Docsity
Docsity

Prepare for your exams
Prepare for your exams

Study with the several resources on Docsity


Earn points to download
Earn points to download

Earn points by helping other students or get them with a premium plan


Guidelines and tips
Guidelines and tips

21st Century Literature, Study notes of History

All lecture notes for a whole semester.

Typology: Study notes

2018/2019

Uploaded on 09/23/2021

kadyy
kadyy 🇵🇭

4

(3)

6 documents

Partial preview of the text

Download 21st Century Literature and more Study notes History in PDF only on Docsity!

Philippine Literature during the American Period Themes of Literature

  1. Desire for Freedom
  2. Love for Country
  3. Fight Against Colonialism and Imperialism Characteristics of Literature
  4. Nationalism
  5. Freedom of Speech
  6. Experience
  7. Search and Use of a new medium Mediums Used
  8. Spanish
  9. Tagalog
  10. English American Influences
  11. Schools
  12. New Education System
  13. Cleanliness and Hygiene
  14. English Language
  15. Politics
  16. Freedom of Speech Newspapers
  17. El Grito Del Pueblo (Ang Kapatid ng Bayan)
  • Pro labor and radical nationalist newspaper advocates independence under the protection of the United States.
  • Founded by Pascual Pobelete (1899) with Tagalog version “Ang Kapatid ng Bayan”
  1. El Nuevo Dia (The New Day)
  • Founded by Sergio Osmeña (1900)
  • A Cebuano Newspaper
  • Lasted for 3 years.
  1. El Renacimiento (The Renaissance)
  • Editor: Rafael Palma
  • Most influential newspaper in Manila during the Spanish coloñal period.
  1. Manila Daily Bulletin
  • Philippines’ largest broadsheet newspaper by circulation.
  • Currently known as “The Manila Bulletin”
  • Founded in 1990 as a shipping journal Three Timeframes of Philippine Literature during the American Colonization
  1. Period of Re-Orientation (1898-1910)
  2. Period of Imitation (1910-1925)
  3. Period of Self-Discovery (1925-1941)
  4. Period of Re-Orientation
  • English as a literary vehicle came with the American occupation in August 18, 1898.
  • By 1900, English used as medium of instruction in public schools.
  • American Forces were recruited the 1st teachers of English.
  • Thomasites – 1st English teachers (USS Thomas) Composed of 346M, 180W, 43 states, and 193 Educational Institutions
  • August 21, 1901 – Establish New Public high School System
  • UP, the forerunner in the use of English in Higher Education.
  • UST, forerunner in the use of Spanish

Spanish Writers

  1. Cecilio Apostol
  2. Fernando Ma. Guerrero
  3. Jesus Balmori
  4. Manuel Bernabe
  5. Claro M. Recto
  6. Cecilio Apostol
  • Pen name: Catulo
  • “A Rizal” (Masterpiece)
  • Poems were used to teach Spanish Language (RA1881)
  • Worked as a journalist for the Revolutionary newspapers: Independence, The Brotherhood, The Union, Renaissance, and Democracy.
  • Wrote in English and Spanish, and composed poems that demonstrated his mastery of Spanish.
  • Al Heroe Nacional (To the National Hero) is a poem dedicated to Rizal.
  • Pentélicas, he described landscapes evoking a vivid image.
  1. Fernando Maria Guererro
  • Crisálidas
  • Prince of Filipino Lyric Poetry in Spanish
  • Favorite Theme: Eternal Sadness of Things
  1. Jesus Balmori
  • Mi Casa de Nipa, Mi Choza de Nipa
  • Pen-name: Batikuling
  • Poet Laureate in Spanish
  • Premio Zóbel for his contributions to Philippine literature.
  1. Manuel Bernabe
  • King of Balagtasan in Spanish
  • Translated Rubaiyat by Omar Khayyam in Spanish.
  1. Claro M. Recto
  • Bajo Los Cocoteros – Under the Coconut Tree (1911)
  • Father of Philippine Constitutions
  1. Mena Pecson Crisologo
  • Notario Eclesiastico of Nuera Segovia Diocese
  • “Neneng”
  • Educated at Escuela Catolica De Nuestra Señora De Guia and at the Centro Escolar de Señoritas.
  • Married to Antonio Zacarias, also a poet, who became a secretary of the Philippine Senate.
  • Life time achievement awardee in 2005 for her outstanding achievement in history.
  • Icon of Philippine Literature and Journalism.
  1. Adelina Gurrea
  • First woman poet in the Philippines
  • Obtained Novel Prize in poem “El Nido”
  1. Isidro Marfori
  • “Aromas de Ensueño: Poesias”.
  1. Macario Adriatico
  • Legend of Mindoro – La Punta de Salto
  1. Epifanio de los Santos
  • Pen name: Don Panyong
  • 1st Filipino Academician
  • 1st Filipino to become a member of the Spanish royal academy of language, of literature, and of history in Madrid Tagalog Writers Groups of Tagalog Writers
  1. Poet of the Heart (Makata ng Puso)
  2. Poets of Life (Makata ng Buhay)
  3. Poets of the Stage (Makata ng Tanghalan) *Julian Cruz Balmaceda classified the 3 kinds of poets Makata ng Puso
  4. Lope K. Santos
  5. Iñigo Ed. Regalado
  6. Carlos Gatmaitan
  1. Aurelio Tolentino
  2. Patricio Mariano
  3. Severino Reyes
  4. Tomas Remigio Lope K. Santos
  • Banaag at Sikat
  • Father of Filipino Grammar
  • “Apo” of the tagalog writers
  • Ama ng Balarilang Filipino Amado V. Hernandez
  • “Luha ng Buwaya”
  • “Ang Panday”
  • 1st king of Balagtasan
  • A pillar in the tagalog literature Jose Corazon de Jesus
  • Pen name: Huseng Batute
  • “Ang Isang Punong Kahoy”
  • Legendary Lyric Poet
  • King of Balagtasan
  • A Filipino poet who used tagalog poetry to express Filipino desire for independence
  • “Love” a breathtaking tagalog poem about love.
  • “Virgins hand (1929)” is beautiful, touching tagalog poem about how his love for a woman changed him for the better. Aurelio Tolentino
  • Kahapon, Ngayon, at Bukas
  • Coined the word “Dula”
  • Father of Modern Cebuano literature
  • Born in Tuyon Carcar Spend most of his life writing almost 80 short stories which were published in Cebuano magazines: Bisaya, Alimyon, and Bulak
  • First Short Story: Tungod sa kayagang (1931)
  • Editor of the 2 most popular Cebuano magazine: Bisaya and Bagong-Suga
  • Stopped Writing after last work: Si Zosimo (1955)

