35 Questions of History of Western Civilization - Quiz 3 | HIST 100, Quizzes of Cultural History of Europe

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Western Civilization Professor Orens REVIEW QUESTIONS ABOUT THE AGE OF REASON, THE AGE OF REVOLUTION, INDUSTRIALISM, LIBERALISM, NATIONALISM, AND SOCIALISM

1. What was the principal difference between René Descartes' method for finding the truth and Francis Bacon's?
2. What did Sir Isaac Newton’s theories seem to reveal the universe to be to his contemporaries?
3. What did John Locke believe about the human mind?
4. Why were most of the philosophes hostile to revealed religion and to the Catholic Church?
5. What religious philosophy did most of the philosophes embrace?
6. In The Philosophical Dictionary , what did Voltaire say about how Jews and Christians had often behaved?
7. What were the political goals of the philosophes?
8. How did Jean-Jacques Rousseau try to harmonize individual liberty with the authority of the state?
9. In What Is Enlightenment? , what did Immanuel Kant say is the greatest obstacle to enlightenment?
10. Why did Louis XVI call the Estates General into session in 1789?
11. What happened at the Bastille on 14 July 1789 and why?
12. What form of government did the National Constituent Assembly establish?
13. According to the Declaration of the Rights of Man, what are the most important human rights and what is the source of political sovereignty?
14. What did Olympe de Gouges say about the rights and concerns of unmarried mothers?
15. What did the Civil Constitution of the Clergy do?
16. How did the National Convention change the French government?
17. Why did the Jacobins unleash the Reign of Terror?
18. How did Edmund Burke criticize the philosophes ’ theories about natural rights and the social contract?
19. What title did Napoleon Bonaparte assume in 1804?
20. Which ideals of the French Revolution did Napoleon Bonaparte betray? To which was he faithful? What educational policies did he pursue?
21. In what ways was Europe ready to sustain an industrial economy by the end of the eighteenth century?
22. Which social class profited most from the Industrial Revolution?
23. What were conditions like for workers in the new industrial factories and cities?
24. What were the political goals of nineteenth-century liberalism?
25. According to John Stuart Mill, when could the state interfere with individual freedom What did he believe was the greatest threat to the “inward domain of consciousness”?
26. Why did the ideals of nationalism threaten the political order of nineteenth-century Europe?

27. What were the duties Giuseppe Mazzini believed that people owed to their country and to humanity?
28. What is the title and the significance of Eugène Delacroix’s nationalist painting of 1830?
29. In his speech to his parliament in 1861, how did Otto von Bismarck say that the great questions of the day would be settled?
30. Which German state did not join the German Empire in 1871?
31. According to Heinrich von Treitschke, what value did small states possess?
32. How did William Wordsworth's' view of nature and that of other romantics differ from that of the Enlightenment?
33. According to the romantics, how were the deepest truths about life to be found?
34. In The Communist Manifesto , what criticism did Karl Marx offer of the bourgeois understanding of freedom?
35. What did Marx believe is the central theme of history?