2024 LCAS Exam Best Studying Material New Latest Version with All Questions, Exams of Nursing

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A client presents with non-healing ulcers, abscesses, brittle fingernails, and bruxism. Abuse of which classification of drugs is MOST likely? A. Amphetamines B. Steroids C. Inhalants D. Narcotics ----------- Correct Answer ---------- A. Amphetamines. During his treatment, Vic started having painful urination and feared he might have a sexually transmitted disease. Vic had not been to a doctor in at least ten years and did not have a regular doctor to call. The counselor gave him the name of a local physician who would treat a new patient on short notice. This process is BEST viewed as an example of: A. A referral B. A consultation C. case management D. An aftercare plan ----------- Correct Answer ---------- A. A referral A major focus of the principle of anonymity in the AA fellowship is directed specifically at: A. press, radio, and film B. People outside of the immediate family C. law enforcement officials D. Anyone who is not in the fellowship ----------- Correct Answer ---------- A- Press, radio, and film Which of the following is the BEST definition of transference? A. Projection of uncomfortable feelings to a nonthreatening object B. A sudden understanding of self, or realization of how a problem can be solved. C. Unconscious shifting of feelings and fantasies from significant others to the therapist. D. Assuming the values of others, similar to Stockholm syndrome. ----------- Correct Answer ---------- Unconscious shifting of feelings and fantasies from significant others to therapist. _________ includes the identification and ranking of problems needing resolution -------- --- Correct Answer ---------- Treatment planning Appropriate documentation in the client's chart includes incidents, reports, and ----------- Correct Answer ---------- Ongoing information Which statement about counseling is TRUE?

A. Counselors are in the business of changing people. B. It is best to choose a single counseling approach to master and use with clients. C. Early childhood experiences are usually irrelevant in counseling D. Counselors must be open to their own struggles and personal growth. ----------- Correct Answer ---------- D. Counselors must be open to their own struggles and personal growth. Jaunita has been seeing a counselor for several weeks and has recently started responding in an argumentative fashion. Last time, she told the counselor "you are just like my father, always on my case!" the situation is an example of: ----------- Correct Answer ---------- transference A client must be told the limits of confidentiality before the first therapy session, along with the cost of the services. These issues are a part of a process known as: ----------- Correct Answer ---------- Obtaining informed consent The most popular and yet most controversial theory of addiction views: ----------- Correct Answer ---------- A addiction as a chronic and incurable disease. Nervousness or anxiety, sleep difficulty, (e.g., insomnia, disturbing dreams), decreased appetite or weight loss, depressed mood are all signs or symptoms of: ----------- Correct Answer ---------- Cannabis withdrawal According to the DSM-5 standards, controlled use of __________ during religious observances is not to be considered a diagnoseable condition. ----------- Correct Answer ---------- Hallucinogens _________ symptoms are the most common psychiatric symptoms seen in AOD abusers A. Depressive B. Narcisstic C. Social Anxiety D. Panic Attacks ----------- Correct Answer ---------- A. Depressive Rational emotive behavior therapy is considered to be a ___________________ approach to counseling A. Cognitive behavioral B. Behavioral C. Social Learning D. person-centered ----------- Correct Answer ---------- A- Cognitive Behavioral Maslow's Hierarchy of needs suggests that: ----------- Correct Answer ---------- psychological needs do not become salient until security needs are met Bethany acknowledged in a group session that she was unfaithful to her husband for several months. Although she has ended the affair, she is now convinced that her

husband is cheating on her. The counselor, would rightly conclude that the ego defense mechanism of _______ is at work here. A. reaction formation B. denial c. projection D. rationalization ----------- Correct Answer ---------- C. Projection During a counseling session, a client recalls being abused as a child. Prior to treatment, the client had no recollection of the abused as a child. The inability to recall the abuse earlier is an example of the defense mechanism called: A. reaction formation b. repression c. projection d. rationalization ----------- Correct Answer ---------- B. repression The desire and yearning for a specific substances is known as a: ----------- Correct Answer ---------- Craving Offering the client a tour of the treatment facility and information on the hours of operation are activities that occur during the __________ process. ----------- Correct Answer ---------- Orientation Which core function of counseling is most likely associated with "eligible and appropriate"? ----------- Correct Answer ---------- Screening ___________ Is one of the case management's hallmark characteristics A. advocacy B. cooperation C. clinical proficiency D. stabilization ----------- Correct Answer ---------- A. Advocacy Confidentiality of addiction counseling records in the United States is governed by: ------ ----- Correct Answer ---------- 42 CFR Part 2 In group therapy, Sara consistently perceives Gary as an angry official man (like her father) who cares little for other group members feelings although other group members perceive Gary as kind, caring, and gentle. This interpretation may be best described as: A. confrontation B. transference C. blaming D. stinking-Thinking ----------- Correct Answer ---------- Transference A diagnostic summary must include: ----------- Correct Answer ---------- Strengths and weaknesses of the client A disproportionate and excessive response to life circumstances is a typical system of:

A. Depression B. post-traumatic stress syndrome C. projective identification D. suicidal ideation ----------- Correct Answer ---------- B. Post-traumatic stress syndrome Eye contact, posture, and appropriate encouraging responses are necessary for the communication skill of: A. attending B. interpretation C. paraphrasing D. summarization ----------- Correct Answer ---------- A. attending Which of these is the BEST explanation of a synergistic drug interaction? A. Mixing some drugs causes a reaction that increases the drug effects beyond those that are associated with each drug separately B. Some drug interactions can cause hand tremors when neither drug alone causes them C. It is a cross allergic reaction that can include anaphylactic shock D. synergism leads to the development of negative symptoms, such as flat affect --------- -- Correct Answer ---------- A. Mixing some drugs causes a reaction that increases the drug effects beyond those that are associate with each drug separately The development of group culture refers to: A. the information of differing cultural backgrounds in the group B. the establishment of norms which will help the group to develop as a social system C. group cohesion D. the creation of the group ----------- Correct Answer ---------- B. The establishment of norms which will help the group to develop as a social system The concept of informed consent requires that before agreeing to accept treatment, client should know the goals of therapy, their rights and obligations, the limits of confidentiality, and ___________ A. availability of referral services B. community resources to be used C. with whom they will be participating in group activities D. the financial obligation associated with the services ----------- Correct Answer ---------- D. The financial obligation associated with the services With regard to relapse prevention, what is the BEST definition of a trigger? A. when the client makes the choice to return to drinking/drug using B. the build-up of anger that most clients experience before a relapse experience C. Those situations, events, people, places, thoughts, and activities that re-kindle the sense of need for drugs D. The single event that is the root cause of the substance use disorder, and precipitates the "bottom" that leads to treatment ----------- Correct Answer ---------- C.

Those situations, events, people, places, thoughts, and activities that re-kindle the sense of need for drugs A client presents a crisis situation. As a counselor, your MOST important function is: A. to solve the client's presenting problem B. to help convert the emergency into a solvable problem C. to refer him/her to the nearest psychiatrist D. to try not to get the client more upset ----------- Correct Answer ---------- B. to help convert the emergency into a solvable problem One criticism associated with the disease model of addiction is that: A. there does not appear to be an inevitable progression of symptoms B. proponents believe that willpower is the key to long term recovery C. emphasis is placed on social experiences that are unrelated to alcohol D. too much of the focus is on the psychological factors. ----------- Correct Answer -------- -- A. there does not appear to be an inevitable progression of symptoms. Observable and measurable goals are BEST associated with: A. assessment B. case management C. client education D. treatment planning ----------- Correct Answer ---------- D. treatment planning The predominant change to the overall diagnostic criteria for substance use disorder in the DSM-5 is the inclusion of ___________ and the exclusion of __________ A. loss of control, family problems B. craving, recurrent legal problems C. efforts to cut down, elevated GGT D. withdrawal; depressed mood ----------- Correct Answer ---------- B. Craving, recurrent legal problems Which of the following is NOT an SSRI? A. Cylert B. Paxil C. Prozac D. Zoloft ----------- Correct Answer ---------- A. Cylert Most individuals who use tobacco on a regular basis will develop tobacco use disorder prior to the age of: A. 18 B. 21 C. 30 D. 35 ----------- Correct Answer ---------- B. 21 Kia is a 20 year old female whose parents are first generation immigrants from Japan. She has been seeing you because she has a substance use disorder related to her use

of amphetamines. One afternoon, her parents arrive unexpectedly at your office to insist that you help them convince their daughter to return to Japan where her fiance is waiting to marry her. This is an arranged marriage and she has not met her fiance. What is the best response to the parents? A. Calmly tell them that you cannot confirm nor deny that their daughter is a client B. bring in the daughter for a family session to sort out the competing values and traditions C. encourage Kia to return to Japan, where perhaps she can start a new life away from her old friends ----------- Correct Answer ---------- A. Calmly tell them that you cannot confirm or deny that their daughter is a client Kia is a 20 year old female whose parents are first generation immigrants from Japan. She has been seeing you because she has a substance use disorder related to her use of amphetamines. One afternoon, her parents arrive unexpectedly at your office to insist that you help them convince their daughter to return to Japan where her fiance is waiting to marry her. This is an arranged marriage and she has not met her fiance. Kia tells you she is torn between her parents' culture and her own, more American ideas. How might you help her A. refer her to a family therapist because this has nothing to do with her drug use. B. encourage her to examine her beliefs and make her decision based on what she believes is best for her, without regard to her parents wishes. C. encourage her to pursue her American lifestyle because you believe that an arranged marriage would be adding to her unhappiness, and thus, set her up for relap -- --------- Correct Answer ---------- B. encourage her to examine her beliefs and make her decision based on what she believes is best for her, without regard to her parents wishes What is the definition of insight? ----------- Correct Answer ---------- A sudden understanding of self, or realization of how a problem can be solved MAT refers to ----------- Correct Answer ---------- the use of medications such as suboxone in the treatment of addiction Aisha has completed her treatment at an in-patient facility and is ready to be discharged. She has asked her counselor to recommend a therapist to work with her and her husband on an out-patient basis. This process is BEST viewed as an example of : ----------- Correct Answer ---------- a referral Which type of therapy is most directive, offering the greatest potential for abuse of power by the counselor? ----------- Correct Answer ---------- Gestalt The primary purpose of professional credentialing for counselors is to: ----------- Correct Answer ---------- protect public safety by ensuring that counselors meet minimum standards of competency Which of the following is NOT a CNS depressant?

A- Alcohol B- Xanax C- Nembutal D- Benzedrine ----------- Correct Answer ---------- D- Benzedrine The concept of consent requires that before agreeing to accept treatment, clients should know their rights and obligations, therapeutic goals, fees for services, and _________ -- --------- Correct Answer ---------- The limits of their confidentiality Attitudes, policies, and practices that are destructive to other cultures and their members are examples of lack of cultural ----------- Correct Answer ---------- competence Restlessness, nervousness, flushed face, muscle twitching, tachycardia or cardiac arrrhythmia are all signs or symptoms of what type of intoxication? ----------- Correct Answer ---------- Caffeine Of all of the possible substance use disorders, which one is typically not seen in older children or adults? ----------- Correct Answer ---------- Inhalant Use Disorder Needle exchange programs can BEST be described as: ----------- Correct Answer -------- -- Harm Reduction Autonomic hyperactivity, hand tremor, nausea or vomiting, psychomotor agitation, grand mal seizures are all signs of what type of withdraw? ----------- Correct Answer ---------- Sedative, hypnotic, or anxiolytic withdrawl Among other things, ___________ involves making a client aware of resources in the community, as well as providing information related to substance abuse, HIV/AIDs, and other STDs ----------- Correct Answer ---------- client education In the United States, the population that experiences the lowest prevalence of alcohol disorder is: ----------- Correct Answer ---------- Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders Classical and operant conditioning are associated with_______ therapy ----------- Correct Answer ---------- Behavior Eric has admitted being sexually active without using any type of protection against sexually transmitted diseases. His counselor has made an appointment for him to be tested for the HIV virus. He then made arrangements for Eric to be transported to the clinic. Facilitating this appointment is BEST described as: ----------- Correct Answer ------ ---- Case Management Studies indicate that that counseling is most effective when ----------- Correct Answer ---- ------ Culture and values are taken into account

