Download 509 exam 1 questions well answered and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! 509 exam 1 Nr 509 2024/2025 nr 509 Nr 509 Dependent intervention - correct answer ✔✔prescribed by the provider, but implemented by the nurse (prescriptions for tests, medications, IV therapy, diet etc) Independent intervention: - correct answer ✔✔RNs are accountable for & are licensed to prescribe, perform, or delegate based on their knowledge and skills (usually in response to nursing diagnosis) Collaborative intervention - correct answer ✔✔implemented in collaboration with other healthcare team members (physical therapist, nutritionists etc) Describe the components of the nursing process - correct answer ✔✔ADPIE: Assessment: Inspect, Auscultate, Palpate, Percuss (we're not doing this one) Diagnosis: nursing not a medical diagnosis Plan: goals & SMART outcome Implementation: interventions Evaluation: did interventions work, how to improve Apply the components of the nursing process in formulating patient-specific care plans using NANDA format. - correct answer ✔✔Problem focused: (Problem focused diagnosis) r/t (related factors) AEB (defining characteristics) Risk: Risk for ____. Risk factors: ____. Health Promotion: Defining characteristics are evidence of desire. Example: Readiness for enhanced self- care AEB expressed desire to enhance self-care. Discuss the importance of implementing and evaluating evidence-based interventions in nursing care - correct answer ✔✔Ideally, a nurse should choose an intervention because of firm evidence that it is the best possible approach for the patient. You would expect such interventions to be those that come from a sound body of scientific research. Identify the six links of the chain of infection - correct answer ✔✔Agent: germs (virus, bacteria, parasite etc) Infant/toddler safety risk - correct answer ✔✔Choking (highest incidence 6 months - 3 years old) Falling Drowning Sudden infant death Accidental injury Ingesting poisons Preschool safety risk - correct answer ✔✔Less prone to falls Choking (highest incidence 6 months - 3 years old) Drowning Sudden infant death Accidental injury Ingesting poisonsAccidental deaths Nonfatal injuries School aged children safety risk - correct answer ✔✔Outside injuries Sport injuries Broken bones Higher risk of abduction Adolescent safety risk - correct answer ✔✔Accidental death--motor vehicle accidents, risk increases from drugs, alcohol Accidental injuries--sports and recreational injuries, including diving, drowning (risk also increases with drugs and alcohol) Adult safety risk - correct answer ✔✔Workplace injury Accidental death--unintentional poisoning (causes more deaths than motor vehicle accidents) Accidental injuries--musculoskeletal injuries (weekend athlete) Older adult safety risk - correct answer ✔✔falls Car accidents Individual risk factors - correct answer ✔✔Lifestyle, cognitive awareness, sensory and perceptual status, impaired communication, impaired mobility, physical and emotional wellbeing, safety awareness Home safety hazards - correct answer ✔✔Poisoning Carbon monoxide exposure Scalds and Burns Fires Firearm injuries Falls Suffocating/Asphyxiation Take-home Toxins (workplace to home) Community safety hazards - correct answer ✔✔Motor vehicle accidents Food-borne pathogens Vector-borne pathogens Mosquitos Other insects Animals Water-borne pathogens Pollution Water contamination Noise Soil (improper waste disposal and excessive pesticide contaminated soil) Weather Hazards Healthcare agency safety hazard - correct answer ✔✔Healthcare culture: disrespectful behavior that discourages staff to speak up about risk and errors, and blatant disregard of expressed concern Quality nursing care: Higher patient death rates associated with fewer nurses to provide care; also less nursing time provided to patients is associated with higher rates of infection, GI bleeding, pneumonia, cardiac arrest and death from these and other causes) Back injuries Needle stick injuries Violence Radiation Falls Alarm Fatigue Equipment Fires/electrical hazards Restraints How to prevent falls in HC agency - correct answer ✔✔Slip-resistant slippers, warning sticker on chart or door, bed alarm, 1:1, education (teach pt to get up slowly and fall prevention strategies to pt and family), LOS, review medications, avoid excessive alcohol, review environment for safety, provide gait training, place call light within reach, provide nightlight, keep disoriented patients room near nursing station, Benefits of exercise - correct