621 Exam #1 questions well answered graded A+, Exams of Nursing

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621 Exam

The right-to-health concept is ultimately a matter of: A. Economics B. Politics C. Ethics D. Religion - correct answer ✔✔C. Ethics In what year did the Allied Health Professions Personnel Training Act establish the first federal funds for support of occupational therapy education? a. 1956 b. 1966 c. 1976 d. 1986 - correct answer ✔✔b. 1966 The Medicare prospective payment system (PPS) has had a profound effect on the development of the healthcare industry by: a. reducing emphasis on inpatient services b. reducing outpatient programs c. reducing community programs d. increasing emphasis on inpatient services - correct answer ✔✔a. reducing emphasis on inpatient services The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) assures: a. citizens' insurance coverage during times of employment change or loss

b. small businesses' insurance options c. protection of citizens' privacy rights regarding their medical records d. all of the above - correct answer ✔✔d. all of the above The Medicare Prescription Drug Improvement and Modernization Act of 2003 is: a. Medicare part a b. Medicare part b c. medicare part c d. medicare part d - correct answer ✔✔d. medicare part d The 3 major types of integrated delivery systems operating in today's health care market are: a. HMO, PPO, POS plans b. HMO, PPO, indemnity plans c. HMO, indemnity plans, POS d. indemnity plans, PPO, POS - correct answer ✔✔a. HMO, PPO, POS plans In a closed-panel HMO, which is true? a. Physicians are allowed to treat only clients who are subscribers to that HMO b. the HMO does not contract exclusively with a single practice group (group model) c. the HMO allows the client to choose a doctor outside the HMO d. the HMO does not contract exclusively with individual physicians - correct answer ✔✔a. Physicians are allowed to treat only clients who are subscribers to that HMO The least restrictive managed care model is: a. Staff models (HMO)

b. PPO c. POS plan d. Network models - correct answer ✔✔b. PPO The most restrictive managed care model is: a. staff model (HMO) b. PPO c. POS plan d. Network model (HMO) - correct answer ✔✔a. staff model (HMO) The evaluation of the necessity, appropriateness, and efficiency of the use of health care services, procedures, and facilities is called: a.diagnosis-related groups b. utilization review c. gatekeeping d. managed care - correct answer ✔✔b. utilization review In 2007, 46 million people in the US did not have health insurance. Although this group includes all ages, incomes, geographic settings, races, and ethnic groups, which population is less likely to have health insurance than older and wealthier people? a. children b. people in the lower-income bracket c. people in the middle-income bracket d. all of the above - correct answer ✔✔d. all of the above Between 1970 and 1984, the number of practicing occupational therapists doubled because:

a. occupational therapy became a glamorous profession b. schools of occupational therapy closed down c. federal legislation encouraged the growth of the profession to address a shortage of allied health personnel d. none of the above - correct answer ✔✔c. federal legislation encouraged the growth of the profession to address a shortage of allied health personnel At present, AOTA board certification is available in: a. gerontology d. ergonomics c. environmental modification d. low vision - correct answer ✔✔a. gerontology Occupational therapy services will be needed for which of the following increasing populations? a. elderly population b. clients with chronic conditions c. military personnel, veterans, and their families d. all of the above - correct answer ✔✔d. all of the above Spiraling health care costs have generated proposals for health care reform and many containment practices, including: a. alternatives to inpatient care such as ambulatory or outpatient care b. formation of medical services alliances c. elimination of redundancy in services d. all of the above - correct answer ✔✔d. al of the above At present, US health care moneys are generated by:

a. business and industry b. 3rd party payers and government subsidies c. private fundraising and individuals d. all of the above - correct answer ✔✔d. all of the above In 2007, what % of US health dollars were spent on hospital care? a. 21% b. 25% c. 31% d. 35% - correct answer ✔✔c. 31% In 2007, what % of US health dollars came from Medicare? a. 7% b. 12% c. 19% d. 35% - correct answer ✔✔c. 19% In competing for health care dollars, occupational therapists must market their areas of expertise and, in particular, specify how the profession: a. Grew from its origins in mental health care b. improves participation in daily life activities c. documents its services d. calls for health care reform - correct answer ✔✔b. improves participation in daily life activities AOTAs position on health reform describes the following concerns:

a. health care must have been proactive, prevention focus b. health care must address the whole person across the life span and his/her needs for acute and chronic care c. mental health and substance abuse parity must be included for all d. all of the above - correct answer ✔✔d. all of the above An OT completes an initial evaluation with a client who has had a cerebrovascular accident. The client's roles include maintaining the home environment and working as a cook in a local restaurant. The OT designs an intervention that includes having the client plan and perform hot and cold meal prep and clean-up tasks in the clinic kitchen. This intervention best represents which concept of client-centered practice: a. communicate with clients using person-centered approach b. respect for clients and their choices c. focus services on the dynamic interaction among the person, their environment, and their preferred occupations d. empower clients to solve problems - correct answer ✔✔c. focus services on the dynamic interaction among the person, their environment, and their preferred occupations An OT is completing an initial evaluation with a client with Alzheimer's disease. The therapist conducts a client-centered interview with the clients daughter, who is the primary caregiver. The interview integrates the concepts of which assessment tool? a. functional independence measure (FIM) b. Kohlman Evaluation of Living Skills (KELS) c. Allen cognitive level screen (ACLS) d. Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM) - correct answer ✔✔d. COPM The client-centered interview requires the client to consider the occupations performed during a typical day and identify those that he or she needs, wants, and is expected to do and to prioritize the 5 most important occupations. What does the practitioner need to do prior to conduct the interview?

a. Orient the client to occupational therapy and define IADLs b. Orient the client to occupational therapy, and make sure that he/she understands the definition of occupation from and occupational therapy perspective c. have the client describe his/her personal performance patterns and their physical and social environments d. ask the client to identify a family member, caregiver, or significant other to include in the interview process - correct answer ✔✔b. Orient the client to occupational therapy, and make sure that he/she understands the definition of occupation from and occupational therapy perspective The intervention continuum includes preparatory methods, purposeful activity, and occupation-based intervention. An OT is evaluating a client with a TBI. During the client-centered interview, the client identified being able to perform grocery shopping as a priority occupation that she needs and is expected to do. Which of the following best reflects an occupation-based intervention the therapist may include in the client's intervention plan? a. Going to the facility gift shop and purchasing a card for a friend b. practicing writing a check to pay for a sample utility bill c. selecting the appropriate bills and coins to pay the amount on a sample grocery receipt d. navigating a course in the clinic that simulates potential environment obstacles in a grocery store - correct answer ✔✔a. Going to the facility gift shop and purchasing a card for a friend The OT manager is reviewing an OT practitioner's documentation to determine the degree of occupation-based services provided. Which of the following descriptions DO NO reflect an occupation- based intervention? a. using an adaptive pen to copy a recipe from a magazine to give to a friend b. completing morning dressing and hygiene activities using adaptive equipment and minimal assistance from the therapist c. Receiving a resting hand splint to provide support and proper positioning during sleep d. With mod assistance from the therapist, client establishes a sequence of self-care and relaxation activities for sleep and identifies a method for measuring the degree of success on a daily basis - correct answer ✔✔c. Receiving a resting hand splint to provide support and proper positioning during sleep

The practice analysis process identified by Chisholm et at. (2004) can be used to analyze OT services at the department level. The first step of the process is to identify the demographic characteristics of the practice setting and client population. The first step in the practice analysis process extends beyond the direct services of the department. Which is the last step in the practice analysis process? a. Identifying the typical problem areas of the clients b. identifying circumstances and conditions that support the staff in providing occupation-based interventions and creating a list of issues that limit staff in providing occupation-based interventions c. identifying examples of interventions typically used to address problem occupations, client factors, performance skills, performance patterns, or contexts and environments d. identifying the range of interventions that could be used in the clinical practice - correct answer ✔✔b. identifying circumstances and conditions that support the staff in providing occupation-based interventions and creating a list of issues that limit staff in providing occupation-based interventions Which of the following best reflects who should complete the practice analysis? a. the manager of occupational therapy services b. the occupational therapist with the most years of experience c. all staff members, with the exception of technicians and FW students d. all staff members, including FW students - correct answer ✔✔d. all staff members, including FW students People perform their daily occupations in a wide range of natural and built environments. The OTM asks the staff to identify the department's space needs and possible solutions to improve it. What represents a space consideration that allows for the inclusion of occupation-based intervention? a. Requesting the purchase of a bedside table and a wheelchair-accessible cutout table b. obtaining approval to use the courtyard picnic area from 1-4pm c. requesting the purchase of a double bed and conventional table and chairs d. rearranging the clinic furniture to look like a home bedrom - correct answer ✔✔a. Requesting the purchase of a bedside table and a wheelchair-accessible cutout table

