2024 NORAC Exam Study Guide New Latest Version with All Questions from Actual Past Exam a, Exams of Engineering

Download 2024 NORAC Exam Study Guide New Latest Version with All Questions from Actual Past Exam a and more Exams Engineering in PDF only on Docsity!

2024 NORAC Exam Study Guide New Latest Version

with All Questions from Actual Past Exam and 100%

Correct Answers

What is the block signal system called in which the use of each block is governed by an automatic block signal, cab signal or both? --------- Correct Answer ----------- Automatic Block Signal System (ABS) [NORAC p.1] What is the term for an uncoupled engine (or engines) or the leading portion of a train that is directed back toward the remaining stationary portion of the same train? --------- Correct Answer ----------- Return Movement [NORAC p.6] Why type of signal is used to govern the approach to a home signal? --------- Correct Answer ----------- Distant Signal [NORAC p.3] The signal that governs the entrance to an interlocking is called what? --------- Correct Answer ----------- Home Signal [NORAC p.4] What is the name of a track that is designated by timetable upon which movements are authorized by ABS, DCS or interlocking rules? --------- Correct Answer ----------- Main Track [NORAC p.5] What publication is used to inform employees of information affecting the movement of trains? --------- Correct Answer ----------- Bulletin Order (BO) [NORAC p.1] What publication is used to summarize changes to the timetable and other instruction manuals? --------- Correct Answer ----------- General Order (GO) [NORAC p.4] What publication is published periodically which contains instruction and information that does not affect the movement of trains? --------- Correct Answer ----------- Division Notice (DN) [NORAC p.3] What is the Stop Release function? --------- Correct Answer ----------- An operation of the PTC system which allows equipment to be released from a positive stop. [NORAC p.7]

What is a Positive Train Control System (PTC)? --------- Correct Answer ----------- An electronic train control system which enforces Normal Speed, Temporary Speed Restrictions, Stop Signals, or other conditions requiring a train stop. [NORAC p.6] What is a Data Radio? --------- Correct Answer ----------- A radio used on PTC equipped trains and fixed sites to send and receive PTC data updates and information. [NORAC p.2] What is a Transponder? --------- Correct Answer ----------- A device mounted between the rails that transmits location specific information to trains equipped with on board PTC apparatus. [NORAC p.8] What is the speed that does not exceed 15MPH? --------- Correct Answer ----------- Slow Speed [NORAC p.7] What is the speed that does not exceed 30MPH? --------- Correct Answer ----------- Medium Speed [NORAC p.7] What is the speed that does not exceed 45MPH for passenger trains and 40MPH for freight trains? --------- Correct Answer ----------- Limited Speed [NORAC p.7] What is the term used for Maximum Authorized Speed? --------- Correct Answer ----------- Normal Speed [NORAC p.7] What is the fouling point? --------- Correct Answer ----------- The point on a track beyond which equipment will foul an adjacent track. Fouling points will not safely accommodate a person riding the side of a car. [NORAC p.4] Whom should an employee consult if in doubt as to the meaning or application of a rule or special instruction? --------- Correct Answer ----------- Employees must be familiar with and obey all rules and special instructions that relate to their duties. If in doubt as to the meaning or application of a rule or special instruction, an employee must request an explanation from the proper authority. [NORAC Rule B, p.9] What required books must employees maintain and have with them on duty? --------- Correct Answer ----------- The operating rules and timetable, if their duties are affected by them. The safety rules for their department.

The Hazardous Materials Instructions, if they are involved in the shipment of hazardous materials. The Air Brake Instructions, if their duties are affected by them. [NORAC Rule A, p.9] When must a train crew notify the train dispatcher before the expiration of their legal on duty period? --------- Correct Answer ----------- Train and engine crews must notify the appropriate Train Dispatcher or other designated supervisor not less than 3 hours before the expiration of their legal on-duty period, unless scheduled to complete their assignment before their legal work period expires. [NORAC Rule Q, p.14] Where must employees keep their switch keys? --------- Correct Answer ----------- Employees must keep switch keys in secure places, and must not allow unqualified or unauthorized persons to use or gain possession of these keys. [NORAC Rule L, p.13] Why is unauthorized use of electronic devices prohibited? --------- Correct Answer -------- --- The unauthorized use of an electronic device would interfere with the employee's or another employee's performance of safety-related duties. [NORAC Rule E p.11, Rule 716, p. 130] What unusual occurrences must be reported to the train dispatcher? --------- Correct Answer ----------- Derailments, collisions, storms, washouts, high water, fires, obstructions to tracks, and any other condition which could result in death or injury, damage to property or disruption of railroad operations must be reported to the Dispatcher by the quickest available means of communication. [NORAC Rule F, p.11] When is smoking prohibited? --------- Correct Answer ----------- Employees on duty in or about passenger stations or passenger trains are prohibited from using tobacco while serving patrons or while in their presence. Smoking in engines, except in cabs, is prohibited. [NORAC Rule H, p.12] Where must employees show their qualifications? --------- Correct Answer ----------- When an employee passes a physical characteristics examination, the territory on which the employee is qualified must be shown on the "Qualified for Service" page of the employee's timetable, if provided. [NORAC Rule C, p.11] How must employees conduct themselves? --------- Correct Answer ----------- Employees must devote themselves exclusively to the Company's service while on duty. They must render every assistance in their power in carrying out the rules and special instructions, and promptly report any violation to the proper official.