answer ✔✔Produces long term health benefits, including lowering risk for early death, heart disease, type 2 diabetes, hypertension hyperlipidemia, metabolic syndrome, colon and breast cancers, and depression. Risks of Exercise - correct answer ✔✔Cardiac injury Musculoskeletal injury Dehydration Temperature regulation problems (Hyperthermia, heat exhaustion, Hypothermia) body alignment - correct answer ✔✔Spine in neutral (resting) position. Good posture contributes to normal functioning of the nervous system (sit up, I see you slouching!) and improves feelings of well-being. -extended families -dual-earner -sandwich families -single-parent Discuss ways in which economic factors and acute or chronic illness affect nursing care of families - correct answer ✔✔healthcare is expensive -instruct families on importance of vaccines -chronic illness/disability is a big strain financially & emotionally List the four essential concepts of nursing theory - correct answer ✔✔Person/client- individual preferences to care Health- nurses care deeply about the health status of their patients Nursing (caring)- maintain lvls of caring/compassion in relation to other concepts Environment- create a caring environment Describe types of nursing theories and contributions of non-nursing theories - correct answer ✔✔Grand: broad & abstract Mid-range: more narrow & specific Clinical Practice Theories: guide daily tasks & are limited in scope Non-nursing theories: Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, Erikson's Psychosocial Development Florence Nightingale - correct answer ✔✔focus on environment, cleanliness, & nutrition that allow nurse to give higher Jean Watson - correct answer ✔✔Human Caring Theory (grand) Hildegard Peplau - correct answer ✔✔Theory of Interpersonal Relations Madeleine Leininger - correct answer ✔✔theory of caring to help nurses provide cultural competent care Katharine Kolcaba - correct answer ✔✔Theory of Comfort, more holistic view of patient & nursing care than earlier biomedical theories about pain Patricia Benner - correct answer ✔✔From Novice to Expert Describe nursing considerations for care of belongings and aspects of personal hygiene including skin, hair, nails, and oral care. - correct answer ✔✔Belongings: document and store where it is not a trip hazard Skin: bathing, massage, moisturize Hair: Brush hair to remove tangles, massage scalp, stimulate circulation, and distribute oil down the hair shaft. Shampoo hair and groom according to their preferences. Wash beards daily, comb and trim as needed. Nails: inspect for shape, contour, and cleanliness Primary wound - correct answer ✔✔wound involves minimal or no tissue loss & has well-approximated edges, little expected scarring Secondary wound - correct answer ✔✔wound involves extensive tissue loss which prevents edges from approximating (coming together), or should not be closed (infection) -heals from inner to surface w/ granulation tissue -heal more slowly -prone to infection -develop more scar tissue Review the order of steps taken in the completion of a bed bath. - correct answer ✔✔Eyes, face, arms, chest, abdomen, legs, feet, back, buttocks, perineum Complications associated with poor oral hygiene are: - correct answer ✔✔Periodontal disease (pyorrhea) Gingivitis Halitosis Stomatitis (inflammation of oral mucosa) Glossitis (Inflammation of tongue) Cheilosis (cracking/ulceration of lips) Oral Malignancies Hospital acquired pneumonia (HAP) Normal ranges for PO2, SaO2, PCO2 - correct answer ✔✔PO2: 80-100 mm Hg SaO2: 95%-100% PCO2: 35-45 mm Hg Evaluate adequacy of oxygenation, breathing, and gas exchange, and modify nursing activities appropriately based on outcomes - correct answer ✔✔Medications to improve respiratory function Mechanical ventilator: Acute or chronic respiratory failure Chest tube drainage: to make room for lungs to fully expand (Pneumothorax, hemothorax) Incentive Spirometry: usually reserved for pt at risk for developing atelectasis or pneumonia Mobilizing secretions: respiratory conditions, UTI influenza, pneumonia Deep breathing and cough: promotes gas exchange Oropharyngeal airway: C shaped hard plastic, open airway by holding tongue away from back of pharynx Nasopharyngeal airway: flexible rubber tube, semiconscious patients can tolerate; open airway by holding tongue away from back of pharynx Describe measures taken to mobilize secretions and promote optimal respiratory function and oxygenation - correct answer ✔✔Deep Breathing and coughing Hydration Chest physiotherapy Oxygen therapy: