Overview of Electromagnetic, Strong & Weak Interactions: Fundamental Forces & Particles, Summaries of Physics

Download Overview of Electromagnetic, Strong & Weak Interactions: Fundamental Forces & Particles and more Summaries Physics in PDF only on Docsity! 4 Fundamental Forces Force Relative Strength Range Strong 1 1 fm Electromagnetic 10–2 Infinite (1/r2) Weak 10–6 10–3 fm Gravitational 10–43 Infinite (1/r2) 14.1 Particle Particle symbol Antiparticle symbol Rest energy (MeV) Lifetime (s) Baryons Heavy particles Proton p p 938.3 Stable Neutron n n 939.6 900 Lambda L0 L0 1116 2.6 x 10–10 Sigma S+ S– 1189 0.8 x 10–10 S0 S0 1192 6 x 10–20 S– S+ 1197 1.6 x 10–10 Omega W– W+ 1672 0.8 x 10–10 Hadrons (Heavy particles) 14.2 u d Q=+1, and it’s called a p+ M~140 [MeV/c2] Lifetime~2.6x10-8 [s] Gluons communicate force between quarks Mesons= quark / anti-quark “bound” together. communicates force between p+ and n 7 7 3 3 X Li 14.5 Quarks and leptons = most fundamental particles Up & down quarks and electrons make up ordinary matter. other quarks and leptons-produced in cosmic ray showers or high energy accelerators. (or early universe) EM force strong force weak force Lots neutrinos in Univ. 14.6 14.7 0.20 — — best fit 0.15— > WN error band 2 0.10- Y cs & 0.05 x | eo -0.05 I T T | 0 05 1.0 15 2.0 25 radius (fermis}