2024 Fisdap Airway Management Questions and Answers FINAL EXAM PREDICTOR!!!, Exams of Nursing

Download 2024 Fisdap Airway Management Questions and Answers FINAL EXAM PREDICTOR!!! and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! 2024 Fisdap Airway Management Questions and Answers FINAL EXAM PREDICTOR!!! Potential effects of orotracheal intubation. - SOLUTION Secure airway, Protection against aspiration. Bleeding, hypoxia laryngeal swelling, laryngospasms, vocal cord, mucosal necrosis, barotrauma. Potential effects of moving an intubated patient. - SOLUTION With a firmly secured tube the tip of the ET tube can move as much as 2 inches with head flexion and extension; with hyperflexion the tube can be pulled from the trachea completely. Hyperextension can cause the ET tube to be pushed further into the trachea. Consider C-collar to keep the head in neutral position. When to exubate a patient? - SOLUTION Patients are rarely extubated in the prehospital setting. The only reason to consider extubation is if the patient is extremely intolerant of it or the ET tube is placed incorrectly. (Extremely combative, gagging or retching). It is typically safer to sedate the patient rather than extubate. Before performing field extubation, you should contact medical control or follow local protocols. Potential effects of overinflation of the distal cuff. - SOLUTION Overinflation of the distal cuff may cause tissue necrosis of the tracheal wall. Indications for airway suctioning. - SOLUTION When the patient's mouth or throat becomes filled with vomit, blood or secretions. Audible gurgling. Gold standard for successful intubation. - SOLUTION The gold standard is endotracheal intubation; Gold standard for evidence of successful intubation is in-line capnography. Indications for direct laryngoscopy and magill forceps. - SOLUTION If you are unable relieve a severe airway obstruction in an unresponsive patient with basic techniques. Have Magill forceps available should you need to guide the ET tube between the vocal cords or if you encounter a foreign body obstruction during laryngoscopy. Potential complications of endotracheal intubation. - SOLUTION Bleeding, hypoxia, laryngeal swelling, laryngospasm, vocal cord damage, mucosal necrosis, and barotrauma. Anatomical place of a Miller blade. - SOLUTION The straight laryngoscope blade (Miller) is designed so that its tip will extend beneath the epiglottis and directly lift it up. Anatomical placement of a Macintosh blade. - SOLUTION Curve of blade conforms to tongue and pharynx. The tip of the blade is placed in the vallecula. Indications for nasotracheal intubation. - SOLUTION Nasotracheal intubation is indicated for patients who are breathing spontaneously but require definitive airway management to prevent further deterioration of their condition. Responsive patients and patients with an altered mental status and an intact gag reflex who are in respiratory failure because of conditions such as COPD, asthma, or pulmonary edema. Volume of the distal cuff of a endotracheal tube. - SOLUTION 5-10 mL Correct tube placement confirmation. - SOLUTION 1. Visualizing the the ET tube passing between the vocal cords. 2. Equal and bilateral lung sounds. 3. If the ET tube has been placed properly then it should be easy to compress the bag-mask device, and you should see corresponding chest expansion. 4. Continuous waveform capnography, ETC02 detector or an esophageal detector device. Treatment of FBAO. - SOLUTION 1.If a patient with a suspected airway obstruction is responsive ask if they are choking. If they can speak encourage them to cough. If they can't speak, begin treatment immediately. 2. Open the airway and attempt ventilation. If unable to ventilate, reposition airway and reattempt ventilation. 3. If you find large pieces of vomitus, mucus, loose dentures or blood clots in the airway, then sweep them forward out of the mouth with your gloved index finger. 