2024 Fundamentals of Nursing Test 1 Actual Practice Questions and Correct Answers, Exams of Nursing

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2024 Fundamentals of Nursing Test 1

Actual Practice Questions and Correct

Answers

An 18-year-old woman is in the emergency department with fever and cough. The nurse obtains her vital signs, listens to her lung and heart sounds, determines her level of comfort, and collects blood and sputum samples for analysis. Which standard of practice is performed? Assessment

Which of the following categories of shared theories would be most appropriate for a patient who is grieving the loss of a spouse? Psychosocial

Which of the following types of theory influence the "evidence" in current "evidence-based practice (EBP)"? Middle-range theory

Which is the desired outcome of the health promotion model? 2 Encouraging health-promoting behavior

Nurses have developed theories in response to: (Select all that apply.) 1, 2, 3, 4, 6

A nurse enters a patient's room, arranges the supplies for a Foley catheter insertion, and explains the procedure to the patient. She tells the patient what to expect; just before inserting the catheter, she tells the patient to relax and that, once the catheter is in place, she will not feel the bladder pressure. The nurse then proceeds to skillfully insert the Foley catheter. This is an example of what type of touch? Task-oriented touch

Although knowing his credit card balance is at the maximum a man charges a new pair of jeans that cost $40. When his statement shows a balance that is over the credit allowance, he tells his wife, "but they were 50% off and they might sell out before I have the cash". Which defense mechanism is he utilizing? Rationalization

Match the advanced practice nurse specialty with the statement about the role. 1b, 2d, 3c, 4a

Based on the transtheoretical model of change, which is the most appropriate response to a patient who states, "Me, exercise? I haven't done that since junior high gym class, and I hated it then!" 3 "I understand. Can you think of one reason why being more active would be helpful for you?"

Many older homes in a neighborhood are undergoing a lot of restoration. Lead paint was used. The community clinic in the neighborhood is initiating a lead screening program. This activity is based on which social determinant of health? Physical environment

Theory is essential to nursing practice because it: (Select all that apply.) 1, 2, 4, 6

The nurse caring for a Bosnian community identifies that the children are undervaccinated and the community is unaware of resources. The nurse assesses the community and determines that there is a health clinic within a 5-mile radius. The nurse meets with the community leaders and explains the need for immunizations, the location of the clinic, and the process of accessing health care resources. Which of the following practices is the nurse providing? (Select all that apply.) 1, 2, 4

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), what is the definition of health? 2 Complete physical, mental, and social well-being

A Muslim woman enters the clinic to have a woman's health examination for the first time. Which nursing behavior applies Swanson's caring process of "knowing the patient?" Gaining an understanding of what a woman's health examination means to the patient

Place the following stages of Freud's psychosexual development in the proper order by age progression. 3, 5, 2, 1, 4

A child becomes so angry at his mother for not allowing him to play outside in the rain that he throws his toy truck at the wall. This illustrates which use of the following defense mechanisms? Displacement

A nurse hears a colleague tell a nursing student that she never touches a patient unless she is performing a procedure or doing an assessment. The nurse tells the student that from a caring perspective: Touch forms a connection between nurse and patient.

A nurse meets with the registered dietitian and physical therapist to develop a plan of care that focuses on improving nutrition and mobility for a patient. This is an example of which Quality and Safety in the Education of Nurses (QSEN) competency? Teamwork and collaboration

The nurse spends time with the patient and family reviewing the dressing change procedure for the patient's wound. The patient's spouse demonstrates how to change the dressing. The nurse is acting in which professional role? Educator

Individual psychotherapy, known as the "couch technique", and dream analysis are therapeutic modalities of which theory? Freud's Psychoanalytic Theory

A nurse who works on a pediatric unit asks, "I wonder if children who interact with therapy dogs have reduced anxiety when they are in the hospital." In this example of a PICOT question, which of the following is the O? 4 Anxiety

A nurse is interacting with a client who as part of therapy for a phobic (unrealistic fear) disorder is undergoing a program of systematic desensitization. This therapy is based on which of the following theories? Skinner's Behavioral Theory

Vulnerable populations of patients are those who are more likely to develop health problems as a result of: Excess risks, limits in access to health care services, and dependency on others for care

A nurse in a community health clinic noticed an increase in the number of positive tuberculosis (TB) skin tests from students in a local high school during the most recent academic year. After comparing these numbers to the previous years, 10% increase in positive tests was found. The nurse contacts the school nurse and the director of the health department. Together they begin to expand their assessment to all students and employees of the school district. The community nurse was acting in which nursing role(s)? (Select all that apply.) 1, 3 Presence involves a person-to-person encounter that: Conveys a closeness and a sense of caring.

An 18-month-old child is noted by the parents to be "angry" about any change in routine. This child's temperament is most likely to be described as: 2 Difficult.

Theoretical basis of the Token Economics system in a mental health nursing unit:

Skinner - privileges or rewards offer positive reinforcement for positive behavior Explanation: B.F. Skinner's theory of operant conditioning is the basis for token economies, where behaviors are reinforced through rewards. Erikson's stage of personality development for a couple planning for their first child:

Generativity vs. stagnation Explanation: In Erikson's theory, individuals in their 30s and 40s are typically in the generativity vs. stagnation stage, focusing on nurturing the next generation and contributing to society.

Maslow's level of need addressed by the nurse's activities:

Physiological Explanation: Encouraging fluid intake, checking blood pressure, and addressing constipation are actions aimed at meeting physiological needs.

Nurse acting as the patient's:

Advocate Explanation: By discussing the patient's wishes and explaining the risks and benefits of surgery to the family, the nurse is advocating for the patient's preferences and best interests.

Action to take for a nurse having difficulty communicating with a Greek father:

Search for help with language interpretation and develop an understanding of the cultural differences. Explanation: Utilizing interpretation services and understanding cultural differences are essential for effective communication and providing culturally competent care.

Example of adolescent personal fable:

Personal fable

Explanation: The belief that "it would never happen to me" reflects the personal fable, a cognitive distortion common in adolescents where they feel unique and invulnerable.

Example of a PICOT question:

PICOT question Explanation: The nurse's question about the most effective ways to help school-age children maintain a healthy weight fits the format of a PICOT question, which is used in evidence-based practice to frame clinical research questions.

Part of a research article with a brief summary including purpose and implications:

Abstract Explanation: The abstract provides a concise summary of the research study, including its purpose and implications for practice.

Type of education for learning to use a new pressure-relieving device:

In-service education Explanation: In-service education refers to training provided within the workplace to enhance the skills and knowledge of staff members.

Expected model from health care reform:

Moving from an acute illness to a health promotion, illness prevention model Explanation: Health care reform aims to shift the focus from treating acute illnesses to promoting health and preventing diseases.

Matching descriptions to the appropriate grand theorist:

1d, 2c, 3b, 4a Explanation: King: Based on the belief that nurses should work with patients to develop goals for care. Henderson: Based on 14 activities, the belief that the nurse should assist patients with meeting needs until they are able to do so independently. Orem: Based on the belief that people who participate in self-care activities are more likely to improve their health outcomes. Neuman: Based on the theory that focuses on wellness and prevention of disease.

Nurse helping a patient find the meaning of cancer:

Instilling hope and faith Explanation: Supporting beliefs about life and helping patients find meaning in their experiences aligns with instilling hope and faith.

Theory applied by the nurse caring for a stroke patient:

Orem Explanation: Orem's theory focuses on assisting patients with self-care needs until they can perform these activities independently.

Primary prevention program intervention:

Explaining the importance of a nutritious diet Explanation: Primary prevention involves measures taken to prevent the onset of illness or injury, such as health education about a nutritious diet.

Relevant factors to assess for safety in the given scenario:

Lighting, locks, clutter, medications Explanation: These factors are directly related to the safety of an elderly person living alone.

Information expected in the methods section of a research article:

1, 3 Explanation: The methods section typically includes details on how the study was conducted and the number and type of subjects who participated.

Stages of change experienced by the patient:

3, 4, 2, 1 Explanation: The stages of change in order are precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, and action.

Arrange the steps of evidence-based practice (EBP) in the appropriate order:

3, 2, 7, 6, 1, 4, 5

3. Create a spirit of inquiry. Ask the burning clinical question. Collect the most relevant and best evidence. Critically evaluate the evidence you gather. Integrate the evidence. Evaluate the practice decision or change. Share the results with others.

A nurse demonstrated caring by helping family members to: (Select all that apply.)

1, 4, 5 Become active participants in care. Have uninterrupted time for family and patient to be together. Have opportunities for the family to discuss their concerns.

The examination for registered nurse (RN) licensure is exactly the same in every state in the United States. This examination:

Provides a minimal standard of knowledge for an RN in practice.

The nurses on a medical unit have seen an increase in the number of medication errors on their unit. They decide to evaluate the medication administration process on the basis of data gained from chart reviews and direct observation of nurses administering medications. Which process are the nurses using?

Quality improvement

Nine-year-old Brian has a difficult time making friends at school and being chosen to play on the team. He also has trouble completing his homework and, as a result, receives little positive feedback from his parents or teacher. According to Erikson's theory, failure at this stage of development results in:

Feelings of inferiority.

A patient is fearful of upcoming surgery and a possible cancer diagnosis. He discusses his love for the Bible with his nurse, who recommends a favorite Bible verse. Another nurse tells the patient's nurse that there is no place in nursing for spiritual caring. The patient's nurse replies:

"Spiritual, mind, and body connections can affect health."

A researcher is studying the effectiveness of an individualized evidence-based teaching plan on young women's intention to wear sunscreen to prevent skin cancer. In this study which of the following research terms best describes the individualized evidence-based teaching plan?

Intervention

A nurse researcher studies the effectiveness of a new program designed to educate parents to promote the immunization of children. The nurse divides the parents randomly into two groups. One group receives the typical educational program and the other group receives the new program. This is an example of which type of study?

Experimental

Which of the following statements related to theory-based nursing practice are correct? (Select all that apply.)

1, 3, 4, 6 Nursing theory differentiates nursing from other disciplines. Integrating theory into practice promotes coordinated care delivery. Nursing knowledge is generated by theory. Evidence-based practice results from theory-testing research.

Following a community assessment that focused on adolescent health behaviors, a nurse determines that a large number of adolescents smoke and designs a smoking cessation program at the youth community center. This is an example of which nursing role:

Educator

The nurse teaches parents how to have their children learn impulse control and cooperative behaviors. This would be during which of Erikson's stages of development?

Initiative versus guilt

Match the following types of theory with the appropriate description:

1d, 2c, 3a, 4b Middle-range theory - d. Addresses a specific phenomenon and reflects practice. Shared theory - c. Applies theory from other disciplines to nursing practice. Grand theory - a. Very abstract; attempts to describe nursing in a global context.

Practice theory - b. Specific to a particular situation; brings theory to the bedside.

A patient comes to the local health clinic and states, "I've noticed how many people are out walking in my neighborhood. Is walking good for you?" Which is the best response to help the patient through the stages of change for exercise?

"Yes, walking is great exercise. Do you think you could go for a 5-minute walk next week?"

You are working in a clinic that provides services for homeless people. The current local regulations prohibit providing a service that you believe is needed by your patients. You adhere to the regulations but at the same time are involved in influencing authorities to change the regulation. This action represents stage of moral development.

Social contract orientation

The nurse in a new community-based clinic is requested to complete a community assessment. Order the steps for completing this assessment:

1, 3, 2 Structure or locale Population Social systems

Stroke is a lifestyle disease. Which lifestyle factors may increase the risk of developing a stroke? Select all that apply.

1, 2, 4 Fast foods Physical inactivity Tobacco use

A critical care nurse is using a computerized decision support system to correctly position her ventilated patients to reduce pneumonia caused by accumulated respiratory secretions. This is an example of which Quality and Safety in the Education of Nurses (QSEN) competency?

Informatics

A nursing student in the last semester of a baccalaureate nursing program is beginning the community health practicum and will be working in a clinic with a focus on asthma and allergies. What is the primary focus of the community health nurse in this clinic setting? (Select all that apply.)

1, 2, 4 Decrease the incidence of asthma attacks in the community Increase patients' ability to self-manage their asthma Provide asthma education programs for the teachers in the local schools

The components of the nursing metaparadigm include:

Person, health, environment, and nursing

A patient is affected with paraplegia following an automobile accident. Arrange the behavioral changes seen in the patient due to the changed body image, starting with the first change to the last:

1, 2, 3, 5, 4 Acknowledgement Shock Withdrawal Acceptance Rehabilitation

A nurse is caring for a patient who recently lost a leg in a motor vehicle accident. The nurse best assists the patient to cope with this situation by applying which of the following theories?

Roy

A nurse researcher is collecting data following approval from the institutional review board (IRB). In which part of the research process is this nurse?

Conducting the study

A nurse is preparing to begin intravenous fluid therapy for a patient. Which category of theory would be most helpful to the nurse at this time?

Practice theory

According to Piaget's cognitive theory, a 12-year-old child is most likely to engage in which of the following activities?

Writing an essay about patriotism

Which of the following Internet resources can help consumers compare quality care measures? (Select all that apply.)

2, 4

2. Hospital Compare Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare

Which of the following are major public health problems commonly affecting older adults? (Select all that apply.)

1, 2, 3, 5 Substance abuse Confusional states Financial limitations Acute and chronic physical illnesses

A patient in the emergency department has developed wheezing and shortness of breath. The nurse gives the ordered medicated nebulizer treatment now and in 4 hours. Which standard of practice is performed?