One basic principle of documentation requires the counselor to: ----------- Correct Answer ---------- describe events in objective terms, using measurable language that can be easily understood The ________ model of addiction explains addiction as a consequence of personal choice. ----------- Correct Answer ---------- moral How does solution-focused brief therapy differ from many of the other approaches to counseling? ----------- Correct Answer ---------- Emphasis is placed on the present and future while devaluing the past Case Reviews: ----------- Correct Answer ---------- enable the counselor to assess progress and make any necessary changes in the treatment plan The tendency of the family to try and maintain balance when dealing with a loved one's substance use disorder is called: ----------- Correct Answer ---------- homeostasis Your client expresses growing feelings of rage. He has recurring nightmares in which he attacks random women on the street. If you followed through with what you believed was a duty to warn, under what circumstances would you be least likely to be disciplined? ----------- Correct Answer ---------- If the client discloses the name of a person he plans to harm In his second counseling session, a client reveals to the counselor that he is gay. Having never worked with a member of this special population, the counselor's BEST course of action is to: ----------- Correct Answer ---------- Offer to refer the client to someone with experience in with special issues associated with the gay community Determining a clients eligibility and appropriateness for treatment occurs during the ___________ process ----------- Correct Answer ---------- Screening Highly structured daily routines, a system of rewards and punishments, and frequent group confrontation are characteristics of: ----------- Correct Answer ---------- therapeutic communities Collateral interviews: ----------- Correct Answer ---------- Involve gathering information from other persons who are, or have been, associated with the person being assessed. A major criticism of the _________________ is that the questions are so obvious that the test cannot possibly detect alcoholics who deny having a problem. ----------- Correct Answer ---------- MAST The goal of complete abstinence is most consistent with the ______________ model of addiction ----------- Correct Answer ---------- Disease

_____________ Can develop between natural and synthetic opiates, but not between opiates and CNS depressants ----------- Correct Answer ---------- Cross tolerance Appropriate treatment goals must be: ----------- Correct Answer ---------- Observable and measurable, in order to facilitate monitoring progress When is confrontation probably least appropriate ----------- Correct Answer ---------- Prior to establishing rapport with the client The goal of screening is to ----------- Correct Answer ---------- determine whether a client is appropriate and eligible for a particular treatment service ________ drugs are used to treat mental disorders ----------- Correct Answer ---------- Psychotropic Jamal believes that he has everything he will ever need materially and financially, so he has decided to devote his time to music and other creative outlets for self-expression. Jamal's motivation is best accounted for by: ----------- Correct Answer ---------- Humanistic theories The idea that people have an in-born desire to self-actualize is associated with: ----------- Correct Answer ---------- humanistic theory Methadone, Tramadol, and Morphine are all__________ ----------- Correct Answer ------- --- Opiates The central focus or "charge" of the twelfth step of Alcoholics anonymous is: ----------- Correct Answer ---------- service to others A counselor's personal values: ----------- Correct Answer ---------- Are communicated through the therapeutic goals they offer and how they attempt to reach those goals with the client. Nonmaleficence ----------- Correct Answer ---------- do no harm ___________ interventions have been developed or are being sought to block the effects of abused drugs, reduce cravings for drugs and block the toxic effects of drugs. - ---------- Correct Answer ---------- pharmacological The terminology now being used in the DSM-5 for diagnostic categories is: ----------- Correct Answer ---------- Substance Use Disorder Which statement BEST describes the relevance of counselor self-exploration ----------- Correct Answer ---------- Counselors can benefit greatly from being clients themselves, at some point.

_____________ is the term used to describe the mental activities involved in acquiring, retaining, and using any type of knowledge. ----------- Correct Answer ---------- Cognition In the DSM-5, for a substance use disorder severity indicator of mild, how many criteria must be present? ----------- Correct Answer ---------- two to three In which situation is it acceptable to release confidential information without prior consent from the client? ----------- Correct Answer ---------- When the client admits to abusing a child Substance ________ is a syndrome that develops temporarily after ingestion of a psychoactive substance ----------- Correct Answer ---------- intoxication Tonya is a 35 year old African American woman who has brought her toddler to the Emergency Room with her. The baby is lethargic and irritable. The mother states that she doesn't know what is wrong with the baby. The mother seems erratic, herself. The E.R. doctor has called you in to consult on the mother, while he treats the child. In the course of your conversation, you learn that the mother takes Valium every day because she has "nerves". She insists that it isn't a problem. Later you learn that the baby apparently found his mother's Valium and managed to swallow a couple of pills. The father, an African American male, age 36 arrives and says his wife is addicted, however, he won't even make eye contact with you. During your interview with the mother, she insists she does not have a problem, what should you do? ----------- Correct Answer ---------- Talk with the husband about planning an intervention, using other family and friends to assist. Tonya is a 35 year old African American woman who has brought her toddler to the Emergency Room with her. The baby is lethargic and irritable. The mother states that she doesn't know what is wrong with the baby. The mother seems erratic, herself. The E.R. doctor has called you in to consult on the mother, while he treats the child. In the course of your conversation, you learn that the mother takes Valium every day because she has "nerves". She insists that it isn't a problem. Later you learn that the baby apparently found his mother's Valium and managed to swallow a couple of pills. The father, an African American male, age 36 arrives and says his wife is addicted, however, he won't even make eye contact with you. Do you have the responsibility to report the incident involving the child to the authorities? ----------- Correct Answer ---------- Yes, because the child was put in danger because of the mother's addiction Tonya is a 35 year old African American woman who has brought her toddler to the Emergency Room with her. The baby is lethargic and irritable. The mother states that she doesn't know what is wrong with the baby. The mother seems erratic, herself. The E.R. doctor has called you in to consult on the mother, while he treats the child. In the course of your conversation, you learn that the mother takes Valium every day because she has "nerves". She insists that it isn't a problem. Later you learn that the baby apparently found his mother's Valium and managed to swallow a couple of pills. The

