Nursing Examination: Knowledge and Careers in Nursing, Exams of Nursing

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2024 NR222 Health & Wellness Final Review

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You are participating in a clinical care coordination conference for a patient with terminal cancer. You talk with your colleagues about using the nursing code of ethics for professional registered nurses to guide care decisions. A nonnursing colleague asks about this code. Which of the following statements best describes this code? A. Improves self-health care B. Protects the patient's confidentiality C. Ensures identical care to all patients D. Defines the principles of right and wrong to provide patient care - SOLUTION D. Defines the principles of right and wrong to provide patient care. An 18-year-old woman is in the emergency department with fever and cough. The nurse obtains her vital signs, auscultates her lung sounds, listens to her heart sounds, determines her level of comfort, and collects blood and sputum samples for analysis. Which standard of practice is performed? A. Diagnosis B. Evaluation C. Assessment D. Implementation - SOLUTION C. Assessment A patient in the emergency department has developed wheezing and shortness of breath. The nurse gives the ordered medicated nebulizer treatment now and in 4 hours. Which standard of practice is performed? A. Planning B. Evaluation C. Assessment D. Implementation - SOLUTION D. Implementation A nurse is caring for a patient with end-stage lung disease. The patient wants to go home on oxygen and be comfortable. The family wants the patient to have a new surgical procedure. The nurse explains the risk and

benefits of the surgery to the family and discusses the patient's wishes with the family. The nurse is acting as the patient's: A. Educator B. Advocate C. Caregiver D. Case manager - SOLUTION B. Advocate Evidence-based practice is defined as: A. Nursing care based on tradition B. Scholarly inquiry of nursing and biomedical research literature C. A problem-solving approach that integrates best current evidence with clinical practice D. Quality nursing care provided in an efficient and economically sound manner - SOLUTION C. A problem-solving approach that integrates best current evidence with clinical practice. The examination for registered nurse licensure is exactly the same in every state in the United States. This examination: A. Guarantees safe nursing care for all patients B. Ensures standard nursing care for all patients C. Ensures that honest and ethical care is provided D. Provides a minimal standard of knowledge for a registered nurse in practice - SOLUTION D. Provides a minimal standard of knowledge for a registered nurse in practice Contemporary nursing requires that the nurse has knowledge and skills for a variety of professional roles and responsibilities. Which of the following are examples? (Select all that apply.) A. Caregiver B. Autonomy and accountability C. Patient advocate D. Health promotion E. Lobbyist - SOLUTION A. Caregiver B. Autonomy and accountability C. Patient advocate

Advanced practice registered nurses generally: A. Function independently B. Function as unit directors C. Work in acute care settings D. Work in the university setting - SOLUTION A. Function independently Health care reform will bring changes in the emphasis of care. Which of the following models is expected from health care reform? A. Moving from an acute illness to a health promotion, illness prevention model B. Moving from illness prevention to a health promotion model C. Moving from an acute illness to a disease management model D. Moving from a chronic care to an illness prevention model - SOLUTION A. Moving from an acute illness to a health promotion, illness prevention model Which of the following nursing roles may have prescriptive authority in their practice? (Select all that apply.) A. Critical care nurse B. Nurse practitioner C. Certified clinical nurse specialist D. Charge nurse - SOLUTION B. Nurse practitioner A critical care nurse is using a computerized decision support system to correctly position her ventilated patients to reduce pneumonia caused by accumulated respiratory secretions. This is an example of which Quality and Safety in the Education of Nurses (QSEN) competency? A. Patient-centered care B. Safety C. Teamwork and collaboration D. Informatics - SOLUTION D. Informatics A nurse is caring for an older-adult couple in a community-based assisted living facility. During the family assessment he notes that the couple has many expired medications and multiple medications for their respective chronic illnesses. They note that they go to two different health care