Valeriano Hernandez Peña

  • Pen name: Tandang Anong
  • Nena at Neneng Faustino S. Aguilar
  • A Filipino author whose works were on the side of social realism.
  • Known during the American colonization period in the Philippines as a Journalist and editor of Taliba.
  • Pinaglahuan (Author)
  • Most of his novels talked about violence and injustice in the society during his time.
  • “Pinaglahuan” is a tagalog-language novel.
  • Novel was published by Manila Filateco in Manila, Philippines In 1907 Magdalena Gonzaga Jalandoni
  • Filipino Feminist Writer
  • Remembered as one of the most prolific Filipino writers in Hiligaynon Language
  • “Anabella” Gardeopatra Quijano
  • Well known feminist writer born in Alcantara, Cebu (27 April 2018)
  • “Kon” (If)
  • Wrote over 50 stories before and after the war, published in various Cebuano publications.

English Short Story/Informal Essay Writers

  1. Ignacio Manlapaz
  2. Federico Mangahas
  3. Francisco B. Icasiano
  4. Godfredo Rivera
  5. Salvador P. Lopez
  6. Jose Lansang
  7. Amando G. Dayrit Francisco Benitez
  • First Editor of Philippine Journal of Education
  • Became Dean of UP College of Education Paz Marquez Benitez
  • 1st Filipino Modern English Language Short Stoy writer
  • One of the Founders of the Philippine Womens College
  • Dead Stars (1925) – stand out as a model of perfection in Character de Lineation, local color, plot, and message. Zoilo Galang
  • A Child of Sorrow – First Filipino Novel Written in English.
  • Nadia (1929)
  • Encyopedia of the Philippines (1957)
  • Filipino Encyopedist
  • 1st English Language Filipino Novelist Jose Garcia Villa
  • Pen Name – Doveglion
  • “Comma Poet”
  • Masterpiece – Footnote of Youth
  • “May Day Eve”
  • “The Woman who had two navels”
  • “A portrait of the artist as a Filipino”
  • “Summer Solstice” N.V.M Gonzales Nestor Vicente Madali Gonzalez
  • Planca Memorial Awardee of Literature
  • National Artist Award for Literature
  • Centennial Award for Literature
  • “Winds of April”
  • “A Season of Grace”
  • “The Bamboo Dancers”
  • “The Land and the Rain”
  • “The Happiest Boy in the World”
  • “Children of the Ash-Covered Loam” Japanese Literature Japanese stopped most English newspapers
  • Tribune
  • Philippine Review
  • Pillar
  • Free Philippines
  • Filipina Victoria Abelardo
  • Has described Filipino writing during the Japanese occupation as being pessimistic and bitter. Nicanor Sta. Ana