father, an African American male, age 36 arrives and says his wife is addicted, however, he won't even make eye contact with you. The father stated that his wife was an addict and needed help, but he could not seem to make eye contact. What does this suggest? ----------- Correct Answer ---------- Perhaps nothing, since some cultures view direct eye contact as disrespectful "referral" means: ----------- Correct Answer ---------- a. assisting a client to utilize the support systems and community resources available. _____________ are a problem associated with consuming alcohol and Valium together ----------- Correct Answer ---------- Synergistic effects __________ is the belief that one's own culture is superior to others. ----------- Correct Answer ---------- Ethnocentrism "Excessive use of alcohol is a result of personal choice and therefore should be punished" This statement is consistent with the __________ model of addiction. ----------

• Correct Answer ---------- moral A common problem for beginning counselors is: ----------- Correct Answer ---------- failing to identify an approach that is appropriate to the client A counselor wants to record a counseling session with a client so that the counselor could listen to the tape, along with her supervisor, as parts of an ongoing training. According to ethical best practicies, the counselor's plans are: ----------- Correct Answer ---------- ethical, as long as the client granted permission beforehand. A major criticism of self-report instruments is that the questions are so obvious that these tests cannot possibly detect alcoholics who deny having a problem. This issue is the dilemma of ________ questions ----------- Correct Answer ---------- face-value A mental status exam does NOT assess: A. educational level B. Appearance C. Speech D. thought processes ----------- Correct Answer ---------- a. educational level Abstinence is to harm reduction as: ----------- Correct Answer ---------- Alcoholics Anonymous is to needle exchange Appropriate treatment goals must be: ----------- Correct Answer ---------- Agreed upon by the client and counselor Arbitrary inferences and selective abstractions are examples of: ----------- Correct Answer ---------- cognitive distortions

Beneficence is the ethical principle that means: ----------- Correct Answer ---------- help Client education on HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases: ----------- Correct Answer ---------- is important information to incorporate in the treatment process of every client Completing necessary documentation for admission to a particular treatment program occurs during the ______________ process. ----------- Correct Answer ---------- intake Concise and accurate reporting is necessary in order to: ----------- Correct Answer -------- -- ensure continuity of care Counselor self-disclosure is BEST limited to: ----------- Correct Answer ---------- ideas and emotional reactions in the counseling session Drowsiness or coma, slurred speech, impairment in attention or memory are all signs or symptoms of: ----------- Correct Answer ---------- opioid intoxication Generally, the Tarasoff requirement has been interpreted as: ----------- Correct Answer -- -------- a duty to warn the intended victim and/or the police In his second counseling session, a client reveals to the counselor that he is HIV positive. The counselor's BEST course of action is to: ----------- Correct Answer ---------- discuss the client's case with a clinical supervisor in order to meet the needs of this client. In which situation is it NOT acceptable to release confidential information without prior consent from the client? A- When the client has stolen property from the treatment facility B- If law enforcement officials request information in writing C- If the client is in a serious accident requiring medical care D- When the client admits to abusing a child ----------- Correct Answer ---------- If law enforcement officials request information Jackie is recently discharged from the Air Force. His counselor suspects that he has PTSD, due to his experiences during active duty in Afghanistan. The counselor contacted the Veteran's Administration and located a clinic in the area with special groups for Vets with PTSD. The counselor then made arrangements for Jackie to be attend these groups while he is still in primary treatment for substance abuse. The counselor's actions are BEST described as: ----------- Correct Answer ---------- case management Methadone maintenance programs can BEST be described as: ----------- Correct Answer ---------- harm reduction focused

Niko is a client who has ben gaining weight steadily since entering treatment. When confronted about his constant snacking and lack of activity, he told his counselor that he needed to eat this way in order to keep his mind off of his DOC. He felt that he deserved to indulge, since he was giving up the primary source of satisfaction he had used for years. The counselor would rightly conclude that the ego defense mechanism of __________ is at work here. ----------- Correct Answer ---------- rationalization One basic principle of documentation requires the counselor to: ----------- Correct Answer ---------- record material in a manner that allows a new counselor to understand the general progress of a client Rajish is avoiding social situations which involve drinking or drugs. He is worried that others may encourage him to drink. The counselor suggests that they act-out such a situation in order to develop responses if such a situation arises. This counseling technique is: ----------- Correct Answer ---------- role-play Rates of opioid use are higher in __________ than in ____________. ----------- Correct Answer ---------- males: females Reinforcement and punishment are associated with ____________ therapy ----------- Correct Answer ---------- Behavior Some researchers have concluded that no one pattern of dysfunctional substance abuse exists. They also conclude that there is more than one personality type that happens to be more prone to addiction than some others. This multivariate focus is MOST consistent with the: ----------- Correct Answer ---------- biopsychosocial model Studies have linked substance abuse among African Americans to three factors: economic deprivation, stress, and ____________ ----------- Correct Answer ---------- racism The concept of informed consent requires that before agreeing to accept treatment, clients should know____________, their rights and obligations, fees for services, and limits of confidentiality. ----------- Correct Answer ---------- the goals of therapy The cultural philosophy of "noninterference is associated with alcohol-related problems among: ----------- Correct Answer ---------- Native Americans The DSM-5 includes criteria set specific to intoxication of each substance category except for ----------- Correct Answer ---------- tobacco The first step of alcoholics anonymous requires: ----------- Correct Answer ---------- the admission that one's life is unmanageable The initial stage of crisis intervention involves: ----------- Correct Answer ---------- recognizing the crisis