4. No blind finger sweeps Shark finning - SOLUTION A shark fin capnographic waveform indicates bronchospasms. Signifies difficulty with exhalation and incomplete alveolar emptying. Indications for positive pressure ventilation. - SOLUTION Patients who are breathing inadequately; too fast or too slow with reduced tidal volume (shallow breathing). Irregular breathing pattern Signs of altered mental status and inadequate minute volume. Accessory muscle use and labored breathing. Complications of too fast or forceful BVM ventilations. - SOLUTION Gastric distension (and associated risks of vomiting and aspiration), and decreased venous return to the heart (preload) due to increased intrathoracic pressure. Corrective action for low or high ETCO2. - SOLUTION Low: Due to hyperventilation, decrease ventilatory rate. High: Due to hypoventilation, increase ventilatory rate. Surfactant. - SOLUTION A liquid protein substance that coats the alveoli in the lungs, decreases alveolar surface tension, and keeps the alveoli expanded; a low level in a premature infant contributes to respiratory distress syndrome. external respiration - SOLUTION External respiration pulmonary respiration) is the process of exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide between the alveoli and blood in the pulmonary capillaries. Respiratory acidosis - SOLUTION Respiratory acidosis is always related to hypoventilation. Decreased lung tidal volume reduces the amount of CO2 that is exhaled, causing hypercapnia (increased CO2) respiratory alkalosis - SOLUTION Respiratory alkalosis is associated with conditions that result in hyperventilation. Increased respiratory rate decreases the amount of circulating carbon dioxide in the body. Hyperventilation accompanied by carpopedal spasm is a classic sign of respiratory alkalosis. Indications for albuterol nebulizer. - SOLUTION Bronchospasms ( COPD, Asthma, Burns, Pneumonia, Anaphylaxis), Hypokalemia. Pulmonary Embolism S/S; Tx. - SOLUTION Sudden dyspnea and cyanosis, sharp pain in the chest. Cyanosis that doesn't resolve with oxygen therapy, blood clot in legs. Tx: Anticoagulants S/S of CHF (left sided) - SOLUTION Failure of the left ventricle causes an accumulation of fluid in the pulmonary system (pulmonary edema) Pulmonary edema (fluid in lungs) Dyspnea Orthopnea (inability to breathe while lying flat) Abnormal lung sounds (crackles, rales) Hypoxemia ALOC S/S of hyperventilation syndrome - SOLUTION Rapid respiratory rate, carpopedal spasms. Tx for benzo overdose - SOLUTION Airway maintenance, cardiorespiratory monitoring and support. IV fluids. Flumazenil, Activated charcoal. Physiological effects of respiratory failure - SOLUTION Acute respiratory failure occurs when fluid builds up in the air sacs in your lungs. When that happens, your lungs can't release oxygen into your blood. In turn, your organs can't get enough oxygen-rich blood to function. You can also develop acute respiratory failure if your lungs can't remove carbon dioxide from your blood. Respiratory failure happens when the capillaries, or tiny blood vessels, surrounding your air sacs can't properly exchange carbon dioxide for oxygen. The condition can be acute or chronic. s/s of aspiration - SOLUTION Gurgling, coughing, feeling that something is stuck in throat, wheezing, trouble breathing. Indications for needle cricothyrotomy - SOLUTION The inability to ventilate the patient by other, less invasive techniques; Massive maxilofacial trauma; inability to open the patient's mouth; uncontrolled oropharyngeal bleeding. S/S of ammonia inhalation - SOLUTION Swelling and irritation of the upper airway. If the substance gets in the patient's eyes, they eyes will burn, feel inflamed and irritated. S/S of epiglottitis - SOLUTION Severe, rapidly progressive inflammation of the epiglottis, may be fatal due to sudden airway obstruction. Sore throat, fever, drooling, hoarseness, purposeful hyper extension of the neck. Laryngotracheitis (Croup) - SOLUTION Condition characterized by stridor, hoarseness and a barking cough that most commonly occurs in infants and children S/S of emphysema - SOLUTION Barrel chest, tachypneic, pursed lip breathing, increased I/E ratio, abdominal muscle use, JVD. S/S of pneumonia - SOLUTION Weakness, productive cough, fever, sometimes chest pain that worsens with coughing, shaking chills, crackles in the lungs, tactile fremitus, sputum production. Respiratory drive in a COPD patient. - SOLUTION Hypoxic Drive: state in which a person's stimulus to breathe comes from a decrease in PaO2 rather than from the normal stimulus, an increase in PaO2. S/S of spontaneous pneumothorax - SOLUTION Tachycardia, low SPO2, cyanosis, wheezing, pain/swelling in 1 or both legs, decreased lung sounds in injured lung, shortness of breath.