To remain in service, employees must refrain from conduct that adversely affects the performance of their duties, other employees, or the public. Employees must also refrain from conduct that discredits the Company. Acts of insubordination, hostility or willful disregard of the Company's interest are prohibited. [NORAC Rule D, p.11] What is Rule G? --------- Correct Answer ----------- Drugs and Alcohol Employees are prohibited from engaging in the following activities while on duty or reporting for duty:

1. Using alcoholic beverages or intoxicants, having them in their possession, or being under their influence.
2. Using or being under the influence of any drug, medication, or other controlled substance--including prescription and/or over-the-counter medication--that will in any way adversely affect their alertness, coordination, reaction, response or safety. Employees having questions about possible adverse effects of prescribed medication must consult a Company medical officer before reporting for duty.
3. Illegally possessing or selling a drug, narcotic or other controlled substance. An employee may be required to take a breath test and/or provide a urine sample if the Company reasonably suspects violation of this rule. Refusal to comply with this requirement will be considered a violation of this rule and the employee will be promptly removed from service. [NORAC Rule G, p.12] Any employee on duty, or reporting for duty, who is tested by breath or urine sample will be in violation of Rule G if:

• the initial breath test and confirmation of breath test are positive; or,
• the urine screen test is positive, and the confirmation test is positive for the presence of narcotics, sedatives, stimulants, hallucinogens, intoxicants or a derivative or combination of any of these, or any controlled substance or any mood-altering substances. Further, you may be required to provide a blood sample in the case of certain accidents and incidents subject to Federal post-accident testing requirements. If you refuse to cooperate in providing a blood or urine sample following an accident (as specified in 49 CFR Part 219 Subpart C) you shall be removed from service, are subject to dismissal, and may not under What are the benefits of the P.I.E.R. Drug and Alcohol Prevention Program? --------- Correct Answer ----------- - Reduced likelihood of an employee reporting to work impaired.
• Reduced negative consequences related to drugs and alcohol use.

• Increased healthy decision-making around drugs and alcohol use.
• Early access to proven intervention, education and resources strategies. [TTSI G-S2, p.206] When employees have question regarding adverse effects of prescribed medication who should they contact? --------- Correct Answer ----------- Employees having questions about possible adverse effects of prescribed medication must consult a Company medical officer before reporting for duty. [NORAC Rule G, p.12] Where can employees get help if they are impaired and cannot report for duty? --------- Correct Answer ----------- P.I.E.R. Program (1- 800 - 447 - 2562) [TTSI G-S2, p.207] Who must participate in a job briefing? --------- Correct Answer ----------- Employees whose duties require coordination with other employees must hold a job briefing to review all operational and safety conditions before, during and after such duties. [NORAC Rule 4-A, p.17] What must be discussed in a job briefing? --------- Correct Answer ----------- Job briefings must cover, but are not limited to:

1. Bulletin Order items affecting the movement of the train or track car;
2. Form Ds in effect;
3. Known safety hazards, including the presence of other crews working in the area;
4. Work assignments for each crew member performing on-ground tasks. [NORAC Rule 4-B, p.17] Job briefings must cover the following types of information, if applicable:
5. Bulletin Orders, TSRBs & Form Ds
6. General Orders, System General Road Foreman Notices, Operations Standards Updates & Advisories
7. Equipment Restrictions
8. Safety and Security
9. Correct Time
10. Passenger Service
11. Yard Service
12. Reporting Clear or Releasing Main Track Authorities
13. Securing Unattended Equipment [TTSI 4-S1, p.219-221] When is a job briefing required? --------- Correct Answer ----------- Employees whose duties require coordination with other employees must hold a job briefing to review all operational and safety conditions before, during and after such duties. Operational and safety conditions that require a job briefing include, but are not limited to:

1. Prior to beginning any shoving movement;
2. Prior to acting on a Form D received en route;
3. When work conditions or situations change;
4. Prior to and upon the completion of the handling of switches and derails, and
5. At the completion of tasks associated with placing and securing equipment to be left unattended. [p.17] Amtrak train and engine crew members must hold a job briefing at the beginning of their duty and each time operational or safety conditions change after the initial job briefing. [TTSI 4-S1, p.219] Which form is required, to document the initial job briefing? --------- Correct Answer ------ ----- Amtrak Conductors are required to use the Revenue--Initial Job Briefing Form (NRPC 3243) or Non-Revenue--Initial Job Briefing Form (NRPC 3272) during their initial job briefings. [TTSI 4-S1 p.219] How must hand signals be given? --------- Correct Answer ----------- Hand signals must be given from a point where they may be plainly seen, in a manner that can be understood and sufficiently ahead of time to permit the train to comply. [NORAC Rule 13, p.18] What do you do when view of the hand signal is obstructed? --------- Correct Answer ---- ------- Movement must be stopped if:
   3. The signal disappears from view. [NORAC Rule 13, p.18] Where should the employee giving hand signals be located? --------- Correct Answer ---- ------- In a location where they be plainly seen. [NORAC Rule 13, p.18] When are fusees used? --------- Correct Answer ----------- Fusees are both a Day and Night signal. [NORAC Rule 12, p.18] What are the requirements for a train that encounters an unattended fusee? --------- Correct Answer ----------- If a train approaches an unattended burning fusee on or near its track, it must immediately reduce to Restricted Speed consistent with good train handling procedures. It must continue at Restricted Speed until the head end is one mile beyond the fusee. A train must not be stopped over a burning fusee if it can be avoided. If so stopped and the train cannot be moved, the fusee must be extinguished. [NORAC Rule 14, p.20]

Who can apply/remove Blue Signal Protection? --------- Correct Answer ----------- Only a person of the same group or craft that displayed the signals may remove it, after all the workmen are clear. [NORAC Rule 16, p.20] When can equipment that is blue flagged be coupled to or moved? --------- Correct Answer ----------- Once a Blue Signal has been displayed, the following restrictions apply:

1. The equipment must not be coupled to or moved. [NORAC Rule 16, p.20] Where are blue flags/lights displayed? --------- Correct Answer ----------- If the equipment is on a track other than a main track or controlled siding:
2. Attach a blue signal to the controlling engine(s) at a location where it will be clearly visible to an employee at the controls of that engine. If the equipment is on a main track or controlled siding:
3. Display a Blue Signal at each end of the equipment.
4. Attach a Blue Signal to the controlling engine(s) at a location where it will be clearly visible to an employee at the controls at that engine. [NORAC p.21] On either main track or other than main track, whenever a blue signal is required to be attached to the controlling locomotive and visible to the to the Engineer or operator at the controls, such signal must be located on the control stand or console. Displaying a blue signal on the exterior of the locomotive, such as a blue flag attached to the Engineer's window, will NOT be considered to be readily visible to an employee at the controls. On main track, whenever a blue signal is required to be placed at each end of rolling equipment, such signal must be located either at the extreme end of the equipment or in advance of the equipment. Displaying a blue signal on either side of the equipment, including a blue flag attached to the Engineer's window, will NOT be considered as being displayed at the end of rolling equipment. [TTSI 16-S2, p.225] Who can be a utility employee? --------- Correct Answer ----------- A utility employee is a train and engine service employee who is temporarily assigned to a train or yard crew to assist the crew in assembling, disassembling, or operating trains. [NORAC Rule 16-F, p.22] What work can the utility employee do? --------- Correct Answer ----------- Utility Employees may engage in the following activities without blue signal protection: setting