The primary goal of a mental status exam is to measure the client's orientation to _______, _________, and __________ ----------- Correct Answer ---------- person, place, time The primary principles behind alcoholics anonymous are spirituality, self-improvement, and ______________ ----------- Correct Answer ---------- service to others Which core function of counseling is related to the term "didactic" ----------- Correct Answer ---------- Client education Which neurotransmitter is most closely associated with feelings of well-being, appetite, and mental alertness? ----------- Correct Answer ---------- Serotonin Which of the following is a CNS depressant? A. Xanax B. nicotine C. Adderall D. Benzedrine ----------- Correct Answer ---------- Xanax Which of the following is an SSRI? ----------- Correct Answer ---------- Prozac Which of the following is most closely associated with involuntarily confinement, such as a prison setting? ----------- Correct Answer ---------- The therapeutic community Which of the following is the BEST definition of a "slip"? ----------- Correct Answer ---------

• An episode of substance abuse following a period of abstinence Which of the following is the BEST definition of denial ----------- Correct Answer ---------- An ego defense mechanism that allows one to pretend a problem is not real Which of these is the BEST example of a substance-induced disorder? A- Alcohol intolerance B- Methamphetamine psychosis C- Alcohol withdrawal D- Methadone dependence ----------- Correct Answer ---------- Methamphetamine psychosis Which statement is TRUE regarding counselor self-exploration? A. The counselors personal issues should be disclosed to the client in order to encourage transference. B. Counselor's should not rule out therapy for their own personal issues. C. Counselor self-exploration put the clients at risks for counter-transference. D. Counselors best help themselves by helping other people. ----------- Correct Answer - --------- B- Counselor's should not rule out therapy for their own personal issues.

When the new DSM-5 nomenclature, clinicians will now specify severity of the addiction using ratings of: ----------- Correct Answer ---------- mild, moderate, and severe You are seeing a patient whom you suspect may be suicidal. Which of the following factors suggest that the risk of suicide is high? A- the patient is african-american b. the patient is experiencing a mid-life crisis C. the patient is a female D. the patient's depressive symptoms have recently improved ----------- Correct Answer - --------- The patient's depressive symptoms have recently improved Micheal is a 25 year old man who has been your client for several weeks in an outpatient program. He recently came to you and admitted during a group session that he relapsed and had been involved in a hit and run incident. Micheal told the group he had to get it off his chest in a "safe and confidential place". Later, from the news, you learn that there was a hit and run accident that involved the death of the other driver and police are still searching for the individual who fled the scene. Your first responsibility is to: A. insist the client turn himself in. B. Report to the authorities that you know the identity of the driver of the car. C. Assess the client's current status and re-screen him for transfer to a inpatient program. ----------- Correct Answer ---------- Assess the client's current status and re- screen him for transfer to an inpatient program. Micheal is a 25 year old man who has been your client for several weeks in an outpatient program. He recently came to you and admitted during a group session that he relapsed and had been involved in a hit and run incident. Micheal told the group he had to get it off his chest in a "safe and confidential place". Later, from the news, you learn that there was a hit and run accident that involved the death of the other driver and police are still searching for the individual who fled the scene. A police officer visits your office and asks you for your records because someone told him, that your client admitted to a crime during a group session. You should: A. Neither confirm or deny that Micheal is your client because he has not signed a release. B. Give the information to the officer because this is a current criminal investigation. C. Admit that Micheal is your client, but refuse to turn over your records of his ad --------- -- Correct Answer ---------- A. Neither confirm or deny that Micheal is your client because he has not signed a release. Micheal is a 25 year old man who has been your client for several weeks in an outpatient program. He recently came to you and admitted during a group session that he relapsed and had been involved in a hit and run incident. Micheal told the group he had to get it off his chest in a "safe and confidential place". Later, from the news, you learn that there was a hit and run accident that involved the death of the other driver and police are still searching for the individual who fled the scene. Do you have an obligation to report your client's accident involvement to the police?

