breathing adequately should be given supplemental oxygen with a: - bag-valve mask. - nasal cannula. - mouth-to-mask device. - nonrebreathing mask. ------CORRECT ANSWER------------nonrebreathing mask. In which of the following patients would the head tilt-chin lift maneuver be the MOST appropriate method of opening the airway? - A 50-year-old male who is unconscious following head trauma - A 24-year-old male who is found unconscious at the base of a tree - A 45-year-old male who is semiconscious after falling 20 feet - A 37-year-old female who is found unconscious in her bed ------CORRECT ANSWER-- ----------A 37-year-old female who is found unconscious in her bed A 19-year-old female is found unconscious by her roommate. Your primary assessment reveals that her breathing is inadequate. As you insert an oropharyngeal airway, she begins to gag violently. You should: - continue to insert the airway as you suction her oropharynx. - insert the airway no further but leave it in place as a bite block. - remove the airway and be prepared to suction her oropharynx. - select a smaller oropharyngeal airway and attempt to insert it. ------CORRECT ANSWER------------remove the airway and be prepared to suction her oropharynx. Which of the following is the MOST reliable indicator of adequately performed bag-valve mask ventilations in an apneic adult with a pulse? - Twenty breaths/min being delivered to the adult - Adequate rise of the chest when squeezing the bag - Consistently increasing heart rate - Decreased compliance when squeezing the bag ------CORRECT ANSWER------------ Adequate rise of the chest when squeezing the bag Which of the following statements regarding normal gas exchange in the lungs is correct? - The oxygen content in the alveoli is highest during the exhalation phase. - Blood that returns to the lungs from the body has low levels of carbon dioxide. - Oxygen and carbon dioxide diffuse across the alveolar walls and capillaries. - The actual exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide occurs in the capillaries. ------ CORRECT ANSWER------------Oxygen and carbon dioxide diffuse across the alveolar walls and capillaries. You are ventilating a patient with a stoma; however, air is escaping from the mouth and nose. To prevent this, you should: - ventilate with less pressure. - seal the mouth and nose. - thrust the jaw forward. - thoroughly suction the stoma. ------CORRECT ANSWER------------seal the mouth and nose. Which of the following statements regarding breathing adequacy is correct? - A patient with slow respirations and adequate depth will experience an increase in minute volume. - The single most reliable sign of breathing adequacy in the adult is his or her respiratory rate. - inhaled - injection - sublingual - oral ------CORRECT ANSWER------------sublingual Which of the following is an advantage of MDI drug administration over SVN drug administration? - The patient does not need to be conscious for MDI drug administration. - MDI medications have no side effects. - MDI medications do not expire. - The MDI route does not require an external oxygen source. ------CORRECT ANSWER------------The MDI route does not require an external oxygen source. Activated charcoal comes in which medication form? - suspension - gel - solution - tablet ------CORRECT ANSWER------------suspension Why should you not use an oral route to deliver medication in a patient with an altered LOC? - It takes too long for medicine to be delivered using the oral route. - The medication will not work as intended in a patient with altered LOC. - The patient will likely be combative so an oral route will be difficult. - There is a potential for airway compromise. ------CORRECT ANSWER------------There is a potential for airway compromise During your treatment of a patient having a stroke whose breathing is normal and oxygen saturation is 96%, you administer oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask at 10 to 15 L/min. This is an example of what? - knowledge-based error - rules-based error - therapeutic effect - skills-based error ------CORRECT ANSWER------------knowledge-based error You are treating a 4-year-old who has been vomiting for 2 days. Which route should you use to deliver anti-nausea medication? - intramuscular - intravenous - subcutaneous - per rectum ------CORRECT ANSWER------------per rectum When administering a medication you are unfamiliar with, what is the first thing you should do? - Verify the form, dose, and route of the medication. - Obtain an order from medical control. - Verify the proper medication and prescription. - Check the expiration date and condition of the