providers. The nurse begins to work with the couple to determine what they know about their medications and helps them decide on one care provider rather than two. This is an example of which Quality and Safety in the Education of Nurses (QSEN) competency? A. Patient-centered care B. Safety C. Teamwork and collaboration D. Informatics - SOLUTION B. Safety The nurses on an acute care medical floor notice an increase in pressure ulcer formation in their patients. A nurse consultant decides to compare two types of treatment. The first is the procedure currently used to assess for pressure ulcer risk. The second uses a new assessment instrument to identify at-risk patients. Given this information, the nurse consultant exemplifies which career? A. Clinical nurse specialist B. Nurse administrator C. Nurse educator D. Nurse researcher - SOLUTION D. Nurse researcher Nurses at a community hospital are in an education program to learn how to use a new pressure-relieving device for patients at risk for pressure ulcers. This is which type of education? A. Continuing education B. Graduate education C. In-service education D. Professional Registered Nurse Education - SOLUTION C. In-service education Which of the following are components of the paradigm of nursing? A. The person, health, environment, and theory B. Health, theory, concepts, and environment C. Nurses, physicians, health, and patient needs D. The person, health, environment/situation, and nursing - SOLUTION D. The person, health, environment/situation, and nursing

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A theory is a set of concepts, definitions, relationships, and assumptions that: A. Formulate legislation. B. Explain a phenomenon. C. Measure nursing functions. D. Reflect the domain of nursing practice. - SOLUTION B. Explain a phenomenon. A patient with diabetes is controlling the disease with insulin and diet. The nursing health care provider is focusing efforts to teach the patient self- management. Which of the following nursing theories is useful in promoting self management? A. Neuman B. Orem C. Roy D. Peplau - SOLUTION B. Orem While working in a community health clinic, it is important to obtain nursing histories and get to know the patients. Part of history taking is to develop the nurse-patient relationship. Which of the following apply to Peplau's theory when establishing the nurse-patient relationship? (Select all that apply.) A. An interaction between the nurse and patient must develop. B. The patient's needs must be clarified and described. C. The nurse-patient relationship is influenced by patient and nurse preconceptions. D. The nurse-patient relationship is influenced only by the nurse's preconceptions. - SOLUTION B. The patient's needs must be clarified and described. Theory-based nursing practice uses a theoretical approach for nursing care. This approach moves nursing forward as a science. This suggests that: A. One theory will guide nursing practice.

B. Scientists will decide nursing decisions. C. Nursing will only base patient care on the practice of other sciences. D. Theories will be tested to describe or predict patient outcomes. - SOLUTION D. Theories will be tested to describe or predict patient outcomes. To practice in today's health care environment, nurses need a strong scientific knowledge base from nursing and other disciplines such as the physical, social, and behavioral sciences. This statement identifies the need for which of the following? A. Systems theories B. Developmental theories C. Interdisciplinary theories D. Health and wellness models - SOLUTION C. Interdisciplinary theories Which of the following theories describe the life processes of an older adult facing chronic illness? A. Systems theories B. Developmental theories C. Interdisciplinary theories D. Health and wellness models - SOLUTION B. Developmental theories Match the following components of systems theory with the definition of that component. A. Feedback B. Input C. Content D. Output

1. Data entering the system
2. End product
3. Data related to system functioning
4. Product and information obtained from the system - SOLUTION A. Feedback is 3. Data related to system functioning B. Input is 1. Data entering the system.

C. Content is 4. Product and information obtained from the system D. Output is 2. End product A patient is admitted to an acute care area. The patient is an active business man who is worried about getting back to work. He has had severe diarrhea and vomiting for the last week. He is weak, and his breathing is labored. Using Maslow's hierarchy of needs, identify this patient's immediate priority. A. Self-actualization B. Air, water, and nutrition C. Safety D. Esteem and self-esteem needs - SOLUTION B. Air, water, and nutrition Match the following theories with their definitions. A. Grand theory B. Middle-range theory C. Descriptive theory D. Prescriptive theory

1. Addresses specific phenomena and reflect practice
2. First level in theory development and describes a phenomenon
3. Provides a structural framework for broad concepts about nursing
4. Linked to outcomes (consequences of specific nursing interventions) - SOLUTION A. Grand theory is 3. Provides a structural framework for broad concepts about nursing. B. Middle-range theory is 1. Addresses specific phenomena and reflect practice. C. Descriptive theory is 2. First level in theory development and describes a phenomenon. D. Prescriptive theory is 4. Linked to outcomes (consequences of specific nursing interventions) Which of the following is closely aligned with Leininger's theory?