Implementation

A nursing student is giving a presentation to a group of other nursing students about the needs of patients with mental illnesses in the community. The nursing professor needs to clarify the student's presentation when the student states:

"The majority of patients with mental illnesses live in long-term care settings."

Which of the following are examples of the conventional reasoning form of cognitive development? (Select all that apply.)

1, 2, 3

A 35-year-old woman is speaking with you about her recent diagnosis of a chronic illness. She is concerned about her treatment options in relation to her ability to continue to care for her family. As she considers the options and alternatives, she incorporates information, her values, and emotions to decide which plan will be the best fit for her. A young father is considering whether or not to return to school for a graduate degree. He considers the impact the time commitment may have on the needs of his wife and infant son. A teenage girl is encouraged by her peers to engage in shoplifting. She decides not to join her peers in this activity because she is afraid of getting caught in the act.

A nurse is using a patient-centered interview to gather information about a patient's sleeping habits. Which of the following phrases should the nurse use to begin this interview?

"What are your sleep patterns?"

A patient is admitted to a medical center following a stroke. The nurse obtains a blood pressure reading of 144/90 mm Hg. The patient states, "My blood pressure is usually much lower than that." Which action should the nurse take next?

Ask the patient what their blood pressure usually measures.

The concept of communication as complementary role relationships:

Function with one person holding an elevated position over the other person.

A nurse is assigned to care for a patient who has returned to the nursing unit following a biopsy of the prostate, which involved an incision in the perineal area. The patient has been incontinent in the past and has little independent control over voiding. The nurse's most appropriate response is to: Check the physician’s orders for activity restrictions.

A patient who has been in the intensive care unit for 6 days is now ready for transfer to the step-down unit. Which member of the health care team is responsible for leading the patient through the discharge process? Case manager

A nurse researcher wants to know which factors are associated with a person's decision to exercise. The nurse distributes a survey to people who recently joined an exercise wellness program and analyzes the data to determine which factors and characteristics are most significantly linked to the decision to start exercising. Which type of a research study is this?

Correlational

A nurse is especially nice and attentive to a 75-year old female patient who reminds him of his grandmother. According to psychoanalytic theory, the nurse is experiencing which factor that may influence his therapeutic effectiveness?

Countertransference

An example of a nurse caring behavior that families of acutely ill patients perceive as important to patients' well-being is:

Asking permission before performing a procedure on a patient.

Which of the following statements about evidence-based practice (EBP) made by a nursing student would require the nursing professor to correct the student's understanding?

"In evidence-based practice the patients are the subjects."

A 25-year old hospitalized client often breaks into tears and curls up on the chair in group when others confront her about her breaking of unit rules. Which defense mechanism is the client using?

Regression

While working in a rehabilitation facility, it is important to obtain nursing histories and develop a therapeutic nurse-patient relationship. List in correct order the phases of Peplau's theory as applied in this setting. The nurse:

3, 2, 4, 1

The nurse is participating at a health fair at the local mall giving influenza vaccines to senior citizens. Which level of prevention is the nurse practicing?

Primary

In addition to her contribution of the Interpersonal Theory of Nursing, Peplau described a continuum of what concept?

Anxiety levels from mild to panic

A nurse researcher wants to conduct historical research. Which of the following ideas for a study could the nurses conduct? (Select all that apply.)

2, 3, 4

A nurse is caring for an older adult who needs to enter an assisted-living facility following discharge from the hospital. Which of the following is an example of listening that displays caring?

The nurse listens to the patient's story while sitting on the side of the bed and then summarizes the story.

Which of the following is a strategy for creating work environments that enable nurses to demonstrate more caring behaviors? (Select all that apply.)

1 , 2, 3, 5

A group of nurses on the research council of a local hospital are measuring nursing-sensitive outcomes. Which of the following is a nursing-sensitive outcome that the nurses need to consider measuring? (Select all that apply.)

2, 3

Match the following description to the appropriate middle-range theory.

1b, 2d, 3c, 4a

A nurse is leading a patient education group session about irrational thinking and how it can lead to "learned helplessness". The nurse is demonstrating knowledge of which theorist/theory?

Beck and Ellis - cognitive theory

Match the following caring behaviors with their definitions.

1b, 2c, 3d, 4a

Using Maslow's hierarchy of needs, identify the priority for a patient who is experiencing chest pain and difficulty breathing.

Air, water, and nutrition

You are caring for a recently retired man who appears withdrawn and says he is "bored with life." Applying the work of Havinghurst, you would help this individual find meaning in life by:

Encouraging him to explore new roles.

When recruiting subjects to participate in a study about the effects of an educational program to help patients at home take their medications as ordered, the researcher tells the subjects that their names will not be used and no one but the research team will have access to their information and responses. This is an example of:

Confidentiality

A man hears at work that there will be layoffs at his company. Later that day, he discusses buying a new car with his wife. Which of the following illustrates the defense mechanism?

Denial

The public health nurse is working with the county health department on a task force to fully integrate the goals of Healthy People 2020. In the immigrant community most of the population does not have a primary care provider, nor do they participate in health promotion activities; the unemployment rate in the community is 25%. How does the nurse determine which goals need to be included or updated? (Select all that apply.)

1, 2, 3

You are preparing a presentation for your classmates regarding the clinical care coordination conference for a patient with terminal cancer. As part of the preparation you have your classmates read the Nursing Code of Ethics for Professional Registered Nurses. Your instructor asks the class why this document is important. Which of the following statements best describes this code?

Defines the principles of right and wrong to provide patient care

Dave reports being happy and satisfied with his life. What do we know about him?

It is difficult to determine Dave's developmental stage since most people report overall satisfaction with their lives in all stages.

Listening is not only "taking in" what a patient says, but it also includes:

Interpreting and understanding what the patient means.

Which of the following activities are examples of the use of activity theory in older adults? (Select all that apply.)

1, 2, 3

A hospice nurse sits at the bedside of a male patient in the final stages of cancer. He and his parents made the decision that he would move home and they would help him in the final stages of his disease. The family participates in his care, but lately the nurse has increased the amount of time she spends with the family. Whenever she enters the room or approaches the patient to give care, she touches his shoulder and tells him that she is present. This is an example of what type of touch?

Caring touch

A nurse ensures that each patient's room is clean; well ventilated; and free from clutter, excessive noise, and extremes in temperature. Which theorist's work is the nurse practicing in this example?

Nightingale

The nurse is aware that preschoolers often display a developmental characteristic that makes them treat dolls or stuffed animals as if they have thoughts and feelings. This is an example of:

Animism

On the basis of an assessment, the nurse identifies an increase in the immigrant population group in the community. How would the nurse determine the health needs of this population? (Select all that apply.)

1, 2, 3, 5

A group of nurses have identified that the elderly patients on their unit have a high incidence of pressure ulcers after they have a stroke. During a unit meeting they discuss different interventions that they think may reduce the development of pressure ulcers. What is the nurses' next step to investigate this clinical problem further?

Create a well-defined PICOT question

When Ryan was 3 months old, he had a toy train; when his view of the train was blocked, he did not search for it. Now that he is 9 months old, he looks for it, reflecting the presence of:

Object permanence.

Allison, age 15 years, calls her best friend Laura and is crying. She has a date with John, someone she has been hoping to date for months, but now she has a pimple on her forehead. Laura firmly believes that John and everyone else will notice the blemish right away. This is an example of the:

Imaginary audience.

Using Healthy People 2020 as a guide, which of the following would improve delivery of care to a community? (Select all that apply.)

1, 2, 4, 5

A mother gives her toddler a cookie to stop his whining and crying for a certain cereal in the grocery store. Which analysis of this scenario illustrates a principle of behavioral theory?

The cookie is a positive reinforcer of the whining and crying so that the child will whine and cry the next time they go to the store.

A community nurse in a diverse community is working with health care professionals to provide prenatal care for underemployed and underinsured South African women. Which overall goal of Healthy People 2020 does this represent?

Develop and implement public health policies and improve access to care.

Of the five caring processes described by Swanson, which describes "knowing the patient?"

Establishing an understanding of a specific patient

A client who is often critical of others, accuses other clients of laughing at her. What behavior is the client exhibiting?

Projection

Contemporary nursing requires that the nurse has knowledge and skills for a variety of professional roles and responsibilities. Which of the following are examples? (Select all that apply.)

1, 2, 3, 4

When illness occurs, different attitudes about the illness cause people to react in different ways. What do medical sociologists call this reaction to illness?

Illness behavior

The nurse has conducted an immunization program for physically challenged children in a rehabilitation center. Pneumonia vaccine was administered to the children as a part of the program. Which level of prevention is this? Primary

The nurses on an acute care medical floor notice an increase in pressure ulcer formation in their patients. A nurse consultant decides to compare two types of treatment. The first is the procedure currently used to assess for pressure ulcer risk. The second uses a new assessment instrument to identify at-risk patients. Given this information, the nurse consultant exemplifies which career? Nurse researcher