A Level I OT student observes an evaluation of a client with a had injury. The supervisor has the student generate a list of potential interventions and the supplies needed to implement each intervention. Which of the following lists of supplies best represents those used in an occupation-based intervention? a. education handouts for adaptive strategies to perform home management tasks b. fork, knife, therapy putty c. mail items, envelope opener, coupon section of the newspaper, and scissors d. cuff weights, graded pinch pegs, and elevated dowel rod - correct answer ✔✔c. mail items, envelope opener, coupon section of the newspaper, and scissors The manager wants to support the practitioners efforts in educating and demonstrating to others how occupation is central to OT services. Which of the following activities could the manager encourage the staff to participate in to educate others about occupation-based practice? a. establish a dept journal club that meets monthly b. create an evidence-based library focusing on topics relevant to the practice of the dept c. schedule a case presentation to share the evidence with other health professionals d. all of the above - correct answer ✔✔d. all of the above OT practitioners identify time as a reason for not providing occupation-based services. The manager guides the staff in critically thinking about how they use their time. Which of the following activities do NOT support occupation-based services? a. evaluating occupational performance by observing the client performing activities relevant to desired occupations b. evaluating performance skills and then determining which occupations the skill deficits likely affects c. including an intervention in a session or program on the basis of its relevance to the client's priority occupations d. having each student who is completing a FW experience within the dept develop and assemble an individual group intervention kit - correct answer ✔✔b. evaluating performance skills and then determining which occupations the skill deficits likely affects

The manager needs to ensure occupation based services are being provided as well as that the staff's documentation reflect occupation-based services. Which statement below reflects occupation based practice on a documentation form? a. a section of the first page for a comprehensive list of ROM and muscle strength measurements b. a section on the first page with dressing, bathing, eating, and functional mobility activities c. a section on the first page with areas of occupation, including ADLs, IADLs, rest & sleep, education, work, play, leisure, and social participation activities d. a section on the last page to identify the client's reported priority occupations - correct answer ✔✔c. a section on the first page with areas of occupation, including ADLs, IADLs, rest & sleep, education, work, play, leisure, and social participation activities Managers and practitioners need to understand, appreciate, and accept the influence of culture in organizations. There is a change of the administrator at a facility who schedules a planning meeting to discuss the development of a new program at the facility. The list of planning committee members does not include a representative from the OT department. Which of the following statements reflects the best option for the manager to transition the situation to endorse and advance the use of occupation- based services? a. Request a meeting with the administrator to obtain an understanding of the administrator's viewpoint and to discuss the significance of occupation-based services for the facility and the new program b. After the planning meeting, ask one of the committee members what was discussed in order to identify opportunities for occupation-based services for the new program c. Send a representative from the d - correct answer ✔✔a. Request a meeting with the administrator to obtain an understanding of the administrator's viewpoint and to discuss the significance of occupation- based services for the facility and the new program The needs and goals of the staff are one of the central features to the management process. A manager can include a "staff-centered interview" in the job performance review process. What concept is supported by the inclusion of a staff centered interview? a. managers need to facilitate staff being involved in all aspects of dept management