A. Caring for patients from unique cultures B. Understanding the humanistic aspects of life C. Variables affecting a patient's response to a stressor D. Caring for patients who cannot adapt to internal and external environmental demands - SOLUTION A. Caring for patients from unique cultures A nurse is applying Henderson's theory as a basis for theory based-nursing practice. Which other elements are important for theory-based nursing practice? (Select all that apply.) A. Knowledge of nursing science B. Knowledge of related sciences C. Knowledge about current health care issues D. Knowledge of standards of practice - SOLUTION A. Knowledge of nursing science D. Knowledge of standards of practice Which of the following statements apply to theory generation? (Select all that apply.) A. Builds scientific knowledge base of nursing B. Discovers relationships of phenomena to practice C. Tests specific phenomena D. Identifies observations about a phenomenon - SOLUTION A. Builds scientific knowledge base of nursing. Which of the following statements about theory-based nursing practice is incorrect? A. Contributes to evidence-based practice B. Provides a systematic process for designing nursing interventions C. Is not linked to nursing outcomes D. Guides the nurse's assessment - SOLUTION C. Is not linked to nursing outcomes As an art nursing relies on knowledge gained from practice and reflection on past experiences. As a science nursing relies on (select all that apply): A. Experimental research.

B. Nonexperimental research. C. Research from other disciplines. D. Professional opinions. - SOLUTION A. Experimental research. B. Nonexperimental research. The client who would be least likely to participate in health teaching activities would choose which model? A. Clinical model B. Adaptive model C. Role performance model D. Eudaimonistic model - SOLUTION A. Clinical model The nurse is teaching about primary prevention and includes which educational statement in the instructions? A. Everyone should participate in colorectal cancer screening. B. Health teaching about the risk factors of heart disease should be performed. C. Limiting disability is a vital role of nursing since preventive measures are therapeutic. D. The nurse is involved in minimizing the effects of disease and disability by surveillance and maintenance. - SOLUTION B. Health teaching about the risk factors of heart disease should be performed. Public health nurses are involved in supporting active health promotion strategies such as: A. supporting clean water. B. advocating for vitamin D in all milk. C. supporting sanitary sewage systems. D. participating in an individual daily exercise program. - SOLUTION D. participating in an individual daily exercise program. Nurses in the school setting can participate in health promotion activities through creating nut-free schools. This would protect hypersensitive children from life-threatening allergic reactions to peanuts and other nut products. This type of program is an example of which of the following interventions?

A. Primary B. Secondary C. Tertiary D. Emergent - SOLUTION A. Primary In addition to changes in ethnic and racial distribution within the population, it is expected that changes in _______ distribution will affect health promotion practice. A. geographic B. environmental C. age D. social - SOLUTION C. age Four distinct models have been used to describe concepts of health. Which of the following statements accurately describes some of the models used? (select all that apply) A. In the clinical health model, health and illness are defined by signs and symptoms of disease. B. The role performance model of health defines health in terms of individuals' ability to perform social roles. C. The clinical model is the basis for occupational health evaluations. D. In the adaptive model of health, people's ability to adjust positively to social, mental, and physiological change is the measure of their health. E. In the eudaimonistic model, exuberant well-being indicates optimal health. - SOLUTION B. The role performance model of health defines health in terms of individuals' ability to perform social roles. D. In the adaptive model of health, people's ability to adjust positively to social, mental, and physiological change is the measure of their health. E. In the eudaimonistic model, exuberant well-being indicates optimal health. Health is considered to be a metaparadigm for nursing and includes which of the following components? (select all that apply) A. Person B. Health C. Environment D. Nursing