or releasing of brakes, coupling or uncoupling air hoses or other electrical or mechanical connections, preparing equipment for coupling, setting wheel blocks or wheel chains, performing air brake tests, including the cutting in or out of air brake components and the positioning of retaining valves, inspecting, testing, installing, removing or replacing markers or end of train devices. Under all other circumstances a Utility Employee working on, under or between equipment must have blue signal protection. [NORAC Rule 16-F, p.22] List all engine whistle or horn signals you routinely use according to the NORAC operating rules: --------- Correct Answer ----------- -- -- o -- | When approaching a public highway crossing grade and at a whistle sign displaying "W" or "W/MX" and Approaching and passing standing trains -- o | Approaching Roadway Workers or their equipment on or near the tracks regardless of any whistle prohibitions. After this initial warning, sounds two short whistle signals intermittently until the head end of the train has passed the Roadway Workers or their equipment. [NORAC Rule 19, p.25] What is required if the horn or whistle on the lead engine or unit fails en route? --------- Correct Answer ----------- In the application of NORAC Rule 19: If the engine whistle or horn on the leading end of the movement fails en route, the Dispatcher must be notified, and a crew member must immediately take position at the next operable forward facing horn or whistle on the train. The Engineer must be able to communicate with this employee to instruct him when to sound the required whistle or horn signals. If these conditions cannot be met, the Engineer must take the following actions until the whistle or horn is repaired:

1. Notify the Dispatcher immediately.
2. Reduce speed to not exceeding 30MPH.
3. Ring the bell continuously, if equipped.
4. Stop before each public highway crossing grade and provide on-ground warning until the crossing is occupied, unless: a. Automatic crossing warning devices are functioning properly, OR b. No traffic is approaching or stopped at a crossing not equipped with automatic crossing warning devices. [TTSI 19-S1, p.225-226] When must the headlight be displayed? --------- Correct Answer ----------- The headlight facing the direction of movement on every train and engine must be displayed brightly by day and night. Engines in yard service must display the headlight to the front and rear, by day and night. [NORAC Rule 22-A, p.27]

When must the headlight be dimmed? --------- Correct Answer ----------- Except when approaching or passing public highway crossings at grade, the headlight must be dimmed:

1. While standing or passing through yards where other engines are working.
2. When approaching a station where a Form D is to be received.
3. When approaching junctions or terminals.
4. When standing or moving on a main track at meeting points.
5. When standing or when approaching another train operating in the opposite direction in multiple track territory. [NORAC Rule 22-B, p.27] When may the headlight be extinguished? --------- Correct Answer ----------- The headlight may be extinguished:
6. On the end of an engine coupled to cars.
7. When standing on other than a main track.
8. When standing to be met or to be passed by another train in signaled territory.
9. When left unattended on the main track in signaled territory. [NORAC Rule 22-C, p.28] What is required if there is en route failure of the headlight? --------- Correct Answer ------ ----- If all headlight bulbs fail en route, the Engineer must take the following actions:
   1. Illuminate all external engine lights that can be illuminated (except red strobe light).
   2. Notify the Dispatcher as soon as practical.
   3. Ring the bell continuously, if equipped.
   4. Sound the engine whistle or horn frequently.
   5. Approach all public highway crossings at grade prepared to stop. Train may proceed over crossing not exceeding 20MPH. Speed applies to head end only.
   6. Reduce speed at other locations when required by the prevailing conditions, not exceeding 50MPH at night. EXCEPTION: These restrictions do not apply when the train has operable auxiliary lights. [NORAC Rule 22-D, p.28] What are the requirements for the auxiliary lights? --------- Correct Answer ----------- Auxiliary lights consist of two ditch lights (auxiliary lights on steady), two crossing lights (auxiliary lights alternately flashing), or one oscillating light (auxiliary light that moves in a circular or figure eight pattern). Auxiliary lights are considered operative when they illuminate after the engine horn and/or bell is sounded or the auxiliary light switch is activated. Auxiliary lights must be operational before the engine leaves its initial terminal and must be displayed when the engine is approaching and operating over public highway crossings at grade.

[NORAC Rule 22-E, p.28] What are the actions that must be taken if all auxiliary lights fail en route? --------- Correct Answer ----------- If all auxiliary lights fail en route, the train must not exceed 20MPH while the leading end of the train is operating over public highway crossings at grade, and the auxiliary light(s) must be repaired at the next forward repair point (NOTE: If one of a pair of auxiliary lights fails en route, the train may continue at Normal Speed, but the defective auxiliary light must be repaired no later than the next calendar inspection.) [NORAC Rule 22-E, p.28] When must a passenger train display an illuminated marking device and when must the proper functioning of the device be confirmed? --------- Correct Answer ----------- Passenger trains, lite locomotives and locomotives operating at the rear of a train must be equipped with an illuminated marking device or have the rear headlight on low beam at all times. When an illuminated marking device will be required en route, it must be tested before a train leaves its initial terminal. When the display of a marking device is required, proper functioning of the device must be confirmed at all crew change locations. [NORAC Rule 24, p.29] What are the requirements for breaking seals or tampering with appliances and other equipment? --------- Correct Answer ----------- Employees are prohibited from breaking seals on interlocking appliances or other equipment, except when specifically authorized to do so. Employees are prohibited from altering, nullifying or in any manner restricting or interfering with the normal intended function of any device or equipment on engines, cars or other railroad property, except when specifically authorized to do so. In case of failure, or where seals are found to be tampered with, broken, missing, or authorized to be removed, a report must be made immediately to the Dispatcher, Yardmaster, or Engine house Foreman in charge of the territory where the defect is discovered. [NORAC Rule 30, p.30] Who must know that cars and engines have been inspected and that the required brake tests have been performed? --------- Correct Answer ----------- Conductors and engineers must know that cars and engines in their train have been inspected. Crew members must also ensure that required brake tests are performed on all cars and engines. [NORAC Rule 70, p.31] If a flat spot on a wheel of a car or engine develops en route, a member of the crew must inspect it. Upon completion of inspection, the train will be governed as follows:

• When do you proceed at Normal Speed?
• When do you proceed at 10MPH?
• When do you remain stopped? --------- Correct Answer ----------- If a flat spot on a wheel of a car or engine develops en route, a member of the crew must inspect it. Upon completion of inspection, the train will be governed as follows:
• The train may continue at Normal Speed if no other defects affecting movement are observed, AND if:

1. The flat spot is less than 2.5 inches in length. OR
2. If there are 2 adjoining spots, each is less than 2 inches in length.

