3A(questions well answered) A+ passed, Exams of Nursing

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3A

Weed - correct answer Any plant growing where it is not wanted Weeds compete with turf for - correct answer Growing Space, Water, Nutrients, Sunlight is required by both lawns and ______ Shade weeds: - correct answer Ground Ivy and common chickweed grow well in what conditions? Weeds that grow well in compacted soil: - correct answer Knotweed and annual bluegrass grow well in what type of conditions? Weeds that grow well in wet areas are? - correct answer nutsedge, white clover, annual bluegrass grow well in what conditions What weeds grow well in heavy wear? - correct answer yarrow, spurge, knotweed grow well in what conditions? weeds are the result of what? - correct answer poor turfgrass performance causes what? monocot - correct answer this weed biology is composed of narrow leafed parallel leaf veins growing points at or below soil level only heraceous monocots found in MI dicot - correct answer this weed biology is composed of broadleafs Veins radiate out from the main vein woody and herbaceous growing points located above and below ground

Example of Monocot Grasses - correct answer Annual Crabgrass and Perrennial tall fescue have what weed biology? Example of Monocot Sedge - correct answer Nutsedge Example of Monocot Lily - correct answer Wild Garlic The Four family of Dicot's are - correct answer Composite Mustard Carrot Morning Glory What is an example of a composite dicot? - correct answer Dandelion is what weed biology What is an example of a mustard dicot? - correct answer Shepherdspurse is what weed biology What is an example of a carrot dicot? - correct answer Wild carrot is what weed biology What is an example of a Morning Glory dicot? - correct answer field bindweed is what weed biology What is the characteristic of the plant development state seedling? - correct answer This plant development stage is tender and vulnerable to stresses What is the characteristic of the plant development state vegetative? - correct answer This plant development stage has great uptake of water and nutrients What is the characteristic of the plant development state seed production? - correct answer This plant development stage slow uptake of water and nutrients directed to flower, fruit and seed production

What is the characteristic of the plant development state maturity? - correct answer This plant development stage has little uptake of water and nutrients and low energy production seedlings are susceptible to what control methods - correct answer Cultural methods of control work best on what development stage? Vegetative development stage are susceptible to what control methods - correct answer rapid herbicide uptake work best on what development stage? Cool-season plants grow best when? - correct answer These type of plants grow best during cool periods of spring and fall and comprise mostly of winter annuals, some perennials Warm-season plants grow best when? - correct answer These types of plants remain dormant or do not germinate until may or june, these include summer annuals; some perennials What is the best way to manage turf weeds? - correct answer Maintain vigorous turf stands prevent seed production prevent seed germination eliminate weed seedlings target susceptible stages these are designed to do what? What are the herbicide Characteristics - correct answer Contact Systemic Persistent Non Persistent Selective Non Selective Pre emergent Post emergent

Are characteristics of what? What are the herbicide action and weed characteristics - correct answer Growing points Leaf shape Wax and cuticle Leaf hairs Deactivation Life cycle stage these are components of what? Rains may do what to herbicide? - correct answer How would leaching occur? Light rain may do what to herbicides? - correct answer Activation of herbicide may happen if? Volatility of herbicides may increase when? - correct answer Sunlight and heat may increase herbicide ________? Insects cause damage by eating which parts of the plant? - correct answer These cause damage by eating roots, stems, leaves, and sap Vertebrates cause damage by eating which parts of the plant? - correct answer These cause damage by tearing up grasses and damaging roots This is the first step in managing turfgrass insects - correct answer Accurate identification of insects is the first step to what? What are examples of root feeding insects? - correct answer Grubs: Japanese beetle European chafer June beetle

Black turfgrass ataenius Aphodius granarius These are examples of what? Japanese beetle larvae can be identified by - correct answer Identify the pest: -Damage: Feed on roots in May and early June and again in Sept. and October Moisture stress causes damaged turf to turn brown. Appearance: White C-shaped grubs to 1." Threshold: 20-30/sq. ft. on irrigated turf. Japanese Beetle-Adult beetle larvae can be identified by - correct answer Adults emerge in July - early August. Dark metallic green beetle, half inch long. Adults feed on wide range of ornamentals. Eggs deposited in turf July - August. Japanese Beetle - correct answer Larvae mature to 1/2 to 1 in. late Sept. Damaged turf may die from root pruning. Grubs move deeper into soil to overwinter. Larvae pupate to beetles following June. Skunks and raccoons may rip up turf looking for larvae. Irrigated turf has a tremendous ability to recover. Monitor populations. Insecticides should be watered-in to reach the larvae. Control is highly variable. 50 to 80% control

Check 3 weeks after treatment Beetle traps do not provide control. Biological insecticides. Variable results Check for latest efficacy information and new products June Beetle Information - correct answer Control is highly variable. 50 to 80% control Check 3 weeks after treatment Beetle traps do not provide control. Biological insecticides. Variable results Check for latest efficacy information and new products Black Turfgrass Ataenius - correct answer Damage: Larvae feed on roots in July - Aug. Damage uncommon on home lawns Appearance: Small, .25 in., black beetles White grub up to 3/8 in. Threshold: 60 to over 100/ sq. ft. of turf Ataenius Information - correct answer Damage: Larvae feed on roots in July - Aug. Damage uncommon on home lawns Appearance: Small, .25 in., black beetles White grub up to 3/8 in.