E. Psychosocial wellness - SOLUTION A. Person B. Health C. Environment D. Nursing Which of the following agencies or initiatives have been driving forces in health care reform and the prevention of disease in society? (select all that apply) A. Healthy People B. Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act C. U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare D. Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act E. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services - SOLUTION A. Healthy People C. U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare E. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services What are the two overarching goals of Healthy People 2010? (select two that apply) A. Increase quality and years of life B. Eliminate health disparities C. Create access to preventive services for all. D. Increase the span of healthy life - SOLUTION A. Increase quality and years of life B. Eliminate health disparities The nurse assesses a community for evidence of health-promotion strategies. Which of the following are health-promotion strategies? (select all that apply) A. Seeking primary care in the acute care hospital B. Self-care for minor illness C. Entry into acute care facilities to manage chronic illness D. Environmental changes to enhance clean air E. Supporting Habitat for Humanity house construction - SOLUTION B. Self-care for minor illness D. Environmental changes to enhance clean air E. Supporting Habitat for Humanity house construction

The nurse is participating at a health fair at the local mall giving influenza vaccines to senior citizens. What level of prevention is the nurse practicing? A. Primary prevention B. Secondary prevention C. Tertiary prevention D. Quaternary prevention - SOLUTION A. Primary prevention A patient experienced a myocardial infarction 4 weeks ago and is currently participating in the daily cardiac rehabilitation sessions at the local fitness center. In what level of prevention is the patient participating? A. Primary prevention B. Secondary prevention C. Tertiary prevention D. Quaternary prevention - SOLUTION C. Tertiary prevention Based on the transtheoretical model of change, what is the most appropriate response to a patient who states: "Me, exercise? I haven't done that since junior high gym class, and I hated it then!" A. "That's fine. Exercise is bad for you anyway." B. "OK. I want you to walk 3 miles 4 times a week, and I'll see you in 1 month." C. "I understand. Can you think of one reason why being more active would be helpful for you?" D. "I'd like you to ride your bike 3 times this week and eat at least four fruits and vegetables every day." - SOLUTION C. "I understand. Can you think of one reason why being more active would be helpful for you?" A patient comes to the local health clinic and states: "I've noticed how many people are out walking in my neighborhood. Is walking good for you?" What is the best response to help the patient through the stages of change for exercise? A. "Walking is OK. I really think running is better." B. "Yes, walking is great exercise. Do you think you could go for a 5-minute walk next week?"

C. "Yes, I want you to begin walking. Walk for 30 minutes every day and start to eat more fruits and vegetables." D. "They probably aren't walking fast enough or far enough. You need to spend at least 45 minutes if you are going to do any good." - SOLUTION B. "Yes, walking is great exercise. Do you think you could go for a 5-minute walk next week?" A male patient has been laid off from his construction job and has many unpaid bills. He is going through a divorce from his marriage of 15 years and has been seeing his pastor to help him through this difficult time. He does not have a primary health care provider because he has never really been sick and his parents never took him to the physician when he was a child. Which external variables influence the patient's health practices? (Select all that apply.) A. Difficulty paying his bills B. Seeing his pastor as a means of support C. Family practice of not routinely seeing a health care provider D. Stress from the divorce and the loss of a job - SOLUTION A. Difficulty paying his bills C. Family practice of not routinely seeing a health care provider The nurse is conducting a home visit with an older adult couple. She assesses that the lighting in the home is poor and there are throw rugs throughout the home and a low footstool in the living room. She discusses removing the rugs and footstool and improving the lighting with the couple. The nurse is addressing which level of need according to Maslow? A. Physiological B. Safety and security C. Love and belonging D. Self-actualization - SOLUTION B. Safety and security When taking care of patients, the nurse routinely asks them if they take any vitamins or herbal medications, encourages family members to bring in music that the patient likes to help the patient relax, and frequently prays with her patients if that is important to them. The nurse is practicing which model? A. Holistic

B. Health belief C. Transtheoretical D. Health promotion - SOLUTION A. Holistic When illness occurs, different attitudes about it cause people to react in different ways. What do medical sociologists call this reaction to illness? A. Health belief B. Illness behavior C. Health promotion D. Illness prevention - SOLUTION B. Illness behavior A patient at the community clinic asks the nurse about health promotion activities that she can do because she is concerned about getting diabetes mellitus since her grandfather and father both have the disease. This statement reflects that the patient is in what stage of the health belief model? A. Perceived threat of the disease B. Likelihood of taking preventive health action C. Analysis of perceived benefits of preventive action D. Perceived susceptibility to the disease. - SOLUTION D. Perceived susceptibility to the disease. A nurse works in a special care unit for children with severe immunology problems and is caring for a 3-year-old boy from Greece. The boy's father is with him while his mother and sister are back in Greece. The nurse is having difficulty communicating with the father. What action does the nurse take? A. Care for the boy as she would any other patient B. Ask the manager to talk with the father and keep him out of the unit C. Have another nurse care for the boy because maybe that nurse will do better with the father D. Search for help with interpretation and understanding of the cultural differences by contacting someone from the local Greek community - SOLUTION D. Search for help with interpretation and understanding of the cultural differences by contacting someone from the local Greek community