medication. ------CORRECT ANSWER-- ----------Obtain an order from medical control A 37-year-old male is found unresponsive in his car. His airway is patent and his respirations are rapid and labored. As you and your partner are assessing and treating the patient, a police officer hands you a medication named Alupent, which he found in the backseat of the patient's car. This medication suggests that the patient has a history of: - allergic reactions - heart disease - asthma - hypertension ------CORRECT ANSWER------------asthma Which of the following statements regarding the epinephrine auto-injector is correct? - The auto-injector delivers epinephrine via the subcutaneous route. - The adult auto-injector delivers 0.5 to 1 mg of epinephrine. - EMTs do not need physician authorization to use the auto-injector. - The epinephrine auto-injector delivers a preset amount of the drug. ------CORRECT ANSWER------------The epinephrine auto-injector delivers a preset amount of the drug. Which of the following statements regarding glucose is correct? - Glucose is a complex sugar that rapidly absorbs into the bloodstream. - Glucose is usually administered by the EMT via the intravenous route. - Glucose is given to patients who are suspected of being hyperglycemic. - Glucose is a simple sugar that is readily absorbed by the bloodstream. ------CORRECT ANSWER------------Glucose is a simple sugar that is readily absorbed by the bloodstream. EMTs respond to a known heroin abuser who is unresponsive. If they give naloxone (Narcan) to this patient, the EMTs should recall that: Which of the following medication routes delivers a drug through the skin over an extended period of time, such as a nitroglycerin or nicotine patch? - Subcutaneous - Transcutaneous - Sublingual - Intraosseous ------CORRECT ANSWER------------Transcutaneous Which of the following medication routes would be the MOST appropriate to use in an unresponsive patient when intravenous access cannot be obtained? - Intraosseous - Intramuscular - Subcutaneous - Transcutaneous ------CORRECT ANSWER------------Intraosseous The term "pharmacology" is MOST accurately defined as: - the study of drug excretion from the human body. - the study of how medications affect the brain. - the study of drugs that are produced illegally. - the study of drugs and their actions on the body. ------CORRECT ANSWER------------ the study of drugs and their actions on the body. How is nitroglycerin usually given by the EMT? - Orally - Sublingually - Inhaled - Injected ------CORRECT ANSWER------------Sublingually What medication form does oral glucose come in? - Suspension - Fine powder - Liquid - Gel ------CORRECT ANSWER------------Gel Which of the following patient populations typically require a modified drug dose? - Patients with asthma - Females - Pediatric patients - Middle adults ------CORRECT ANSWER------------Pediatric patients Advil, Nuprin, and Motrin are trade names for the generic medication: - aspirin - ibuprofen - nitrostat - acetaminophen ------CORRECT ANSWER------------ibuprofen Which of the following is an example of a rules-based medication error? - The EMT administers a drug that is contraindicated for the patient. - The EMT accidentally gives a higher drug dose than what is indicated. - The EMT administers the correct drug, but gives it by the wrong route. - The EMT administers a drug that is not approved by the medical director. ------ CORRECT ANSWER------------The EMT administers a drug that is not approved by the medical director. Which of the following is an example of a generic drug? - Bayer - Aspirin - Excedrin - Advil ------CORRECT ANSWER------------Aspirin Shortly after assisting a 65-year-old female with her prescribed nitroglycerin, she begins complaining of dizziness and experiences a drop of 30 mm Hg in her systolic blood pressure. The patient remains conscious and her breathing is adequate. You should: - transport her in a sitting position. - place her in a supine position. - assist ventilations with a bag-valve mask. - wait 5 minutes and reassess her blood pressure. ------CORRECT ANSWER------------ place her in a supine position. Which of the following terms is used to describe a balance of all body systems? - Hypothermia - Diffusion - Perfusion - Homeostasis ------CORRECT ANSWER------------Homeostasis You arrive on scene to find a conscious 58-year-old woman sitting up and reporting severe chest pain and shortness of breath. She is anxious and tells you she feels like she is going to die. Physical examination shows that her skin is pale, cool, and clammy and her pulse is rapid, weak, and irregular. Her breathing is labored, with a respiratory