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2024 NR507 FINAL STUDY GUIDE EXAM WITH CORRECT ANSWERS, Exams of Advanced Education

2024 NR507 FINAL STUDY GUIDE EXAM WITH CORRECT ANSWERS   What is the major virus involved in the development of cervical cancer? - CORRECT ANSWERS- Human Papillomavirus Which statement accurately describes childhood asthma? - CORRECT ANSWERS- An obstructive airway disease characterized by reversible airflow obstruction, bronchial hyperreactivity, and inflammation The ability of the pathogen to invade and multiply in the host is referred to as: - CORRECT ANSWERS- Infectivity Obesity creates a greater risk for dehydration in people because: - CORRECT ANSWERS- Adipose cells contain little water because fat is water repelling. What effect does hyperphosphatemia have on other electrolytes? - CORRECT ANSWERS- Decreases serum calcium

Typology: Exams

2024/2025

Available from 11/30/2024

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2024 NR507 FINAL STUDY GUIDE

EXAM WITH CORRECT ANSWERS

What is the major virus involved in the development of cervical cancer? - CORRECT ANSWERS- Human Papillomavirus Which statement accurately describes childhood asthma? - CORRECT ANSWERS- An obstructive airway disease characterized by reversible airflow obstruction, bronchial hyperreactivity, and inflammation The ability of the pathogen to invade and multiply in the host is referred to as: - CORRECT ANSWERS- Infectivity Obesity creates a greater risk for dehydration in people because: - CORRECT ANSWERS- Adipose cells contain little water because fat is water repelling. What effect does hyperphosphatemia have on other electrolytes? - CORRECT ANSWERS- Decreases serum calcium What term is used to identify an interlacing bundle of dense, what fibrous tissue that is richly supplied with nerves, blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels. - CORRECT ANSWERS- Joint capsule Open-angle glaucoma occurs because of? - CORRECT ANSWERS- Obstructed outflow of aqueous humor

Loud snoring, a decrease in oxygen saturation, fragmented sleep, chronic daytime sleepiness, and fatigue are clinical manifestations of which sleep disorder? - CORRECT ANSWERS- Obstructive sleep apnea What is the most common opportunistic infection associated with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)? - CORRECT ANSWERS- Cytomegalovirus Continued therapy of pernicious anemia generally lasts how long? - CORRECT ANSWERS- The rest of one's life Which statement best describes cystic fibrosis? - CORRECT ANSWERS- Pulmonary disorder involving an abnormal expression of protein-producing viscous mucus that obstructs the airways, pancreas, sweat ducts, and vas deferens What pulmonary defense mechanism propels a mucous blanket that entraps particles moving toward the oropharynx? - CORRECT ANSWERS- Cilia As stated in the Frank-Starling law, a direct relationship exists between the ___ of the blood in the heart at the end of diastole and the ___ of contraction during the next systole. - CORRECT ANSWERS- Force Viscosity; strength The tonic neck reflex observed in a newborn should no longer be obtainable by: - CORRECT ANSWERS- 5 Months Carcinoma refers to abnormal cell proliferation originating from which tissue organ?

  • CORRECT ANSWERS- Epithelial cells Which of the following describes how the body compensates for anemia? - CORRECT ANSWERS- Increasing rate and depth of breathing

What term is used to describe a hernial protrusion of a saclike cyst that contains meninges, spinal fluid, and a portion of the spinal cord through a defect in a posterior arch of a vertebra? - CORRECT ANSWERS- Mylelomeningocele Chvostek and Trousseau signs indicate which electrolyte imbalance? - CORRECT ANSWERS- Hypocalcemia After sexual transmission of HIV, a person can be infected yet seronegative for how many months? - CORRECT ANSWERS- 6- Which hormone prompts increased anxiety, vigilance, and arousal during stress response? - CORRECT ANSWERS- Norepinephrine Which blood cells are the chief phagocytes involved in the early inflammation process? - CORRECT ANSWERS- Neutrophils Where are alveolar macrophages found? - CORRECT ANSWERS- Lungs Which normal physiologic change occurs in the aging pulmonary system? - CORRECT ANSWERS- Stiffening of the chest wall An infant diagnosed with small patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) would likely exhibit which symptom? - CORRECT ANSWERS- Lack of symptoms Hemophilia B is caused by a deficiency of which clotting factor? - CORRECT ANSWERS- IX A hypersensitivity reaction that produces an allergic response is called: - CORRECT ANSWERS- Anaphylaxis

Which statement is true regarding pain and cancer? - CORRECT ANSWERS- Pain is generally associated with late-stage cancer What is the anomaly in which the soft bony component of the skull and much of the brain is missing? - CORRECT ANSWERS- Anencephaly At birth, which statement is true? - CORRECT ANSWERS- Gas exchange shifts from the placenta to the lung What is the most commonly reported symptom in cancer treatment? - CORRECT ANSWERS- Fatigue The common property among the three types of medications used to treat depression is that they" - CORRECT ANSWERS- Increase neurotransmitter levels within the synapse Prolonged high environmental temperatures that produce dehydration, decreased plasma volumes, hypotension, decreased cardiac output, and tachycardia cause which disorder of temperature regulation? - CORRECT ANSWERS- Heat Exhaustion Congenital Aganglionic megacolon (Hirchsprung disease) involves inadequate motility of the colon caused by neural malformation of which nervous system? - CORRECT ANSWERS- Parasympathetic What type of fracture occurs at a site of preexisting bone abnormality and is a result of a force that would not normally cause a fracture? - CORRECT ANSWERS- Pathologic What is the leading cause of infertility in women? - CORRECT ANSWERS- Polycystic ovary syndrome

Alterations in which part of the brain are linked to hallucinations, delusions, and thought disorders associated with schizophrenia? - CORRECT ANSWERS- Temporal lobe What is the function of the mucus secreted by Bartholin glands? - CORRECT ANSWERS- Enhancement of the motility of sperm People with gout are at high risk for which co-morbid condition? - CORRECT ANSWERS- Renal Calculi The tear in a ligament is referred to as a" - CORRECT ANSWERS- Sprain Regarding type 2 Diabetes, obesity is considered to be what type of risk> - CORRECT ANSWERS- Modifiable Adoption studies have shown that the offspring of an alcoholic parent when raised by nonalcoholic parents have what amount of an increased risk of developing alcoholism? - CORRECT ANSWERS- Fourfold What causes the crystallization within the synovial fluid of the joint affected by gouty arthritis? - CORRECT ANSWERS- Overproduction of uric acid It is true that Guillian-Barre syndrome (GBS) - CORRECT ANSWERS- Is preceded by a viral illness The failure of bones to ossify, resulting in soft bones and skeletal deformity, characterizes which disorder? - CORRECT ANSWERS- Rickets Which dietary lifestyle choice has been associated with a decreased risk for developing colon canceR? - CORRECT ANSWERS- Decreased consumption of foods high in fat

The sudden apparent arousal in which a child expresses intense fear or another strong emotion while still in a sleep state characterizes which sleep disorder? - CORRECT ANSWERS- Night Terrors Which virus is a precursor for developing cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and cervical cancer? - CORRECT ANSWERS- Human Papillomavirus (HPV) What anchors articular cartilage to the underlying bone? - CORRECT ANSWERS- Collagen Fibers Which gastric cells secrete hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor? - CORRECT ANSWERS- Parietal Which water-soluable vitamin is absorbed by passive diffusion? - CORRECT ANSWERS- Vitamin B What is the first sign of puberty in girls? - CORRECT ANSWERS- Breast enlargement Pinkeye is characterized by inflammation of which structure? - CORRECT ANSWERS- Conjuntiva What syndrome, characterized by an absent homologous X chromosome with only a single X chromosome, exhibits features that include short stature, widely spaced nipples, and webbed neck? - CORRECT ANSWERS- Turner A criterion for a diagnosis of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a period of excessive worrying that lasts for at least how many months? - CORRECT ANSWERS- 6

Obesity acts as an important risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus by: - CORRECT ANSWERS- Increasing the resistance to insulin by cells Which clinical manifestations would be expected for a child who has complete trisomy of the 21st chromosome? - CORRECT ANSWERS- An IQ of 25-70, low nasal bridge, protruding tongue, and flat, low-set ears Where is the usual site of cervical dysplasia or cancer in situ. - CORRECT ANSWERS- Columnar epithelium of the cervix meets the squamous epithelium of the vagina How can glaucoma cause blindness? - CORRECT ANSWERS- Pressure on the optic nerve Parkinsons disease is a degenerative disorder of the brain's - CORRECT ANSWERS- Basal Ganglia Which pain theory proposes that a balance of impulses conducted from the spinal cord to the higher centers in the central nervous system (CNS) modulates the transmission of pain. - CORRECT ANSWERS- GCT Pattern theory Where is oxytocin snthesized - CORRECT ANSWERS- Hypothalamus An insufficient dietary intake of which vitamin can lead to rickets in children? - CORRECT ANSWERS- D What term is used to identity the condition that exists when the urethral meatus is located on the undersurface of the penis - CORRECT ANSWERS- Hypospadias The most critical aspect in diagnosing a seizure disorder and establishing its cause is - CORRECT ANSWERS- Health History

Transcription is best defined as a process by which - CORRECT ANSWERS- RNA is synthesized from a DNA template Which person is at the greatest risk for developing delirium - CORRECT ANSWERS- An individual on the second day after hip replacement Which hormone is linked to an increase in appetite during puberty - CORRECT ANSWERS- Leptin Which type of diarrhea results from lactose intolerance? - CORRECT ANSWERS- Osmotic An amniocentesis is recommended for pregnant women who: - CORRECT ANSWERS- Have a family history of genetic disorders Which characteristic is true of type II (white fast-motor) muscle fibers? - CORRECT ANSWERS- Fast conduction velocities The mucosal secretions of the cervix secrete which immunoglobulin: - CORRECT ANSWERS- IgA Dilation of the ipsolateral pupil, following uncal herniation, is the result of pressure on which cranial nerve? - CORRECT ANSWERS- Oculomotor (CNIII) Which of the following is a lipid-soluble hormone - CORRECT ANSWERS- Cortisol What is the first indication of nephrotic syndrome in children? - CORRECT ANSWERS- Periorbital Edema

The BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations increase the risk of which cancer in women? - CORRECT ANSWERS- Ovarian The data reporting that sickle cell disease affects appoximately 1 in 600 American blacks is an example of which concept? - CORRECT ANSWERS- Prevalence When a woman's uterus is assessed as protruding through the entrance of the vagina into the hymen, which grade of prolapse does this indicate? - CORRECT ANSWERS- 2 What is the term that denotes the duration of time or the intensity of pain that a person will endure before outwardly responding? - CORRECT ANSWERS- Tolerance Clinical manifestation that include irregular or heavy bleeding, the passage or large clots, and the depletion of iron stores support which diagnosis? - CORRECT ANSWERS- Dysfunctional uterine bleeding What term describes the loss of comprehension or production of language? - CORRECT ANSWERS- Aphasia The common hay fever allergy is expressed through a reaction that is mediated by which class of immunoglobulins? - CORRECT ANSWERS- IgE What is the treatment of choice for pernicious anemia (PA) - CORRECT ANSWERS- Vitamin B12 by injection Which sexually transmitted infection frequently coexists with gonorrhea? - CORRECT ANSWERS- Chlamydia During an infection, why do lymph nodes enlarge and become tender? - CORRECT ANSWERS- B lymphocytes proliferate

What is the suggested mean blood pressure for an 8-9 year old child? - CORRECT ANSWERS- 106/ Stress-induced sympathetic stimulation of the adrenal medulla causes the secretion of - CORRECT ANSWERS- Epinephrine and norepinephrine What is the function of erythrocytes - CORRECT ANSWERS- Tissue oxygenation Where are kupffer cells located? - CORRECT ANSWERS- Liver Tissue damage cause by the deposition of circulating immune complexes containing an antibody against the host DNA is the cause of which disease? - CORRECT ANSWERS- Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Where are Langerhans cells found - CORRECT ANSWERS- Skin What is the primary cause of the symptoms of polycythemia vera? - CORRECT ANSWERS- Increased Blood viscosity How is the effectiveness of vitamin B12 therapy measured? - CORRECT ANSWERS- Reticulocyte count Which is an example of an endogenous antigen - CORRECT ANSWERS- Cancer Cells Which immunoglobulin is present in blood, saliva, breast milk, and respiratory secretions? - CORRECT ANSWERS- IgA

Which renal change is found in older adults. - CORRECT ANSWERS- Decrease in the number of nephrons What period follows depolarization of the myocardium and represents a period during which no new cardiac potential can be propagated? - CORRECT ANSWERS- Refractory What is the most common predisposing factor to obstructive sleep apnea in children? - CORRECT ANSWERS- Adenotonsillar hypertrophy Kidney stones in the upper part of the ureter would produce pain refered to which anatomical area" - CORRECT ANSWERS- Umbilicus What characteristic do atopic individuals have that make them genetically predisposed to develop allergies? - CORRECT ANSWERS- Greater quantities of IgE Pressure in the left ventricle must exceed pressure in which structure before the left ventricle can eject blood - CORRECT ANSWERS- Aorta How does chest wall compliance in an infant differ from that of an adult? - CORRECT ANSWERS- An adult's chest wall compliance is lower than an infants Oxygenated blood flows through which vessel? - CORRECT ANSWERS- Pulmonary veins What type of immunity is produced when an immunoglobulin crosses the placenta?

  • CORRECT ANSWERS- Passive-acquired immunity The concentration of the final urine is determined by antidiruetic hormone (ADH) which is secreted by which gland? - CORRECT ANSWERS- Posterior pituitary

Exhaustion occurs if stress continues when which stage of the general adaptation syndrome is not successful? - CORRECT ANSWERS- Flight or fight When the maternal immune system becomes sensitized against antigens expressed by the fetus, what reaction occurs? - CORRECT ANSWERS- Alloimmunity What is the basic structural unit in compact bone" - CORRECT ANSWERS- Haversian System What type of fracture usually occurs in an individual who engages in a new activity that is strenuous and repetitive? - CORRECT ANSWERS- Stress Antipsychotic drugs block which neurotransmitter receptor? - CORRECT ANSWERS- Dopamine Which risk factor for hypertension is influenced by genetic factors and lifestyle? - CORRECT ANSWERS- Obesity When insulin binds its receptors on muscle cells, an increase in glucose uptake by the muscle cells is the result. This is an example of what type of effect by a hormone? - CORRECT ANSWERS- Direct Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) is released to stimulate thyroid hormone (TH) an is inhibited when plasma levels of TH are adequate. This is an example of: - CORRECT ANSWERS- Negative Feedback At 2 or 3 weeks of age, an infant who has been well fed and has gained weight begins to vomit for no apparent reason. The vomiting gradually becomes more forceful. These symptoms may be indicative of which disorder? - CORRECT ANSWERS- Pyloric Stenosis

Neurofibrillary tangles characterize which neurologic disorder - CORRECT ANSWERS- Alzheimer Disease What is the target tissue for prolactin-releasing factor? - CORRECT ANSWERS- Anterior pituitary A child with which genetic disorder has a characteristic cry? - CORRECT ANSWERS- Cri du chat Which hormone is involved in the regulation of serum calcium levels - CORRECT ANSWERS- Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) The secretion of andrenocorticotropic-stimulating hormone (ACTH) will result in the increased level of which hormone? - CORRECT ANSWERS- Cortisol The major sleep center is located in which section of the brain/ - CORRECT ANSWERS- Hopthalamus What is the second most commonly recognized genetic cause of mental retardation? - CORRECT ANSWERS- Fragile X Syndrome A person with 47, XXY karyotype has the genetic disorder resulting in which syndrome? - CORRECT ANSWERS- Klinefelter