A patient with a 20-year history of diabetes mellitus had a lower leg amputation. Which statement made by the patient indicates that he is experiencing a problem with body image? A. "I just don't have any energy to get out of bed in the morning." B. "I've been attending church regularly with my wife since I got out of the hospital." C. "My wife has taken over paying the bills since I've been in the hospital." D. "I don't go out very much because everyone stares at me." - SOLUTION D. "I don't go out very much because everyone stares at me." The patient states she joined a fitness club and attends the aerobics class three nights a week. The patient is in what stage of behavioral change? A. Precontemplation B. Contemplation C. Preparation D. Action - SOLUTION D. Action The nurse is developing a health promotion program on healthy eating and exercise for high school students using the health belief model as a framework. Which statement made by a nursing student is related to the individual's perception of susceptibility to an illness? A. "I don't have time to exercise because I have to work after school every night." B. "I'm worried about becoming overweight and getting diabetes because my father has diabetes." C. "The statistics of how many teenagers are overweight is scary." D. "I've decided to start a walking club at school for interested students." - SOLUTION B. "I'm worried about becoming overweight and getting diabetes because my father has diabetes." The nurse assesses the following risk factors for coronary artery disease (CAD) in a male patient. Which factors are classified as genetic and physiological? (Select all that apply.) A. Sedentary lifestyle B. Father died from CAD at age 50 C. History of hypertension

D. Eats diet high in sodium E. Elevated cholesterol level F. Age is 44 years - SOLUTION B. Father died from CAD at age 50 C. History of hypertension F. Age is 44 years Which activity represents secondary prevention? A. A home health care nurse visits a patient's home to change a wound dressing. B. A 50-year-old woman with no history of disease attends the local health fair and has her blood pressure checked. C. The school health nurse provides a program to the first-year students on healthy eating. D. The patient attends cardiac rehabilitation sessions weekly. - SOLUTION A. A home health care nurse visits a patient's home to change a wound dressing. The nurse, presenting a nutrition class to high school students, emphasizes that the leading cause of death associated with diet is: A. anemia. B. infection. C. cirrhosis of the liver. D. coronary heart disease. - SOLUTION D. coronary heart disease. The client asks the nurse, "Should I take a nutrient supplement?" The nurse explains that nutrient supplementation is indicated in situations such as: A. folic acid prior to pregnancy. B. vitamin A during the first trimester of pregnancy. C. vitamin E during anticoagulation therapy. D. calcium in iron-deficiency anemia. - SOLUTION A. folic acid prior to pregnancy. Which statement requires further teaching related to food safety practices? A. Always drink pasteurized juices. B. Wash fresh fruits and vegetables thoroughly.

C. When shopping, buy perishable foods last and take them straight home. D. Cooked meat, poultry, and eggs may be left out at room temperature for up to 3 hours - SOLUTION D. Cooked meat, poultry, and eggs may be left out at room temperature for up to 3 hours Who has priority for being served? A. Non-breastfeeding postpartum women with any nutritional risk B. Individuals at nutritional risk only because they are homeless C. Children (up to age 5) at nutritional risk from serious medical problems D. Infants determined to be at risk at nutritional risk from serious medical problems - SOLUTION D. Infants determined to be at risk at nutritional risk from serious medical problems. When assessing elderly adults, the nurse determines that malnutrition may be present in the person with: A. serum albumin level of 5.0 gm/dL. B. midarm muscle circumference at the 25th percentile. C. triceps skinfold thickness at the 20th percentile. D. involuntary decrease of weight of more than 10 lb in the last 6 months. - SOLUTION D. involuntary decrease of weight of more than 10 lb in the last 6 months. The single largest group at risk for malnutrition is composed of elderly adults. The health care professional should refer the individual to a physician when there has been an involuntary weight loss of 10 lb or more within a 6-month period. Additional anthropometric measurements suggesting malnutrition include:

• Triceps skinfold thickness less than 10th percentile
• Midarm muscle circumference less than 10th percentile
• Serum albumin level less than 3.5 mg/dL
• Evidence of osteoporosis or mineral deficiency (indicated by a history of bone pain or fractures, particularly in older women)
• Evidence of vitamin deficiency (indicated by inadequate intake of fruits and vegetables, angular stomatitis, glossitis, or bleeding gums; pressure ulcers in bedridden individuals) The nurse, teaching a class on reducing the incidence of heart disease, emphasizes that the major risk factors for heart disease are:

A. peripheral arterial disease. B. HDL greater than 40 mg/dL. C. age between 45 and 55. D. fasting blood glucose between 90 and 100 mg/dL. - SOLUTION A. peripheral arterial disease. Questions 1.ID: 455593286 The nurse, presenting a nutrition class to high school students, emphasizes that the leading cause of death associated with diet is: anemia. infection. cirrhosis of the liver. coronary heart disease. Correct The four leading causes of death directly associated with diet are coronary heart disease, some types of cancer, stroke, and diabetes mellitus. Anemia may be caused by inadequate iron and folate intake. A person's risk for infection is increased if the person is malnourished. Cirrhosis of the liver is caused by alcohol abuse. Awarded 0.0 points out of 1.0 possible points. 2.ID: 455593282 The client asks the nurse, "Should I take a nutrient supplement?" The nurse explains that nutrient supplementation is indicated in situations such as: folic acid prior to pregnancy. Correct vitamin A during the first trimester of pregnancy. vitamin E during anticoagulation therapy. calcium in iron-deficiency anemia. Nutrient supplements are sometimes necessary for specific populations to obtain desirable amounts of particular nutrients. These include:

• Folic acid for women who could be pregnant to help prevent neural tube defects
• Iron during pregnancy
• Calcium for individuals who do not meet the recommended intake of calcium
• Vitamin D for elderly people who do not drink generous quantities of fortified milk or who do not manufacture vitamin D from sunlight Large doses of vitamin A may be teratogenic and supplementation should be avoided during the first trimester of pregnancy, unless there is a specific

deficiency. Calcium supplements interfere with iron absorption. High doses of vitamin E can interfere with vitamin K action and enhance the effect of Coumadin. Awarded 0.0 points out of 1.0 possible points. 3.ID: 455593292 Which state A homebound older American would likely receive which of the following nutrition services? A. Congregate Nutrition Services Program B. Meals on Wheels C. Nutrition Services Incentive Program (NSIP) D. Indian Tribal Organization (ITO) - SOLUTION B. Meals on Wheels Which of the following are Healthy People 2020 objectives for heart disease? (select all that apply) A. Reduce the proportion of adults with high total blood cholesterol levels. B. Decrease the number of persons requiring open-heart surgery. C. Reduce consumption of calories from solid fats and added sugars in the population aged 2 years and older. D. Increase the proportion of adults with coronary heart disease or stroke who have their LDL cholesterol level at or below recommended levels. E. Reduce the proportion of adults who are obese (to 30.6% from 34%). F. Increase the number of persons with heart disease who receive an aspirin at discharge. - SOLUTION A. Reduce the proportion of adults with high total blood cholesterol levels. C. Reduce consumption of calories from solid fats and added sugars in the population aged 2 years and older. D. Increase the proportion of adults with coronary heart disease or stroke who have their LDL cholesterol level at or below recommended levels. E. Reduce the proportion of adults who are obese (to 30.6% from 34%). What are the leading nutritional guidelines that are used for translation into law, policy, programs and consumer messages in the United States? (select all that apply) A. Dietary Reference Intakes B. Recommended Dietary Allowances