Threshold: 60 to over 100/ sq. ft. of turf Damage: Larvae feed on roots in July - Aug. Damage uncommon on home lawns Appearance: Small, .25 in., black beetles White grub up to 3/8 in. Threshold: 60 to over 100/ sq. ft. of turf Hairy Chinch Bug - correct answer Damage: Large populations can cause damage that looks similar to drought injury Appearance: Adults are black, 3/16 in. long, white wing markings Threshold: 20 bugs in 2 minutes of monitoring or 15 per flooded coffee can Chinch Bug - correct answer 2 generations per year, except north of Lansing. Adults overwinter in protected areas. Chinch bug larvae and adults suck plant sap. Saliva contains a toxic substance to plants. Chinch Bug Information - correct answer During cool, wet weather many bugs are killed by a fungal disease. Bugs are wide spread, but rarely abundant enough to cause damage. Bugs are seldom a problem in a well irrigated turfgrass area. Bluegrass Billbug - correct answer Damage:

Grubs destroy grass crowns causing brown patches of turf in late July. Appearance: White, legless grubs, 1/4 in. long. Threshold: If less than 1/3 of lawn is damaged, it will recover with proper care. Bluegrass Billbug - correct answer Billbugs overwinter as adults. Eggs laid on grass stems in May/early June. Larvae tunnel down stem and through crown, often cutting off root system. One generation per year. Bluegrass Billbug - correct answer Kentucky bluegrass primary host. Damage evident in late July. Small circular and irregular dead areas Stems hollow, grass plants pull out easily Sawdust-like frass in root zone Can be confused with disease injury Well maintained lawns seldom damaged. Black Cutworm - correct answer Damage: 1/4 in. diameter holes in tees and greens with closely clipped grass. Appearance: Dark brown caterpillars, 1/4 to 2 in. long. Threshold: Depends on use of turf. Cutworm Information - correct answer Adults are dull colored moths. Larvae most common during July and August. Clipped grass, green fecal pellets are characteristic of activity.

Cutworm Information - correct answer Primarily a problem on golf course greens. Disclosing solutions can be used to detect cutworms. Home lawns and fairways are tolerant of feeding and rarely need treatment. Sod Webworm - correct answer Damage: Small brown patches where blades have been clipped at the base. Patches may grow together. Appearance: Ivory white caterpillars with black spots, up to 1 in. long. Threshold: Depends on use of turf. Sod Webworm - correct answer Larvae overwinter and resume feeding in the spring. 2 generations per year. Dirty white moths may be observed flying across turf at dusk. Mowing may "kick up" adults. Sod Webworm - correct answer Bluegrass and bentgrass favored. Most damage from 2nd generation caterpillars. Suspect webworms: Brown patches with grass blades missing. Piles of green fecal pellets. Caterpillars living in silk lined tubes. Sod Webworm - correct answer Use a disclosing solution to monitor suspected infestation. If more than 4-6 larvae are found per 4 sq. ft., treatment may be advisable. Webworms have many natural enemies. Predators and parasites may be suppressed by pesticide use.

Ants - correct answer Damage: Small soil mounds that may be undesirable. Appearance: Species vary... black, brown, red ants, 1/4 to 1/16 in. long. Threshold: Depends on tolerance of management, clientele. Ant Information - correct answer Ants are beneficial. Feed on insect eggs and larvae. Ants do not injury turfgrass, but disturb surface uniformity. More activity in sandy soils. Primarily a golf green problem. Vigorous, dense turf - correct answer can tolerate insect damage by producing new growth. The best approach to insect control is to:

• • correct answer Grow healthy turf.
• Limit pesticide applications is the best approach for what? an insecticide may be used when? - correct answer If damage is unacceptable and non- chemical methods are not effective, an insecticide may be used. Proper Insecticide Use - correct answer Proper Insecticide Use - correct answer Vertebrate Pests - correct answer

The blackbird family - correct answer this family will puncture the turf with their beaks or rake the turf with their feet to expose prey. Skunks, Racoons and Opossums damage turf how? - correct answer Moles cause damage by - correct answer Vertebrate Management - correct answer Remember this when managing vertebrates - correct answer Vertebrates help with pest control.

• People like to see wildlife.
• Do not injure non-target organisms.