A. Yes, because this is a capital crime, meaning you could be subpoenaed. B. Yes, because this is a current investigation while the client was under your care. C. No, because it is a past crime and there is no court order requiring you to disclose anything. ----------- Correct Answer ---------- C- No, because it is a past crime and there is no court order requiring you to disclose anything. What is the definition of relapse? ----------- Correct Answer ---------- The return to a pattern of substance abuse following treatment When a drug initiates a psychological response when attaching to a receptor in a brain it is BEST classified as: ----------- Correct Answer ---------- an agonist A harm-reduction program is designed to: ----------- Correct Answer ---------- minimize the problems associated with addiction. When a actively-using, alcohol-dependent client presents with depressive symptoms: --- -------- Correct Answer ---------- Depressive symptoms in the majority of cases will be significantly diminished after detoxification and abstinence. One method for increasing the effectiveness of counseling for Latino clients is: A. to assume an active approach with goal-oriented inquiry. B. to maintain the individual's dignity by avoiding familiarity. C. To acknowledge the cultural difference and schedule appointments well in advance. D. to stress separation due to family enmeshment. ----------- Correct Answer ---------- A. To assume an active approach with goal-oriented inquiry. Methadone is as drug used in: A. IV form to combat the synergistic effects of alcohol and other CNS depressants. B. Harm reduction programs, usually in urban environments. C. Conjunction with alternative detoxification protocols for amphetamines. D. Emergency rooms to counteract the effects of overdose. ----------- Correct Answer ---- ------ harm reduction programs, usually in urban environments. Bertrand qualifies for job re-training because of a disability. His counselor made an appointment with the state rehabilitation commission to evaluate the type of training that might be beneficial for Bertrand. The counselor also made arrangements for Bertrand to be transported to the appointment, although he was still in primary treatment. The counselor's actions are BEST described as: A. Consultation B. Case management C. Client education D. Ethical responsibility ----------- Correct Answer ---------- B. Case Management One major problem associated with victimology and recovery is that: ----------- Correct Answer ---------- proclaiming powerlessness runs counter to the empowerment mentality needed to overcome victimhood.

Mike and his client have developed a personal attraction to one another. The BEST course of action for him is to: A. discuss his feelings with his clinical supervisor to determine the best course of action. B. talk with the client about transferring to another counselor so that they can date without the conflict of interest. C. send the client a letter formally ending the personal and therapeutic relationship. D. inform the client that they will have to wait at least one year before they can date. ---- ------- Correct Answer ---------- A. Discuss his feelings with his clinical supervisor to determine the best course of action. what BEST represents the information that should be kept in a client's treatment record? A. the name of an attending physician and contact information for referrals to be made. B. Names of family members and their emergency contact numbers C. Personal notes, insurance information and samples from client journal D. Information about consultations, diagnosis, treatment, prognosis, and progress -------- --- Correct Answer ---------- Information about consultations, diagnosis, treatment, prognosis, and progress. African Americans generally do not view alcohol as a prerequisite to fun because: A. There are other culturally acceptable ways to achieve relaxation and sociability. B. They do not perceive alcohol as a desirable social lubricant C. Cultural norms prohibit over consumption of alcohol in public. D. machismo is a theme that overrides the desire for alcohol. ----------- Correct Answer -- -------- A. There are other culturally acceptable ways to achieve relaxation and sociability. Kia is a 20 year old female whose parents are first generation immigrants from Japan. She has been seeing you because she has a substance use disorder related to her use of amphetamines. One afternoon, her parents arrive unexpectedly at your office to insist that you help them convince their daughter to return to Japan where her fiance is waiting to marry her. This is an arranged marriage and she has not met her fiance. If Kia decides to return to Japan and marry, what is your responsibility? A. To try and convince her that as an American, she does not have to go B. Attempt to find a referral so she can continue her treatment C. Close her case and wish her a happy life. ----------- Correct Answer ---------- B. Attempt to find a referral so she can continue her treatment. What are the stages of change? ----------- Correct Answer ---------- precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance What does the CAGE stand for? ----------- Correct Answer ---------- C- cut down A- annoyed G- guilty E- eye opener

What does THC stand for? ----------- Correct Answer ---------- delta- 9 - tetrahydrocannabinol What does LSD stand for? ----------- Correct Answer ---------- lysergic acid diethylamide What is hemp? ----------- Correct Answer ---------- The word used to describe Cannabis sativa plants that are high in fiber content and generally low in psychoactive components (marijuana is used to describe cannabis sativa high in psychoactive components) Morphine is how many times more powerful than opium? ----------- Correct Answer ------- --- 10 times What is the scientific name for heroin and what is its strength compared to morphine? -- --------- Correct Answer ---------- Diacetyl morphine - two to five times stronger than morphine What year was AA founded, and who founded it? ----------- Correct Answer ---------- Founded in 1934 by Bill Wilson and Dr. Bob Smith Sedatives are generally used to _________________________ while hypnotics are mostly used to __________________ ----------- Correct Answer ---------- Calm anxiety; induce sleep Name the five most common brand name benzodiazepines sedatives ----------- Correct Answer ---------- Librium, Valium, Xanax, Klonopin, and Halcion What is GHB? ----------- Correct Answer ---------- gamma hydroxybutyrate - a sedative originally developed as an anesthetic - > began to be used as a sedative to induce euphoria, also used as a date rape drug What is DXM? ----------- Correct Answer ---------- dextromethorphan - found in many non- prescription cough and cold medications, can induce psychedelic effects when used in large quantities (10 to 30x normal dose) What are the brand names of hydrocodone? ----------- Correct Answer ---------- Vicodin, Lortab, Norco, Anexsia, Hycodan, and Tylox What is the generic name of Oxycontin? ----------- Correct Answer ---------- Oxycodone (time release version of Percodan) Why is hydrocodone the most widely used and abuse prescription opiate? ----------- Correct Answer ---------- Causes less nausea but has the same pain-diminishing effect as well as addictive potential as codeine. *Because it is often co-formulated with acetaminophen, the abuse of the combination for the psychic effects of the opioid can cause liver damage

What is the definition of a psychoactive drug? ----------- Correct Answer ---------- Any substance that directly alters the normal functioning of the central nervous system (this can be expanded to include any behaviors [e.g. gambling] that activate the brain's alcohol and drug addiction pathways) What is the trade name for Zoloft? ----------- Correct Answer ---------- Setraline What is the chemical name for MDMA? ----------- Correct Answer ---------- Methylenedioxymethamphetamine What are the most common CNS stimulants? ----------- Correct Answer ---------- Cocaine (freebase, crack), amphetamines (Adderall, meth, crystal meth, speed), amphetamine congeners (Ritalin, diet pills), plant stimulants (khat, betel nuts, ephedra, yohimbe), caffeine, and nicotine What are the physical effects of stimulants, from small doses to frequent use of stronger stimulants (cocaine, amphetamines), to large amounts? ----------- Correct Answer ---------