C. Dietary Guidelines for Americans D. My Plate E. Food and Drug Administration - SOLUTION A. Dietary Reference Intakes C. Dietary Guidelines for Americans D. My Plate Which of the following statements accurately describe poverty in the United States according to the 2010 U.S. Census? (select all that apply) A. 15.1% of the population lived below poverty level. B. Hispanics have the highest rates of poverty. C. Poverty is higher in the West. D. Growth in income has not increased equally for all households. E. 25% of people living in poverty are older Americans. - SOLUTION A. 15.1% of the population lived below poverty level. D. Growth in income has not increased equally for all households. E. 25% of people living in poverty are older Americans. The nurse is presenting information on the effects of exercise on lipid metabolism. The nurse emphasizes that: A. increases in HDL lower the total cholesterol-HDL ratio. B. longer periods of exercise produce smaller increases in HDL. C. the effect of exercise on lipid metabolism is related to the intensity of the exercise. D. exercise has little influence on plasma levels of HDL (high-density lipoprotein) and triglycerides. - SOLUTION A. increases in HDL lower the total cholesterol-HDL ratio. The nurse is teaching a class to nursing students on the relationship between exercise and immune system function. Content should include: A. high-intensity exercise decreases the incidence of upper respiratory infections. B. moderate exercise decreases the release of immunostimulatory hormones. C. intense exercise is associated with a decrease in catecholamine and corticosteroid levels.

D. moderate exercise is associated with a prolonged improvement in the killing capacity of neutrophils. - SOLUTION D. moderate exercise is associated with a prolonged improvement in the killing capacity of neutrophils. The nurse is developing a physical activity program for populations with low rates of physical activity. This program should focus on individuals with: A. lower incomes. B. higher education levels. C. no disabilities. D. an age less than 50 years old. - SOLUTION A. lower incomes. According to Healthy People 2020 objectives, which type of physical activity uses stored adipose tissue as a major fuel source? A. Exercise training B. Aerobic exercise C. Anaerobic exercise D. Muscular fitness - SOLUTION B. Aerobic exercise Which measures are used to diagnose an individual as being obese? (select all that apply) A. BMI 25.0 to 29.9 B. BMI 30.0 or higher C. Body fat percentage of 15% for women D. Body fat percentage greater than 16% for men E. Body fat percentage greater than 24% for women - SOLUTION B. BMI 30.0 or higher D. Body fat percentage greater than 16% for men E. Body fat percentage greater than 24% for women What are the potential physiological and metabolic changes which are expected in an individual at risk for coronary heart disease once they have adopted regular physical activity? (select all that apply) A. Decreasing high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterolunction B. Increasing low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol C. Decreasing high blood pressure

D. Improving glucose tolerance E. Decreased risk of ventricular fibrillation - SOLUTION C. Decreasing high blood pressure D. Improving glucose tolerance E. Decreased risk of ventricular fibrillation What goals would the nurse establish with the diabetic person who is given an exercise program? (select all that apply) A. Improve flexibility that is impaired as muscle collagen becomes glycosylated. B. Maintain or improve cardiovascular fitness to eliminate cardiovascular complications. C. Improve muscle strength. D. Assist with weight control for those with type 1 diabetes. E. Allow people with type 1 diabetes to safety participate in activities or sports. - SOLUTION C. Improve muscle strength. E. Allow people with type 1 diabetes to safety participate in activities or sports. The community health nurse is preparing to educate a group of mothers at the local middle school. Her teaching curriculum is aimed at providing the women with information about bone health and osteoporosis risk factors. Which of the following statements should be included in the presentation? (select all that apply) A. It is not possible to retard the effects of osteoporosis. B. Physical activity should include aerobic exercise but strength training is ineffective in preventing osteoporosis. C. It is important to optimize intake of calcium and vitamin D. D. Skeletal mass is maintained in adulthood through physical activity. E. Some loss of bone begins to occur after the age of 30. - SOLUTION C. It is important to optimize intake of calcium and vitamin D. D. Skeletal mass is maintained in adulthood through physical activity. E. Some loss of bone begins to occur after the age of 30. Which of the following general statements about physical activity are true? (select all that apply)

