2024 PSYC 228 Chapter 1 part 3 legit exam questions and answers 100% Athabasca University, Exams of Nursing

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2024 PSYC 228 Chapter 1 part 3 legit exam

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d Pick the quality that has nothing to do with genetics. A) religious tendencies B) political views C) tendency to drink to excess D) All of these are somewhat shaped by genetics.

102. You adopt a child and then meet his biological parents. Generalizing from the text, your child will be more like: A) you. B) his biological parents. C) either you or his biological parents—depending on what you are testing. D) about 50 percent of the time, like you. b
103. Pick the example of the evocative heredity/environment relationship. A) Kerry is crabby when she wakes up, so her husband makes an effort to cheer her up. B) Josh is always smiling, but his mother can't understand what he's so happy about. C) When things don't go Ian's way, he loses his temper. So Ian's co-workers go out of their way to help him calm down. D) Nathan is a very argumentative person, so people are always fighting with him. d
104. Jocasta has liked to draw from a young age. She gravitated to art classes in high school, majored in graphic design in college, and eventually became a successful commercial artist. A developmentalist would explain Jocasta's career path in terms of: A) evocative forces. B) bidirectional forces. C) evolutionary forces. D) active forces. d

105. Pick the example of an evocative heredity/environment relationship with a child genetically prone to be grumpy. A) a child is temperamentally grumpy, so everyone starts yelling at him, and he gets even grumpier B) a mother takes special care to be kind to her grumpy child C) a child is genetically prone to be grumpy, so he always hits kids D) a child shares his biology with his parents, so his parents are grumpy a
106. Pick the evocative heredity environment relationship. A) Jorge is grumpy and unpleasant so people avoid him and he becomes more unhappy and unpleasant over time. B) Jorge is grumpy and unpleasant so people try to cheer him up and he becomes happier over time C) Jorge is grumpy and unpleasant because that behavior was evoked by his genes D) Jorge is grumpy and unpleasant because that behavior was evoked by his unhappy family life. a
107. Pick the example of a bidirectional relationship. A) Jorge is temperamentally grumpy and unpleasant, so people naturally avoid him. B) Jorge is temperamentally grumpy and unpleasant, so people naturally try to cheer him up. C) Jorge is temperamentally grumpy and unpleasant, so people respond to him the same as his sister. D) Jorge is temperamentally grumpy, so he gets angry at the littlest thing. a
108. Pick the active heredity environment relationship. A) Carl loves acting, so he tries out for many plays and becomes a well- known performer as an adult. B) Carl's parents unwillingly push him into trying out for the school play. C) Carl gets rewarded for trying out for the school play by getting the lead part. D) Carl comes from a family of great actors. a
109. Your grandmother was born in 1925. You were born in 1990. If you both took the IQ test at age 7, who would probably get more items correct? A) You would get more items correct.

B) Your grandmother would get more items correct. C) You cannot make any predictions. D) You both would get the same number of items right. After all, you are from the same family. a

110. The bottom line message of the heredity environment discussion is: A) people need the right environment to fully express their inborn talents. B) people can overcome every obstacle if they try. C) people can do anything if given the right environment. D) our life fate lies totally in our genes. a
111. Pick the example that does NOT refer to fostering the right person environment fit. A) A child gifted in music is sent to an arts camp. B) A child who gets overwhelmed by stress is put in a calm situation. C) A child who is very active is given a lot of outdoor playtime. D) A child who is difficult is given strict discipline to help him behave. d
112. What is your book's basic take away message with regard to nature and nurture? A) Even when a trait is highly genetic, it's crucial to provide the best environment, one that helps promote a child's unique strengths and minimize his negative tendencies. B) As genetics is so important, changing the environment doesn't often work. C) It's easy to separate out what is genetic from what is environmental. D) Luckily, children around the world have a good chance of expressing their genetic gifts. a
113. Which action does NOT apply to providing a good person-environment fit? A) A principal builds in regular recess, because she knows kids biologically need to run around. B) Your town provides a good public transportation service, because the town managers know that if older people can't drive they may need to go to a nursing home. C) I try to baby proof the house, so my 2-year-old does not hurt himself. D) I give Ritalin to an ADHD child, because he has trouble sitting still in class.

d

114. What is a main take home message of the book's nature and nurture discussion? A) Our genetic makeup determines how our lives turn out. B) It doesn't really matter what genes we're born with; it's how we're raised that counts. C) Genes determine our physical appearance, but little else. D) We are happiest and most likely to thrive in environments that match our inborn abilities and talents. d
115. Dr. Intelligent believes strongly in psychoanalytic theory. He might make all of the following statements EXCEPT: A) “Our personalities (and mental health) depend on how our parents treated us during early childhood.” B) “Our personalities are dominated by unconscious feelings stemming from childhood.” C) “Self-understanding is the key to a successful life.” D) “ Our behavior is very rational—meaning we use reasoning in making life choices.” d
116. If you visit a psychoanalytic therapist for treatment, you would. A) discuss your childhood for clues to your adult life B) discuss the reinforcers shaping your behavior C) get homework exercises to employ between sessions D) be told to stimulate self-efficacy a
117. A couple comes to your office for therapy. If you are a psychoanalytically oriented psychologist, you would focus on: A) increasing the positive comments the spouses make. B) understanding the unconscious motivations from childhood that are keeping this couple from relating to each other successfully. C) increasing efficacy feelings. D) providing medications. b

118. The goal of psychoanalytic treatment is: A) to foster ego strength. B) to foster self-awareness. C) to understand one's childhood motivations and feelings. D) All of these are goals. d
119. If a psychoanalyst tells you that you have a “strong ego” you should feel: A) complemented as this person is saying you are mentally healthy. B) angry because this person is saying you are a narcissist. C) puzzled because this person hasn't mentioned your id. D) anxious because the superego is most important in development. a
120. Cora has been able to cope very well with some serious life stresses. A psychoanalytic theorist would interpret Cora's behavior as showing: A) high self-efficacy. B) good ego strength. C) positive motivation. D) high self-esteem. b
121. Baby Clara just turned 1. According to Erikson, her life task is , while according to psychoanalytic theory, she is in. A) basic trust; the oral stage B) the oral stage; basic trust C) the anal stage; basic trust D) basic trust; the anal stage a
122. All are basic differences between Erikson's ideas and traditional Freudian psychoanalytic theory EXCEPT: A) Freud believed development ends at age 5, while Erikson believed we develop throughout life. B) Freud believed sexuality is our basic motivation, while Erikson believed our main

mission is becoming an independent self and having caring relationships. C) Freud's stages of development end after early childhood, while Erikson believed we develop into old age. D) Freud believed childhood was crucially important, while Erikson didn't believe childhood was important. d

123. According to psychoanalytic theory, the superego forms during: A) the oral stage. B) the anal stage. C) the Oedipus complex. D) adulthood. c
124. Pick the correct order of Freud's psychosexual stages. A) anal, oral, phallic B) oral, anal, phallic C) phallic, oral, anal D) anal, phallic, oral b
125. Baby Clara just turned 1. According to Freud, Clara is in the: A) oral stage. B) anal stage. C) phallic stage. D) basic trust stage. a
126. Erikson's MAJOR contribution to the field of human development was: A) spelling out the principle that we develop throughout the lifespan. B) showing that children think and reason differently than adults. C) making Freud's work accessible to the public. D) showing that human behavior obeys basic laws of learning. a

127. For Erikson, each life stage is characterized by a particular: A) sociocentric challenge. B) cultural role. C) psychosocial task. D) prosocial quest. c
128. Stage theories assume that: A) we more or less stay the same at each stage of life. B) we gradually get better at each life stage in ways that can be ranked on a scale of 1- 10. C) our behavior cannot be predicted at each stage of life. D) we are qualitatively different “as people” at different stages of life. d
129. Piaget was MOST interested in: A) children's reading capacities as they move through school. B) bonds of affection between mother and infant. C) young children's strange ideas about the world. D) identity development in teens. c
130. Pick the best example of “accommodation” in Piaget's terminology. A) You realize in class that the standard way you classified minority groups masks huge differences in cultures. B) You realize in class that you really know all the material. C) You realize in class that you don't think the same way as your teacher. D) You realize in class that your strongly held political opinions are right. a
131. Pick the best example of “assimilation” in Piaget's terminology. A) You relate what your teacher is saying to your own “knowledge base.” B) You agree with everything your teacher says. C) You take good notes on what your teacher says.

D) You vow to become exactly like your teacher. a

132. Piaget studied cognitive development by: A) observing and questioning children. B) measuring how much children know at different ages. C) comparing children on different abilities. D) analyzing children's relationships with their parents. a
133. According to Bronfenbrenner's theory, our: A) family is the only influence on our lives. B) friends are the only influence on our lives. C) cohort is the only influence on our lives. D) lives are shaped by many different influences—friends, family, school system, culture, and so forth. d
134. Using Bronfenbrenner's theory, pick the influence that most immediately affects a child. A) family relationships B) the school system C) the culture D) the medical system a
135. Pick the statement a developmental systems theorist would make. A) “Human behavior is very complex. If we follow only one theory, we cannot fully understand human beings.” B) “We need to do research in the laboratory, where we can isolate single variables.” C) “Biology and culture are completely separate.” D) “It's important to believe strongly in a single theory.” a

136. According to the developmental systems perspective, it is important to understand the of different forces. A) Interactions B) Universality C) Isolation D) unidirectionality a
137. Which research program BEST illustrates the developmental systems perspective? A) Experts in Erikson's psychosocial theory collaborate on a study of the effects of Hurricane Katrina. B) Two therapists work together on a treatment plan for depressed adolescents. C) A geneticist, a psychologist, and a sociologist collaborate to understand the complex causes of school phobia in children. D) A school district hires Piagetian educators to overhaul its curriculum. c
138. Tikana decides to look at the relationship between college students' height and happiness. She is conducting a: A) correlational study. B) true experiment. C) cross-sectional study. D) longitudinal study. a
139. Dr. Hardy wants to find out whether there is a correlation between physical exercise and mental ability. Pick the most representative sample. A) trainers at gyms around town B) people who log on to a running club Website C) a random group of adults D) people over age 50 who work out regularly c
140. Your psychology professor asks you to help him with his study of aggressive children. Your job is to go to a playground and record the frequency of aggressive acts among a sample of first graders. Your measurement technique is called: A) self-report.

B) expert assessment. C) naturalistic observation. D) experimental manipulation. c

141. If you give parents a questionnaire to determine their childrearing skills, you are using . If you go into parents' homes to observe the their childrearing skills, you are using. A) self-reports; naturalistic observation B) naturalistic observation; self-reports C) ability tests; self-reports D) self-reports; observer reports a
142. The measurement technique in which researchers directly record and observe behavior is called. A) naturalistic observation B) self-reports C) observer evaluations D) ability tests a
143. Your psychology professor wants to measure “parent aggressiveness.” Pick the ideal strategy. A) Visit each home where there is a family for a day and chart how often the parent hits the kids. B) Develop a questionnaire asking parents “How often do you hit your kids?” C) Go down the street and ask two neighbors of each family, “Does the parent hit the kids a lot?” D) None of these techniques is ideal. Each has problems and bias. d
144. Choose the correct name for each measurement technique. (1) watching people directly and coding their behavior (2) giving a questionnaire to a large group A) (1) self-report, (2) naturalistic observation

B) (1) naturalistic observation, (2) self-report C) (1) correlation, (2) experiment D) (1) experiment, (2) correlation b

145. Which researcher is selecting the MOST representative sample? A) Adela, whose study of parenting activities involves giving questionnaires to 10 middle-class moms. B) Barnabas, whose research on the frequency of marital problems polls divorced men C) Charlotte, whose investigation of adolescents' friendships samples students from five high schools of varying sizes D) Dragan, whose study of health beliefs in older adults involves talking to senior citizens in the hospital c
146. If Tikana explores the relationship between college students' height and happiness and finds taller students are happier, she can conclude: A) being tall causes people to be happy. B) not much other than that there is a relationship. There may be many reasons to explain this association. C) being happy causes people to grow taller (because they are less stressed out). D) happiness cannot be measured. b
147. Which research question MUST be tested by a correlational study? A) determining if parents who frequently hit their children have more aggressive children B) determining if reinforcement promotes superior learning C) determining if children with ADHD respond best to a certain medication D) determining if varying the temperature of a room effects personality a
148. Dr. Johnson is studying the effects of alcohol consumption on memory. He randomly assigns people to four groups. Three groups consume varying amounts of alcohol, and one group is given only soft drinks. This research design is called a(n): A) experiment. B) correlational study.

C) longitudinal study. D) naturalistic study. a

149. Samantha wants to know if older people are wiser than younger people. So she gives 20- year-olds, 40-year-olds, and 60-year-olds a “wisdom test.” Samantha is conducting a(n): A) experiment. B) longitudinal study. C) cross-sectional study. D) correlational study. c
150. To find out if older people are wiser than younger people, Samantha gives 20-year- olds, 40-year-olds, and 60-year-olds a “wisdom test. If Samantha finds that on average wisdom scores increase in each older group, what should she conclude? A) As people get older, they get wiser. B) Older age groups (cohorts) are indeed wiser, but we don't know if wisdom actually increases with age. C) Nothing. It's a lousy study. D) Samantha is in for a huge amount of work. b
151. A friend wants to explore age differences in happiness for her Ph.D. thesis. You should probably advise her to conduct a: A) cross-sectional study because it lets us find out which people get happier over time. B) cross-sectional study because it is easier to carry out. C) longitudinal study because she won't have to get subjects back. D) longitudinal study because it is easier to carry out. b
152. Dr. Olson is studying the importance of privacy to people of different ages. In a cross- sectional study, she finds that people in their sixties are more reluctant to reveal personal information than are college students. What is the BEST conclusion? A) As people get older, they care more about privacy. B) Older people have always been less trusting of outsiders.

C) Because they have grown up in the digital age, today's college students are used to revealing personal information. They will probably be just as willing to self- disclose when they reach retirement. D) Yes, today's older people care more about privacy; but unless we conduct a longitudinal study, we can't know whether people value privacy more as they age. d

153. Paul is arguing that we need longitudinal research to really study development. Pick the argument he should NOT make. A) These studies alone reveal data about individual differences in change. B) These studies alone show how people really change over time. C) These studies alone shine a light on how early experiences relate to later behaviors. D) These studies alone show cohort effects. d
154. Peter cautions Paul that longitudinal research has incredible problems. Pick the statement Peter should NOT make. A) You will need a lot of money and patience, as these studies are expensive and take years (or decades) to complete. B) You will need to select a huge sample because people drop out over time. C) You won't be able to show how individual people change over time. D) You will probably end up with data about how “the best people” age and develop, not the average person. c
155. Longitudinal research: A) takes a long time to carry out. B) requires a huge sample as people drop out as the study goes on. C) tends to show how the “best people” develop, not the average person. D) All of these are correct. d
156. Which of the following is NOT a current trend in developmental research? A) using several different measures of each concept B) making cross-cultural comparisons (or conducting studies outside of the United States) C) carrying out qualitative research

D) conducting more experiments d

157. Who is conducting a qualitative study of divorce? A ) Jose interviews 10 people about how their divorce affected them. B) Mary compares children of divorce and those in intact families on a measure of mental health. C) Kayla tracks the impact of divorce on rates of disease. D) Carl looks at the frequency of U.S. divorces today compared to 10 years ago. a