• Small/Moderate dose: excessive stimulation of the central nervous system, creating insomnia, energized muscles, increased heart rate and blood pressure, and decreased appetite Frequent use: over a period of a few days will deplete the body's energy chemicals and create exhaustion, weight loss and malnutrition Large amounts (or if extrasensitive): heart, blood vessel, and seizure problems can occur - increased risk of stroke What are the mental/emotional effects of stimulants, from small doses to prolonged use? ----------- Correct Answer ---------- Small/Moderate dose: increased confidence, excited, outgoing, talkativeness, eager to perform. Can also cause a rush or ecstatic feeling Larger doses: jitteriness, anxiety, anger, rapid speech, and aggressiveness Prolonged use: extreme anxiety, paranoia, anhedonia, and mental confusion - overuse of strong stimulants can even mimic psychosis List the four main categories of downers or CNS depressants ----------- Correct Answer - --------- - Opiates and opioids
• Sedative-hypnotics
• Alcohol
• Others List the types of opiates and opioids ----------- Correct Answer ---------- Opium Morphine

Codeine Heroin Oxycodone (Oxycontin) Hydrocodone (Vicodin) Methadone Hydromorphone (Dilaudid) Meperidine (Demerol) Propoxyphene (Darvon) Buprenorphine (Subutex and Suboxone) List types of sedative-hypnotics ----------- Correct Answer ---------- - Benzodiazepines (Xanax, Valium, Klonopin, Rohypnol)

• Z-hypnotics (Ambien)
• Barbiturates (Butalbital)
• Meprobamate (Miltown)
• Alcohol
• Others (antihistamines, skeletal muscle relaxants, look-alike sedatives, and bromides) What are the physical effects (small doses, excessive use, larger doses and in combination, high dose and prolonged use) of downers/CNS depressants? ----------- Correct Answer ---------- Small doses: slows heart rate and respiration, relaxes muscles, decreases coordination, induces sleep, dulls the senses, diminishes pain *opiates and opioids can also cause constipation, nausea, and pinpoint pupils Excessive drinking or sedative-hypnotic use can: slur speech, cause digestive problems Large doses of alcohol or sedative-hypnotic use or in combination with other depressants can: cause dangerous respiratory depression and coma High dose or prolonged use of any depressant can: cause sexual dysfunction and tissue dependence What are the mental/emotional effects of downers or CNS depressants? ----------- Correct Answer ---------- Small doses: can act like stimulants because they lower inhibitions Larger doses: relaxing and dulling the mind, diminishing anxiety, controlling neuroses *certain downers can induce euphoria or a sense of well-being Long-term use of any depressant: can cause psychological and physical dependence Describe what hallucinogens or psychedelics are and how many classifications there are ----------- Correct Answer ---------- Substances that can distort perceptions and induce illusions, delusions, or hallucinations 5 classifications

What are the classifications of hallucinogens? ----------- Correct Answer ---------- - Ergots/indoles: LSD, psilocybin mushrooms, ayahuasca, and DMT

• Phenylalkylamines: peyote (mescaline), ibogaine, MDMA)
• Cannabinoids: marijuana and hashish Others: ketamines, PCP, salvia, dextromethorphan, nutmeg, and Amanita mushrooms What are the physical effects of hallucinogens? ----------- Correct Answer ---------- Most cause nausea and dizziness Marijuana increases appetite and makes eyes bloodshot LSD raises blood pressure and causes sweating MDMA and even LSD act like stimulants What are the mental/emotional effects of hallucinogens? ----------- Correct Answer -------- -- Distort sensory messages to and from the brainstem, particularly the five senses are intensified or distorted (illusions) The brain can also trigger imaginary sensory messages (hallucinations) and distorted thinking (delusions) What is synesthesia? ----------- Correct Answer ---------- The process where the brain causes sounds to become visual and sights to be perceived as sound What are inhalants? ----------- Correct Answer ---------- Gaseous or liquid substances that are inhaled and absorbed through the lungs. Describe the types of inhalants ----------- Correct Answer ---------- - Organic solvents: glue, gasoline, metallic paints, household sprays
• Volatile nitrites: amyl, butyl, or cyclohexyl nitrite (also called "poppers")
• Anesthetics: nitrous oxide (laughing gas) What are the physical effects of inhalants? ----------- Correct Answer ---------- Most often there is CNS depression, dizziness, slurred speech, unsteady gait, and drowsiness. Some cause lower blood pressure, causing user to faint or lose balance Because they are depressants they can cause drowsiness, stupor, coma, and asphyxiation Organic solvents can be toxic to cells in the lung, brain, liver, kidney tissues, and even blood What are the mental/emotional effects of inhalants? ----------- Correct Answer ---------- Small amounts: impulsiveness, excitement, mental confusion, and irritability Larger amounts: delirium and hallucinations

What are anabolic steroids and other sports drugs? ----------- Correct Answer ---------- Anabolic steroids are the most common performance-enhancing drugs Others include: stimulants, human growth hormone (HGH), human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), herbal/nutritional supplements like creatine, and some therapeutic drugs like painkillers/beta blockers/diuretics What are the mental/emotional effects of anabolic steroids and other sports drugs? ------ ----- Correct Answer ---------- Often cause stimulant-like high, increased confidence, and increased aggression Prolonged large-dose use can be accompanied by outbursts of anger known as "roid rage" What are the physical effects of anabolic steroids and other sports drugs? ----------- Correct Answer ---------- Increase muscle mass and strength Prolonged use can cause: acne, high blood pressure, shrunken testes, and masculinization in women What are the three most common types of psychiatric medications? ----------- Correct Answer ---------- - Antidepressants