A. Higher education and income are associated with more leisure-time activity. B. People who are obese are usually less active than their leaner counterparts. C. Women are more active than men. D. Physical activity increases with age. E. Ethnic minorities are less active than white Americans. - SOLUTION A. Higher education and income are associated with more leisure-time activity. B. People who are obese are usually less active than their leaner counterparts. E. Ethnic minorities are less active than white Americans. Recommendations and precautions for people with diabetes who are interested in regular physical activity and exercise include (select all that apply) A. monitor blood glucose levels before and 20 to 30 minutes after exercise. B. exercise at the peak times of the insulin. C. inject the insulin into a muscle area that will be active during exercise. D. exercise approximately 1 hour before meals. E. avoid high-impact activity when prone to neuropathy in the legs and feet. F. carry a concentrated form of carbohydrate when exercising. - SOLUTION A. monitor blood glucose levels before and 20 to 30 minutes after exercise. E. avoid high-impact activity when prone to neuropathy in the legs and feet. F. carry a concentrated form of carbohydrate when exercising. Physiological effects of stress include: A. decreasing the antiinflammatory response. B. decreasing musculoskeletal tension and tone. C. increasing the heart rate, blood pressure, and respiratory rate. D. shifting of blood for the large muscle groups to the visceral organs. - SOLUTION C. increasing the heart rate, blood pressure, and respiratory rate. Research has demonstrated the role of stress-hardy characteristics of individuals in promoting better health. These characteristics of stress hardiness include:

A. viewing stress as a challenge rather than a threat. B. feeling as though one does not have internal control over stressful situations. C. having to focus commitment on primarily one component (home or work) in life. D. reporting more physical symptoms related to the degree of stress. - SOLUTION A. viewing stress as a challenge rather than a threat. The nurse is discussing strong evidence on effectiveness of alternative and complimentary therapies in reducing harmful effects of stress. Emphasis is placed on the effectiveness of: A. aromatherapy. B. acupuncture. C. chiropractic. D. herbal therapy. - SOLUTION B. acupuncture. The nurse is implementing cognitive restructuring as a stress-management intervention with a group of pregnant teens. The nurse explains that cognitive restructuring reduces stress by: A. glossing over misfortune, suffering, or negative feelings. B. helping people identify who is responsible for their stress. C. recognizing that negative thinking often causes emotional distress. D. assisting people to focus on a narrow range of feelings causing their stress. - SOLUTION C. recognizing that negative thinking often causes emotional distress. Any psychological, social, environmental, physiological, or spiritual stimulus that disrupts homeostasis requiring change or adaptation is a: A. stressor. B. trigger. C. distress. D. cognitive restructuring. - SOLUTION A. stressor. The community health nurse performs an assessment on a local family to determine their stress-coping abilities. Which of the following is an example

of the primary appraisal of the coping ability of a family experiencing financial hardship? A. The family becomes aware of information of which they were previously unaware. B. The family identifies information related to their perceived problems. C. The family describes perceived actual and potential positive and negative outcomes. D. Individuals within the family verbalize methods to cope with the actual or potential harm, threat, or challenge. - SOLUTION C. The family describes perceived actual and potential positive and negative outcomes. When an individual elicits the relaxation response through meditation, which stress-management skill is being practiced? A. Healthy pleasures B. Spiritual practice C. Affirmation D. Empathy - SOLUTION B. Spiritual practice Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT ) is a stress management intervention that can be utilized. Which of the following statements are true about CBT? (select all that apply) A. CBT is effective with many stress-related and mental health disorders. B. CBT is a long-term intervention. C. CBT helps people evaluate their thoughts, challenge them, and replace them with more rational cognitive and behavioral responses. D. CBT can be utilized by any therapist. E. Cognitive-behavioral restructuring teaches people that negative thinking often causes emotional distress. - SOLUTION A. CBT is effective with many stress-related and mental health disorders. C. CBT helps people evaluate their thoughts, challenge them, and replace them with more rational cognitive and behavioral responses. E. Cognitive-behavioral restructuring teaches people that negative thinking often causes emotional distress. The nurse is providing suggestions to individuals with sleep disturbances resulting from stress-related issues. The nurse recommends which of the following? (select all that apply)