• If a flat spot is found in excess of either of the above dimensions, but less than 4 inches, and no other defect is observed, two actions must be taken:

1. Speed must not exceed 10MPH
2. A report must be made promptly to the Dispatcher.

• If a flat spot of 4 inches or greater is found, the train must remain stopped until a report is made to the Dispatcher. When determined safe for movement, the Dispatcher will order the car or engine to be set out at the first available siding or terminal. [NORAC Rule 71, p.32] What are the requirements of a movement operating at Restricted Speed? --------- Correct Answer ----------- Movements made at Restricted Speed must comply with the following requirements: The movement must be controlled to permit stopping within one half the range of vision short of:
• Other train or railroad equipment occupying or fouling the track
• Obstructions on or fouling the track
• Switches not properly lined for movement
• Derails set in the derailing position
• Employees working in the foul of the track
• The end of track
• Any signal requiring a stop Employees controlling or directing a movement at Restricted Speed must be on the lookout for broken rail and misaligned track. Movement must not exceed 20MPH outside interlocking limits and 15MPH within interlocking limits. This restriction applies to the entire movement, unless otherwise specified in the rule or instruction that requires Restricted Speed. [NORAC Rule 80, p.34] Employees must not unnecessarily delay trains. Who must they notify of any condition and the cause that will delay a train? --------- Correct Answer ----------- Employees must

not unnecessarily delay trains. Employees must promptly advise the Dispatcher of any known condition that will delay a train or prevent from making Normal Speed. When a train is delayed, the Conductor or Engineer (or other member of crew when instructed by the Conductor) must determine the cause as soon as the safety of their train will permit. As soon as practical the Dispatcher must be informed. [NORAC Rule 90, p. 34] Who must communicate signals affecting the movement of their train? --------- Correct Answer ----------- Employees qualified on the operating rules and located on the leading engine or car must be on the lookout for signals affecting the movement of their train. They must communicate to each other, in a clear manner, the name of each signal as soon as it becomes clearly visible. [NORAC Rule 94A, p.35] When must signals affecting the movement of their train be communicated? --------- Correct Answer ----------- Employees qualified on the operating rules and located on the leading engine or car must be on the lookout for signals affecting the movement of their train. They must communicate to each other, in a clear manner, the name of each signal as soon as it becomes clearly visible. [NORAC Rule 94-A, p.35] Why must signals affecting the movement of your train be observed until passed? --------

• Correct Answer ----------- After the name of a signal has been communicated, employees must observe it until passed. Any change in the signal must be communicated in the required manner. [NORAC Rule 94-A, p.35] Where will FRA excepted track be designated? --------- Correct Answer ----------- FRA Excepted Track will be designated by Timetable. [NORAC Rule 99, p.36] What are the operating requirements for a train on an FRA Excepted Track? --------- Correct Answer ----------- Movements on FRA Excepted Track:
  1. Must not exceed 10MPH.
  2. Must not contain more than five cars that require Hazardous Materials placards.
  3. Are prohibited for occupied passenger trains. [NORAC Rule 99, p. 36] How do you couple to passenger equipment? --------- Correct Answer ----------- When switching passenger equipment or occupied camp cars: a. A stop must be made just prior to coupling. b. Equipment with spear-type couplers must be coupled at a speed not to exceed 2MPH. c. Passenger equipment with continuous buffer plates must not be coupled to freight cars with double-shelf couplers or coupler released levers with a center projecting arm.

d. Engine or cars must not be detached until the equipment has been stopped. e. Curtains and electric jumpers must be disconnected before cars are separated. [NORAC Rule 100-5, p.37] A stop must be made just prior to coupling involving ACS-64 Engines, HHP-8 Engines, or HST Power Cars. Coupling speed must not exceed 2MPH. Coupling at a speed greater than 2.5MPH will result in the shear ring breaking and damaging the coupler. When this occurs, the coupler must not be used until repaired. [TTSI 100-S1, p.273] Who is responsible for the position of switches and derails? --------- Correct Answer ------ ----- Each employee who operates a hand-operated switch or fixed derail is responsible for its use, and must confirm switches and derails are in proper position before, during and after use. [NORAC Rule 104-A, p.38] What must employees do prior to and after operating a hand throw switch? --------- Correct Answer ----------- When operating or verifying the position of a hand-operated switch or fixed derail, employees must:

1. Be qualified on the operating rules relating to switch and fixed derail operation;
2. Conduct a job briefing before work is begun, each time a work plan is changed, and at completion of work;
3. Visually confirm that switches and fixed derails are properly lined for the intended route, and that no equipment is fouling the switches;
4. Visually determine that switch points fit properly and the target, if so equipped, corresponds with the switch's or fixed derail's position;
5. After operating a switch and before making movements in either direction over the switch, ensure that the switch is secured from unintentional movement of the switch points by use of a hook, lock or latch, is so equipped;
6. Ensure that a switch or fixed derail is not operated while rolling and on-track maintenance-of-way equipment is fouling, standing on or moving over the switch or fixed derail;
7. After operating a switch or fixed derail, ensure that, when not in use, each switch or derail is in the proper position, and is locked, hooked, or latched, if so equipped;
8. Promptly report any switch, derail or securement device that is found to be defective or missing. [NORAC Rule 104-A, p.38] When may switches be left in the reverse position? --------- Correct Answer ----------- A main track hand-operated switch is in normal position when lined for the main track, unless otherwise specified. The switch must be lined and locked in normal position when not in use except when:
9. A crew member of another train is in charge of the switch,
10. A switch tender is in charge of the switch,
11. A Roadway Worker is in charge of the switch,

4. The train crew is authorized by Form D line 13 to "Leave the switch (or crossover switches) at (location) in reverse position." [NORAC Rule 104-B, p.39] Where must a movement stop to operate a hand throw switch or crossover? --------- Correct Answer ----------- Equipment must not foul a track until all hand-operated switches and derails connected with the movement are properly lined. [NORAC Rule 104-C, p.40] How are derails used for blue signal protection stored? --------- Correct Answer ----------- The normal position of fixed derails is in the derailing position, except:
5. Where fixed derails are used for blue signal protection, occupied camp car protection, or Roadway Worker protection, they must be applied in the derailing position only when their use is required. [NORAC Rule 104-F, p.41] What actions are required to operate a dual control switch by hand? --------- Correct Answer ----------- Dual control switches must not be hand-operated until permission is obtained from the Dispatcher. Dual control switches must be operated as follows:
6. Remove switch lock from both the "Selector" and "Hand Throw" levers.
7. Throw "Selector" lever to hand-operated position.
8. Operate "Hand Throw" lever until mechanism engages and switch points move with the lever, then operate switch to desired position. This procedure must be followed, even if switch was originally in desired position.
9. Do not move "Selector" lever from hand-operation position until entire movement has passed over the switch.
10. Place "Hand Throw" and "Selector" levers in positions designated by the Dispatcher and secure with switch locks. [NORAC Rule 104-F, p. 41] How can protection be provided for a train receiving/discharging passengers across intervening station tracks? --------- Correct Answer ----------- A passenger train routed to a track that will result in a station stop for receiving or discharging passengers across a main track or controlled siding intervening between that train and the station platform must stop as soon as it is known it is so routed. Before proceeding, the Engineer or Conductor must obtain assurance from the Dispatcher that protection on the track adjacent to the station platform has been provided.
11. Assurance of protection must include:

• Train identification
• Station name
• Track number/designation Example: "Train 5316 is protected across No.1 Track at Fanwood"

2. The receiving employee must repeat this permission and the Dispatcher must then confirm it. [NORAC Rule 121-B, p.47]

Trains must not proceed beyond the last holding point (Interlocking or Control Point) toward the station, that would result in platforming across intervening tracks without assurance or protection from the Dispatcher. [TTSI 121-S1, p.275] Are there any exceptions to Rule 121-A and Rule 121-B Intervening Tracks at Station Platforms? --------- Correct Answer ----------- Two exceptions to the stop requirement are:

1. When verbal or written assurance of protection has been previously provided.
2. When the track adjacent to the station platform is out of service. [NORAC Rule 121-C, p.47] How is protection provided at station listed in the timetable where scheduled trains normally receive and discharge passengers across intervening tracks? --------- Correct Answer ----------- Specific stations are designated in the Timetable as those whose scheduled trains normally receive and discharge passengers across a track between the train and the station platform. Protection against other trains is not required when trains make scheduled stops at these stations. Trains operating on tracks across which passengers are normally received and discharged must approach such stations prepared to stop, until the Engineer has determined that no passenger train is occupying the station by:
3. Visual observation. OR
4. Verbal confirmation from the Dispatcher. [NORAC Rule 121-E, p.48] How must trains operate on an out-of-service track that is adjacent to a station platform? --------- Correct Answer ----------- When a passenger train is approaching, the station platform must not be occupied by:
5. Trains operating on an out-of-service track that is adjacent to a station platform. [NORAC Rule 121-G, p.48] What is required if the "Dead Man" or "Alerter" feature fails en route on a passenger train in non-cab signal territory? --------- Correct Answer ----------- If the "Dead Man" or "Alerter" feature fails en route, an employee must immediately take position in the operating control compartment with the Engineer. This employee must be instructed on how to stop the train should the Engineer become incapacitated. NOTE: On passenger trains in non-cab signal territory, the employee positioned with the Engineer must also be familiar with signal aspects. [NORAC Rule 123, p.48] Who is responsible for the protection of their train? --------- Correct Answer ----------- The Conductor and Engineer are responsible for protection of their train. [NORAC Rule 130-A, p.50]

You must provide flag protection. When are you required to display lighted fusees? ------ --- Correct Answer ----------- Employees equipped with flagging equipment must:

2. Display a lighted fusee if they see or hear a train approaching. [NORAC Rule 130-B-2, p.50] How does the speed on main track effect the distance required for providing protection. --------- Correct Answer ----------- The greater the speed on the affected track, the greater the flagging distance will be. [NORAC Rule 130-A, p.50] What five actions must the qualified employee assigned to protect work locations take? --------- Correct Answer ----------- Qualified employees assigned to protect work locations of railroad construction or private contractors whose operations may affect the safe movement of trains must take the five actions below:
3. Secure flagging equipment
4. Ensure that tracks are not fouled without permission
5. Get permission to foul track
6. Report failure to comply by workers
7. Take action if safe passage is endangered. [NORAC Rule 131, p. 51] How will protection for a known condition that may interfere with safe passage be provided? --------- Correct Answer ----------- Trains must be fully protected against any known condition that may interfere with their safe passage. If work on or adjacent to a track will create a condition interfering with the safe passage of trains, that work must not be attempted without permission of employee in charge of the track. On tracks where ABS, DCS, or Interlocking rules are in effect, the Dispatcher must assure that protection against trains in both directions has been provided as follows:
8. If the work involves on-track equipment or will disturb the track or catenary structure so that it will be unsafe for Normal Speed, Form D line 4 or Form D line 5 must be issued.
9. If the work will not disturb the track or catenary structure, the Dispatcher may verbally authorize Foul Time in accordance with Rule 140. Form D line 4, Form D line 5 and Foul Time may be issued only to employees who are qualified on the operating rules and the physical characteristics of the territory involved. Form D line 13 may be issued in lieu of Form D line 4 when the information necessary to clearly delineate the limits of the affected track area will not physically fit on line 4. When Form D line 13 is used in this manner, the instructions it contains must be formatted as though issued on Form D line 4. [NORAC Rule 132-A, pp.51-52] Who issues the Form D line 4 or 13 to remove a track from service? --------- Correct Answer ----------- The Dispatcher [NORAC Rule 133, p.52]

