2024 ULTIMATE APEA PREDICTOR EXAM TEST BANK: COMPREHENSIVE PREPARATION VERIFIED QUESTION, Exams of Nursing

Download 2024 ULTIMATE APEA PREDICTOR EXAM TEST BANK: COMPREHENSIVE PREPARATION VERIFIED QUESTION and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! 2024 ULTIMATE APEA PREDICTOR EXAM TEST BANK: COMPREHENSIVE PREPARATION VERIFIED QUESTIONS | ENSURE YOUR SUCCESS ON THE APEA PREDICTION EXAM WITH EXPERT-VERIFIED ANSWERS AND INSIGHTS | GRADED A+ What is the biggest side effect of colchicine? - CORRECT ANSWER -diarrhea How would you describe the appearance of molluscum contagiosum? - CORRECT ANSWER -papules that are umbilicated and contain a caseous plug How do we treat a broken clavicle in an infant? - CORRECT ANSWER -no treatment; it should heal on it's own At what week of pregnancy is the uterus palpable just above the pubic symphysis? - CORRECT ANSWER -week 12 At what week of pregnancy is the fundus palpable halfway between the pubic symphysis and umbilicus? - CORRECT ANSWER -week 16 At what week of pregnancy is the fundus of the uterus at the umbilicus? - CORRECT ANSWER -week 20 At what week of pregnancy is the fundus of the uterus halfway between the xiphoid process and umbilicus? - CORRECT ANSWER -week 28 At what week of pregnancy is the fundus just below the xiphoid process? - CORRECT ANSWER -week 34 Increased sweat production is a sign of what endocrine disorder? - CORRECT ANSWER -hyperthyroidism What is Paget's disease? - CORRECT ANSWER -there is localized increased bone turnover and blood flow resulting in the breakdown of bone and replacing it with weakened and highly vascular bone putting the indiv at increased risk of fractures How do we treat Paget's diseease? - CORRECT ANSWER -bisphosphonates How should pregnant women wear their seatbelt? - CORRECT ANSWER -with the shoulder strap like a normal person and then the groin strap below the belly and across the hips What is another name for fifth disease? - CORRECT ANSWER -parvovirus aka slapped cheek disease aka erythema infectiosum Which type of prevention are vaccinations? - CORRECT ANSWER -primary When should patients begin antiretroviral therapy for HIV infection? - CORRECT ANSWER -as soon as it is detected, even if in the acute phase What are the first generation antihistamines? - CORRECT ANSWER - diphenhydramine (benadryl) and chlorpeniramine (actifed) What are s/s of the secondary stage of syphilis? - CORRECT ANSWER -rash on hands and feet, lymphadenopathy, fever What is the recommended treatment for chronic bacterial prostatitis? - CORRECT ANSWER -a fluoroquinolone (cipro or levo) + bactrim What is the recommended treatment for acute prostatitis? - CORRECT ANSWER - cipro (if not STI related) or ceftriaxone What are s/s of an intraductal breast papilloma? - CORRECT ANSWER -clear to bloody unilateral nipple discharge (bilateral is usually benign), and also a wart like lump palpated in the nipple area If a patient has GABHS but has an allergy to penicillins, what is the second line option? - CORRECT ANSWER -first generation cephalosporins, unless the allergy is severe, then you would consider macrolides like a -mycin PDE5 inhibitors (sildenafil, tadalafil) are contraindicated in which patient populations? - CORRECT ANSWER -in those who are on any type of nitrate or triptan because it could result in hypotension What class of drug is sildenafil (viagra)? - CORRECT ANSWER -a PDE5 inhibitor which can cause hypotension so you should do a full cardiac assessment before starting a patient on this and maybe do an EKG What are the symptoms of peripheral artery disease? - CORRECT ANSWER -think P meaning pain, A meaning absent or weak pulses, eschar or shiny legs, intermittent claudication What is first line treatment for PAD? - CORRECT ANSWER -walking and physical activity to improve circulation. second line is an aspirin or anti-platelet What should we tell our patients with PAD NOT to do? - CORRECT ANSWER -do not elevate the feet; keep them down How do we diagnose PAD? - CORRECT ANSWER -an ABI < 7; doppler can also be used to diagnose as well but is the second choice What are s/s of peripheral vascular disease? - CORRECT ANSWER -think V meaning volume overload aka edema, may ache or be uncomfortable but is not painful, bounding pulses, ruddy discoloration If a patient is on Coumadin but then they may need to go on an antibiotic for an infection and Bactrim is the drug of choice, what should you do? - CORRECT Alpha fetoprotein screening in pregnancy can help determine the presence of what in pregnancy? - CORRECT ANSWER -spina bifida and anencephaly What is placenta previa? - CORRECT ANSWER -when the placenta blocks the cervical opening of the uterus What is placenta abruptio? - CORRECT ANSWER -when the placenta either fully or partially detaches from the uterine wall When does placental abruption most commonly occur? - CORRECT ANSWER -in the third trimester What is the major difference in symptomalogy between placenta abruptio and placenta previa? - CORRECT ANSWER -a placental abruption is painful whereas placenta previa is painless If a pregnant woman comes in with painless vaginal bleeding, what should we be considering? - CORRECT ANSWER -placenta previa What is the recommended treatment for polymyalgia rheumatica? - CORRECT ANSWER -steroids Patients with SLE are going to have what abnormal labwork? - CORRECT ANSWER -elevated ESR and CRP How do we treat lupus flares? - CORRECT ANSWER -steroids What are common sequelae of fibromyalgia? - CORRECT ANSWER -insomnia and depression What is a great treatment option for fibromyalgia? - CORRECT ANSWER - amitriptyline (a TCA) because it helps with chronic pain, sleep, and depression How is fibromyalgia diagnosed? - CORRECT ANSWER -when at least 8 out of 11 points bilaterally are tender to touch and the symptoms have lasted longer than 3 months What is slipped capital femoral epiphysis? - CORRECT ANSWER -when the femoral head of the hip is out of place What is the trendelenburg sign and when is it positive? - CORRECT ANSWER - when the patient is standing straight and the pelvis on the unaffected side drops; this is a sign of a slipped capital femoral epiphysis What is the main characteristic of a slipped capital femoral epiphysis? - CORRECT ANSWER -walking with a limp SCFE is most common in which patient population? - CORRECT ANSWER - adolescents What is legg-calve-perthe disease? - CORRECT ANSWER -avascular necrosis of the femoral head due to a lack of blood supply Legg-calve-perthes disease is most common in which patient population? - CORRECT ANSWER -young children What is the radiographic study of choice for the knee? - CORRECT ANSWER -MRI What is the radiographic study of choice for the back? - CORRECT ANSWER -x ray What is bursitis? - CORRECT ANSWER -a fluid collection in the bursa of a joint How is bursitis treated? - CORRECT ANSWER -a needle to instill intraarticular steroids and then pull off fluid Bursitis can be a __________ issue - CORRECT ANSWER -recurrent The medical term for knock knees - CORRECT ANSWER -genu valgum The medical term for bow legs - CORRECT ANSWER -genu varum What is myasthenia gravis? - CORRECT ANSWER -an autoimmune disorder that causes muscle weakness of the voluntary muscles Genu valgum is caused by a problem with what? - CORRECT ANSWER -the medial collateral ligament; think valgum as in gum makes your knees stick together Genu varum is caused by a problem with what? - CORRECT ANSWER -the lateral collateral ligament What are shin splints? - CORRECT ANSWER -a medial tibial syndrome caused by overuse of the muscles How do we treat shin splints? - CORRECT ANSWER -rest and avoidance of exercise until the pain resolves What is the tell-tale difference between a herniated disc and sciatica? - CORRECT ANSWER -sciatica feels better when you stand, a herniated disc feels better when you sit down When will spinal or lumbar stenosis feel better? - CORRECT ANSWER -when the patient sits down What is Korsakoff syndrome? - CORRECT ANSWER -a deficiency in thiamine and folate caused by alcoholism What changes to the vagina occur with aging? - CORRECT ANSWER -dryness, loss of rugae, less pubic hair What is a navicular fracture? - CORRECT ANSWER -also known as a scaphoid fracture; this impacts the snuff box and causes tenderness there. This will have to be casted to stabilize the fracture Heberden and bouchard's nodes are indicative of what disease process? What about swan neck deformities? - CORRECT ANSWER -osteoarthritis; rheumatoid arthritis What is Morton's neuroma? - CORRECT ANSWER -a mass between the 3rd and 4th toes that feels like a pebble; most common in women who wear high heels or tight shoes How is Morton's neuroma diagnosed? - CORRECT ANSWER -via a positive Muddler's or squeeze test causing pain What is the hook test? - CORRECT ANSWER -used to assess for a bicep tendon issue How do we treat any rotator cuff injuries? - CORRECT ANSWER -wear a sling to stabilize the arm and refer to ortho How long do migraine headaches last? - CORRECT ANSWER -4-72 hours How can we abort cluster headaches? - CORRECT ANSWER -calcium or 100% oxygen application Which type of headaches come with lacrimation and sinus symptoms? - CORRECT ANSWER -cluster headaches What does the apprehension test assess for? - CORRECT ANSWER -used to assess for stability of the shoulder or knee; assesses for stability How does the parathyroid gland regulate calcium? - CORRECT ANSWER -when parathyroid hormone is released, it pulls calcium out of the blood and into the circulation in response to hypocalcemia. it also increases absorption of calcium from the intestine What is the first line treatment for trigeminal neuralgia? - CORRECT ANSWER - carbamazepine (tegretol) or amitriptyline. also want to do gabapentin or something for nerve pain What is the recommended treatment for Bell's palsy? - CORRECT ANSWER - steroids and anti-virals How is the pain of trigeminal neuralgia vs temporal arteritis different? - CORRECT ANSWER -in trigeminal neuralgia, the pain is like a shock hitting the side of your face whereas temporal arteritis is more like a headache What are the preventative treatment options for migraines? - CORRECT ANSWER - beta blockers, amitriptyline, venlafaxine, topamax, valproate