• Antipsychotics
• Antianxiety What are the mental/emotional effects of antidepressants? ----------- Correct Answer ----- ----- Counteract depression by manipulating brain chemicals (e.g. serotonin) that elevate mood What are the mental/emotional effects of antipsychotics? ----------- Correct Answer ------- --- Manipulate dopamine to control schizophrenic mood swings and hallucinations - the mood stabilizers are thought to manipulate glutamate and GABA What are the mental/emotional effects of antianxiety medications? ----------- Correct Answer ---------- Manipulate brain chemicals such as GABA to inhibit anxiety-producing thoughts What is drug scheduling? ----------- Correct Answer ---------- Drugs, substances, and certain chemicals used to make drugs are classified into five distinct categories or schedules depending upon the drug's acceptable medical use and the drug's abuse or dependency potential. The abuse rate is a determinate factor in the scheduling of the drug. What is Schedule I and the drugs included? ----------- Correct Answer ---------- Schedule I drugs/substances/chemicals are defined as drugs with no currently accepted medical use and a high potential for abuse

Heroin LSD Marijuana Ecstasy/MDMA Methaqualone Peyote What is Schedule II and the drugs included? ----------- Correct Answer ---------- Schedule II drugs/substances/chemicals are defined as drugs with a high potential for abuse, with use potentially leading to severe psychological or physical dependence. These drugs are also considered dangerous, even though they have medical uses. Vicodin Cocaine Methamphetamine Methadone Hydromorphone (Dilaudid) Meperidine (Demerol) Oxycodone 9Oxycontin) Fentanyl Dexedrine Adderall Ritalin What is Schedule III and the drugs included? ----------- Correct Answer ---------- Schedule III drugs/substances/chemicals are defined as drugs with a moderate to low potential for physical and psychological dependence. The abuse potential is less than Schedule II and Schedule II drugs but more than Schedule IV Tylenol with codeine Ketamine Anabolic steroids Testosterone What is Schedule IV and the drugs included? ----------- Correct Answer ---------- Schedule IV drugs/substances/chemicals are defined as drugs with a low potential for abuse and a low risk of dependence Xanax Soma Darvon Darvocet Valium Ativan Talwin

Ambien Tramadol What is Schedule V and the drugs included? ----------- Correct Answer ---------- Schedule V drugs/substances/chemicals are defined as drugs with lower potential for abuse than Schedule IV and consistent of preparations containing limited quantities of certain narcotics Schedule V drugs are generally used for antidiarrheal, antitussive, and analgesic purposes Cough syrups with less than 200mg of codeine or per 100ml Lomotil Motofen Lyrica Parepectolin Robitussin AC What is pharmokinetics? ----------- Correct Answer ---------- The process by which ad rug is absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and eliminated in the body What are the key elements of pharmokinetics of psychoactive drugs? ----------- Correct Answer ---------- - Route of administration

• Speed of transit to the brain
• Affinity for nerve cells and neurotransmitters *The more rapidly a psychoactive drug reaches its target in the central nervous system, the greater its reinforcing effect What are the five common routes of administration of psychoactive drugs? (list in order of speed with which they reach the brain and begin to have an effect) ----------- Correct Answer ---------- - Inhaling
• Injecting (intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous)
• Mucous membrane absorption (snorting)
• Oral Ingestion
• Contact absorption (skin contact like patches) Describe inhaling as a route of administration ----------- Correct Answer ---------- - Inhaling is the fastest method, it takes 7-10 seconds to reach the brain
• When someone smokes or inhales a substance the vaporized drug enters the lungs and is rapidly absorbed through capillaries lining the air sacs of the bronchi - it then travels through the veins to the heart, and is then pumped to the brain and other organs Describe injecting as a route of administration ----------- Correct Answer ---------- - Three methods of injection > intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous

• Takes 15-30 seconds intravenously or 3-5 minutes in the muscle or under skin
• Intravenous injection is most likely to produce an intense rush (a brief and very intense feeling of excitation and mental electricity)
• The slower routes will induce euphoria but not a rush
• Injecting is the most dangerous method of use because it bypasses most of the body's natural defenses Describe mucous membrane absorption as a route of administration ----------- Correct Answer ---------- - Drugs in powdered form can be snorted into the nose (insufflation) and absorbed by the capillaries enmeshed in the mucous membrane lining the nasal passage
• Mucous membrane absorption can also be done through the mouth - under the tongue or between the gums and cheek (3-5 minutes for effects to begin)
• Effects are usually more intense and occur quicker than the oral route because the drug initially bypasses digestive acids, enzymes, and the liver Describe oral ingestion as a route of administration ----------- Correct Answer ---------- - When a drug is swallowed, it passes through the esophagus and stomach to the small intestine, where it is absorbed into the capillaries enmeshed in the intestinal walls
• Capillaries feed the drug into the veins that carry it to the liver, where it is partially metabolized, and then pumped back to the heart and then the rest of the body
• Effects of drugs taken this way are delayed, typically 20-30 minutes Describe contact absorption as a route of administration ----------- Correct Answer -------- -- - Drugs can be applied to the skin through saturated adhesive patches (allow measured quantities to be passively absorbed over a long period of time - up to 7 days) Drugs and the Blood-Brain Barrier ----------- Correct Answer ---------- - Psychoactive drugs and psychotropic drugs can cross the blood-brain barrier because they are fat- soluble, and because the brain is essentially fatty, it readily absorbs fat-soluble substances
• Stress dramatically increases the ability of drugs to cross the barrier, which can potentially speed absorption and exaggerate effects What is the half-life of a drug? ----------- Correct Answer ---------- The measure of time it takes a drug to be inactivated or eliminated by the body