What happens to the Rules-in-Effect on an out-of-service track? --------- Correct Answer ----------- ABS, CSS, DCS and Interlocking rules do not apply within out-of-service limits. [NORAC Rule 133-D, p.53] When can additional equipment enter or leave out-of-service Limits? --------- Correct Answer ----------- Additional equipment may enter the out-of-service limits after: a. The person in charge of the additional equipment has received permission from the employee in charge of the out-of-service limits. The employee in charge of the out-of- service limits must show or read his copy of the Form D line 4 or line 13 to the person in charge of the additional equipment unless the limits are published by Bulletin Order. b. If movement to the out-of-service limits will involve passing a Stop Signal, the Dispatcher may then authorize movement in accordance with Rule 241. [NORAC Rule 133-E, p.53] How will movements be made within the out-of-service limits? --------- Correct Answer --- -------- All movements must operate at Restricted Speed. [NORAC Rule 133-D, p.53] How must movement operating at Restricted Speed proceed over automatic highway crossings? --------- Correct Answer ----------- In the application of Rule 138(G), trains operating on an out-of-service track must not foul a highway crossing equipped with automatic warning devices until it is ascertained that the warning devices have been operating at least 20 seconds, or the gates (if equipped) are in the horizontal position. If the automatic highway crossing warning devices are not operating, the movement must not be made until protection is provided by on-ground personnel. [TTSI Rule 133-S5, p.285] How will movements enter the In-Service portion of track? --------- Correct Answer -------- --- Movements operating in the out-of-service portion of the track must not enter the in- service portion without permission of the Dispatcher. [NORAC Rule 134-B, p. 54] What actions are required prior to Returning the Track to Service? --------- Correct Answer ----------- When the track is to be returned to service, the employee in charge of the out-of-service track must take two actions:

1. He must notify the Dispatcher of any restrictions necessary for the safe passage of trains, AND
2. He must ascertain that all track cars and trains are clear of the track, and notify the Dispatcher that they are clear. EXCEPTION: With the Dispatcher's permission, the track may be returned to service while it is still occupied by equipment. Before the track is returned to service, the employee in charge of the track must ensure that the equipment remaining on the track receives proper authority to occupy the track after it is returned to service. If the track is governed by Rule 261, permission must include direction of movement.

[NORAC Rule 133-G, p.54] How will movements be made in the direction of the out-of-service track? --------- Correct Answer ----------- Movements in the direction of the out-of-service track must be notified by Bulletin Order, or Form D line 4 or line 13, of the limits of the out-of-service track. Dispatchers must not display signals nor give authority for movements in the direction of the out-of-service track until Form D line 4 or line 13 has been delivered or they have verified that the Engineer is aware of the Bulletin Order item. [NORAC Rule 134-A, p.54] Who is issued a Form D line 5 when a Track is Obstructed for Maintenance? --------- Correct Answer ----------- Form D line 5 must be issued to:

1. The employee requesting to obstruct the track, AND
2. Operators controlling switches within the working limits, AND
3. Trains approaching the obstructed track. EXCEPTION: When the Working Limits is published by Bulletin Order, issuance of Form D to approaching trains is not required. [NORAC Rule 135-A, p.55] How will a train proceed that is within the limits of a Track Obstructed for Maintenance when Bulletin Order Item becomes effective? --------- Correct Answer ----------- Any train that is in the Working Limits when the Bulletin Order item becomes effective may continue at Normal Speed through the Working Limits. The Dispatcher must not issue Form D line 5 until the limits are clear of movements that are not part of the work group. [NORAC Rule 135-F, p.56] What is a movement required to do if they are being routed to another track within the Working Limits? --------- Correct Answer ----------- Before displaying a signal for a train to divert into the Working Limits between the Stop Signs, the Dispatcher must:
4. Inform the Engineer he will be diverted into the Working Limits at (location), AND
5. Require the engineer to advise when permission to enter the Working Limits has been received from the employee in charge. [NORAC Rule 135-E, p.56] Explain the signs displayed to trains approaching a foreman's Form D line 5 (Track Obstructed for Maintenance). --------- Correct Answer ----------- The approach to the Working Limits must be indicated by an Approach sign. The Approach Sign indication will not apply when permission is received to proceed past the Stop Sign. The Working Limits must be indicated by a Stop Sign and a Working Limits Resume Speed Sign. A Working Limits Speed Limit Sign may be substituted for the Stop Sign when the track is not obstructed. [NORAC Rule 135-B, p.55]

Explain the procedures for operation when a train experiences an emergency application of the brakes. --------- Correct Answer ----------- When a train is moving and emergency application of the brakes occurs, crew members must immediately protect adjacent tracks by initiating an emergency radio transmission, in the manner of the following example: "Emergency, Emergency, Emergency. Train TV-24 engine 6605 is in emergency moving east on No. 2 track at MP78." Following the emergency transmission, the Dispatcher must be notified. After the train has stopped, crew members must immediately provide flag protection in both directions on all main tracks and controlled sidings, including those of a foreign railroad. This protection must follow the guidelines of Rule 130, paragraph B, "Flag Protection against Trains on Adjacent Tracks", and will be maintained until:

1. It is known that tracks are not obstructed. OR
2. Full protection has been provided by the Dispatcher. The entire train must be inspected before movement resumes to ensure that no cars have derailed, no load has shifted, and no other condition exists that may endanger train movements. Results of this inspection must be reported promptly to the Dispatcher. [NORAC Rule 136, p.56] Who is required to provide protection when a train is stopped by an emergency application of the brakes? --------- Correct Answer ----------- After the train has stopped, crew members must immediately provide flag protection in both directions on all main tracks and controlled sidings, including those of a foreign railroad. [NORAC Rule 136-B, p.56] What must be protected when a train is stopped by an emergency application of the brakes? --------- Correct Answer ----------- After the train has stopped, crew members must immediately provide flag protection in both directions on all main tracks and controlled sidings, including those of a foreign railroad. [NORAC Rule 136-B, p.56] Why must a walking inspection of the train in emergency be made? --------- Correct Answer ----------- The entire train must be inspected before movement to ensure that no cars have derailed, no load has shifted and no other condition exists that may endanger train movements. Results of this inspection must be reported promptly to the Dispatcher. [NORAC Rule 136-B, p.56] How will movements on adjacent tracks be governed? --------- Correct Answer ----------- All trains receiving information that a train is in emergency on an adjacent track will be governed as follows:

1. A train that is operating in the same direction as the train reported in emergency must operate at Restricted Speed from 1 mile before the reported location until reaching the head end of that train.
2. A train that is operating in the opposite direction of the train reported in emergency must operate at Restricted Speed from the head end of the train in emergency to a point 1 mile beyond the rear end of that train. [NORAC Rule 136-C, p.57] When assisting a Disabled Train, who must provide flag protection? --------- Correct Answer ----------- A crew member of the disabled train must provide flag protection against the opposing movement. [NORAC Rule 137-A,B,C,D, p.57-58] When Assisting a Disabled Train, what action must the train dispatcher take before permitting an opposing movement to assist the disabled train? --------- Correct Answer -- --------- (In Rule 261 territory) To assist a disabled train, the Dispatcher may permit an opposing movement in Rule 261 territory. Before giving this authorization, the Dispatcher must issue Form D line 8 to the disabled train. A crew member of the disabled train must provide flag protection against the opposing movement as prescribed in Rule 137-E. The Dispatcher must then issue a Form D line 9 to the assisting train. ABS rules will not apply to this movement. [NORAC Rule 137-A, p.57] (Against the current of traffic in Rule 251 territory) To assist a disabled train, the Dispatcher may permit an opposing movement against the current of traffic in Rule 251 territory. Before giving this authorization, the Dispatcher must issue Form D line 8 to the disabled train. A crew member of the disabled train must provide flag protection against the opposing movement as prescribed in Rule 137-E. The Dispatcher must then:
3. Issue Form D line 2 to authorize the assisting train to operate to the whole mile post or station at least 2 miles prior to the disabled train, and line 9 to operate from that location to the disabled train. OR
4. Issue Form D line 9 to the assisting train to operate from the point of delivery to the disabled train. DCS rules will not apply to the portion of the movement governed by Form D line 9. [NORAC Rule 137-B, p.57] (On tracks where DCS Rules are in Effect in Both Directions) To assist a disabled train, the Dispatcher may permit an opposing movement on tracks where DCS rules are in effect in both directions. Before giving this authorization, the Dispatcher must take three actions:
5. Issue Form D line 8 to the disabled train, AND
6. Cancel the disabled train's Form D line 2,

AND

3. Inform a crew member of the disabled train that an opposing movement will be authorized. A crew member of of the disabl When can you assist a disabled train without the use of a Form D? --------- Correct Answer ----------- The provisions of Rule 137-A through Rule 137-E will not apply when:
4. The disabled train is stopped within 1/4 mile of the interlocking or CP where the assisting train will begin its opposing or following movement, and communication between the crews is maintained. OR
5. The assisting train is operated by the Engineer of the disabled train. After receiving proper signal indication or verbal permission in accordance with Rule 241, the assisting train must operate at Restricted Speed to the disabled train. [NORAC Rule 137-F, p.59] How will an opposing movement be authorized where Rule 261 is in effect? --------- Correct Answer ----------- To assist a disabled train, the Dispatcher may permit an opposing movement in Rule 261 territory. Before giving this authorization, the Dispatcher must issue Form D line 8 to the disabled train. A crew member of the disabled train must provide flag protection against the opposing movement as prescribed in Rule 137-E. The Dispatcher must then issue a Form D line 9 to the assisting train. ABS rules will not apply to this movement. [NORAC Rule 137-A, p.57] After receiving notification of an activation failure, how must a train proceed? --------- Correct Answer ----------- Stop. Make certain that a crew member provides on-ground warning at the crossing, and do not exceed 15MPH until the leading end operates through the crossing. [NORAC Rule 138-C, p.60] After receiving notification of a false activation or a partial activation, how must a train proceed? --------- Correct Answer ----------- Do not exceed 15MPH until the leading end operates through the crossing. [NORAC Rule 138-C, p. 60] After receiving notification of any type of failure, how must a train proceed if there is a flagger present, but not one for each direction of traffic? --------- Correct Answer ----------- Do not exceed 15MPH until the leading end operates through the crossing. [NORAC Rule 138-C, p. 60] How must a movement of cars not headed by an engine be made over a highway crossing at grade? --------- Correct Answer ----------- Trains being operated from other than the leading end must not enter a highway crossing at grade until on-ground

warning is provided by a crew member or other qualified employee, except when it is visually determined that:

1. Crossing gates are in the fully lowered position, and are not known to be malfunctioning, OR
2. A designated and qualified employee is stationed at the crossing and has the ability to communicate with trains, OR
3. At highway and private crossings equipped only with flashing lights or X-bucks, it is clearly seen that no traffic is approaching or stopped at the crossing, and the leading end of the movement over the crossing does not exceed 15MPH. [NORAC Rule 138-E, p.61] When an employee is required to provide on-ground warning at a highway crossing, how must signals be given to pedestrian and highway traffic? --------- Correct Answer --- -------- When an employee is required to provide on-ground warning at a highway crossing at grade, he must give Stop Signals to pedestrian and highway traffic until the leading end of the train is through the crossing. Stop Signals must be given with red flag or fusees by day, and fusees or a white light at night. [NORAC Rule 138-F, p.61] How is a Form D addressed? --------- Correct Answer ----------- Form D's must be addressed to those who are to execute them, indicating the date and naming the location at which each is to receive his copy. Form D's for a train must be addressed to the Conductor and Engineer, and to anyone who acts as its Pilot. These forms must include the identity of the train:

• Scheduled trains will be identified by the abbreviation "No." plus the schedule number and engine number. (For example "No. 101 Eng. 903")
• Extra trains will be identified by the word "Extra" plus the engine number. (For example: "Extra 933")
• If the engine belongs to another company, that company's initials must precede the engine number. (For example: "Extra CN 2502")
• Blanket addresses may also be used. (For example: "Eastward Trains") [NORAC Rule 162-A, p. 66] Where must employees addressed (on a moving train) receive a copy of the Form D? -- ------- Correct Answer ----------- Form D's must not be dictated to or copied by:

1. An employee operating the controls of a moving train or track car, or
2. An individual piloting a moving train or track car. [NORAC Rule 165-B, p.67] Who can copy a Form D? --------- Correct Answer ----------- Form D's may be dictated only to employees who are qualified on the Operating Rules. [NORAC Rule 165-B, p.67]

What can be added to a Form D that is already in effect? --------- Correct Answer --------- -- Once a Form D has been given a "Time Effective", only the following information may be added to the form:

1. Form D cancellation information.
2. Track is clear information.
3. Additional line 2 authorities.
4. Additional line 3 authorities. [NORAC Rule 169, p.68] What must you do if you have a radio failure before the time effective has been given to your Form D? --------- Correct Answer ----------- If communication fails before a Form D has been given a "Time Effective", trains addressed must not proceed nor be given permission to proceed until communication has been reestablished. [NORAC Rule 167, p.68] When a Form D is addressed to the Conductor or Engineer of a train, what effect does the Form D have on other employees on the train, such as an assistant conductor? ------ --- Correct Answer ----------- These employees must acknowledge their understanding of the Form D and remind employees addressed of its requirements, if necessary. [NORAC Rule 166, p.68] How long are Form D's in effect and how long must they be retained? --------- Correct Answer ----------- Form D's are in effect until fulfilled or cancelled. Form D's which have been fulfilled or cancelled must be marked with an "X" then retained and held available for inspection for a period of 7 days. [NORAC Rule 176, p.70] What are the requirements to pass a Stop Signal? --------- Correct Answer ----------- To pass a stop signal, the train must have verbal permission of the Dispatcher. Permission must not be given or accepted until the train has stopped at the signal. A member of the crew must contact the Dispatcher and follow his instructions. [NORAC Rule 241, p.71] How must a train proceed if a fixed signal is absent, or is imperfectly displayed? --------- Correct Answer ----------- If a fixed signal is absent from the place where it is usually shown, movement must be governed by the most restrictive indication that can be given by that signal. This absence must be reported to the Dispatcher immediately. Imperfectly displayed signals must be regarded as the most restrictive indication that can be given by that signal. The following exceptions apply to color light signals, position light signals, color position light signals and semaphore signals:
5. If only one indication is possible, this indication will govern.
6. If more than one indication is possible and it can be determined that all possible indications are more favorable than Stop and Proceed, trains may proceed as though a Restricting Signal were displayed.

[NORAC Rule 242, p.72] When may a train operate according to the indication of the next fixed signal? --------- Correct Answer ----------- Trains may operate according to the indication of the next fixed signal governing the movement when the following conditions have been met:

1. The next governing signal can be plainly seen, OR
2. The train is not required by rule or the previous signal indication to operate at Restricted Speed. If governed by a signal displaying Limited Clear, Medium Clear, Medium Approach Medium, Medium Approach Slow, Medium Approach, Slow Clear, or Slow Approach speed must not be increased until the entire train is clear of all interlocking or spring switches. [NORAC Rule 243, p.73] What rule indicates that signal indication will be the authority for a train to operate in either direction on the same track? --------- Correct Answer ----------- Rule 261 [NORAC Rule 261, p.73] How is movement authorized on a main track in Non-Signaled DCS territory? --------- Correct Answer ----------- Form D line 2 is required for movement in DCS territory. [NORAC p. 100] How is movement authorized on a main track in Automatic Block Signal (ABS) territory? --------- Correct Answer ----------- ABS signals convey to trains the occupancy and/or condition of the track ahead of them. Under normal conditions train movements are authorized by these signals. [NORAC p.105] How is movement authorized on a main track in Cab Signal System (CSS) territory? ---- ----- Correct Answer ----------- The CSS is interconnected with the fixed signal system to provide the Engineer with continuous information on the occupancy and/or condition of the track ahead. Interlocking and controlled point signal indications will govern movement within interlocking limits or through controlled points only. Distant signals, where in service, will govern approach to home signals. Between fixed signals, movement will be governed by cab signals. [NORAC p.110, Rule 562, p.115] How is movement authorized on a main track in Form D Control System (DCS) territory? --------- Correct Answer ----------- Form D line 2 is required for movement in DCS territory. [NORAC p. 100]

How will the limits of DCS be designated? --------- Correct Answer ----------- The limits of the Form D authority must be designated by station names or whole mile post numbers. [NORAC Rule 400, p.100] What is the maximum authorized speed for trains operating in non-signaled DCS territory? --------- Correct Answer ----------- Passenger trains must not exceed 59MPH and freight trains must not exceed 49MPH, unless otherwise restricted. [NORAC Rule 401, p. 102] How must you approach home signals, controlled point signals, and signals at the beginning of ABS territory when operating under DCS rules? --------- Correct Answer ---- ------- Trains must approach home signals, controlled point signals, and signals at the beginning of ABS territory prepared to stop, unless a distant signal is in service. If a train is delayed after passing a distant signal, it must approach the home signal or controlled point signal prepared to stop. [NORAC Rule 401, p. 102] How will a train in non-signaled DCS territory, authorized by a Form D line 2 to operate in a specified direction, make a reverse move? --------- Correct Answer ----------- To make a reverse movement in non-signaled DCS territory, a train authorized by Form D line 2 to operate in a specified direction must follow one of the procedures listed below:

1. The train must receive another Form D, line 2. OR
2. The train must receive verbal permission from the Dispatcher and must proceed at Restricted Speed. The Dispatcher must specify the location to which the train is authorized to reverse. The Dispatcher must not authorize the train to reverse beyond the last point by which it was reported clear. A crew member must be positioned on or in advance of the leading end (point) of the movement. OR
3. The movement must be preceded by a crew member and must proceed at Restricted Speed. Reverse movement must not go beyond the last whole mile post or station. OR
4. If a train is operating against the current of traffic, the Dispatcher may verbally authorize it to operate with the current of traffic according to ABS rules. Before granting permission, the Dispatcher must ensure that the track to be used is clear of opposing movements, and must cancel the Form D line 2. [NORAC Rule 402-A, p.102] When is a train operating in a specified direction required to report clear of non-signaled DCS territory? --------- Correct Answer ----------- The crew of a train must ensure that the Dispatcher is promptly notified when their train has:
5. Cleared the limits of their specified direction line 2 authority, except when clearing at an interlocking station or TBS, or when verbally relieved from clearing by the Dispatcher. [NORAC Rule 405, p.103]