b. managers need to focus management on the dynamic interaction among the staff member, their work environments, and their preferred and required work occupations c. managers need to provide flexible and individualized management d. managers need to communicate with staff using a person-centered approach - correct answer ✔✔b. managers need to focus management on the dynamic interaction among the staff member, their work environments, and their preferred and required work occupations Not only do practitioners need to provide occupation-based services, they also must provide pragmatic evidence that supports the effectiveness of occupation-based practice. Literature should be gathered from all available electronic resources using relevant keywords. Which is not appropriate to use when searching for literature relevant to occupation-based practice? a. purposeful activity b. occupation c. added-purpose d. performance skills - correct answer ✔✔d. performance skills The definitions of purposeful activity and occupation based intervention in the OTPF can be used to determine whether an intervention included in a study reflects occupation-based practice. What is an appropriate intervention to include in an evidence-based practice chart that addresses occupation-based practice? a. participation in routine morning occupations vs dysfunctional behaviors w/ a positive reinforcement for participation b. above-head arm stretches and below-waist arm stretches c. arm movements simulating dunking a small, spongy ball into a basketball hoop d. moving arm while imagining picking up a pencil from a pencil holder and pretending to write name - correct answer ✔✔a. participation in routine morning occupations vs dysfunctional behaviors w/ a positive reinforcement for participation During a performance review, the manager observes an COTA administering intervention sessions with clients who had hip replacement surgery. The manager observes that the COTA includes the same type of interventions in each session -- UE exercise, practice of transfers, review of hip precautions, and

education for use of adaptive equipment. Which strategy would best show the COTA how to include occupation-based interventions in her services? a. Have the COTA complete a review of literature related to occupation-based practice for clients who have had hip replacement surgery b. Provide the COTA with a list of occupation-based interventions to use with clients who have had hip replacement surgery c. Have the COTA complete a self-reflective exercise that includes defining the problem area of a client and identifying the interventions included during the clients intervention session, categorizing the intervention usin - correct answer ✔✔c. Have the COTA complete a self-reflective exercise that includes defining the problem area of a client and identifying the interventions included during the clients intervention session, categorizing the intervention using the intervention continuum and identifying intervention options across the continuum that could be used to address the client's problem areas The manager of an outpatient clinic with a primary caseload of clients with UE orthopedic conditions wants to enhance the provision of occupation-based services. Which of the following strategies would be most beneficial for the manager to implement? a. Scheduling an education session for the staff on the components and benefits of occupation-based services for clients with UE orthopedic conditions b. Including a client-centered interview as the standard of care, that is, the interview will be administered as part of the eval and reviewed and revised during the intervention program c. Include case presentations and discussions in departmental meetings that focus on the use of occupation and opportunities for enhancing occupation-based services. d. all of the above - correct answer ✔✔d. all of the above A manager overhears a client saying to a family member "I don't know why I have to cook muffins int he OT kitchen. I don't even like muffins." The manager shares the situation during a departmental meeting to facilitate a discussion best related to which of the following issues?

a. materials needed for occupation-based interventions and purposeful activities are more likely to be available in people's homes and for purchase in local retail stores than the materials for preparatory methods b. clients nee to understand how the interventions they engage in will facilitate their ability to engage in meaningful occupations that they include in their daily routine and the connection between the client's daily occupations and the interventions c. maximizing the clinic space to reflect that of "real-world" environments and arranging it to look like a natural living space d. clients and their significant others are inter - correct answer ✔✔b. clients nee to understand how the interventions they engage in will facilitate their ability to engage in meaningful occupations that they include in their daily routine and the connection between the client's daily occupations and the interventions The OT department at a local medical center has recently established a fieldwork program. The manager wants to include student assignments that will enhance the department's occupation-based services and are meaningful for the student. The manager asks the practitioners to generate a list of potential student assignments. Which best support occupation-based practice? a. A department scavenger hunt that requires the student to locate and identify clinic spaces and materials, to categorize them using language from the OTPF, such as categorizing evaluation items by domain, intervention items by type of intervention b. Leading one or more department journal club sessions, which would include selecting a recent article relevant to occupation-based practice and to the clinic population or practice setting, facilitating the discussion, creating a user-friendly 1-page handout for clients and families, and adding the artic - correct answer ✔✔d. all of the above Strategic planning is best described as a: a. precise daily operations schedule

b. budget model c. template for organizational action d. allocation formula for staffing - correct answer ✔✔c. template for organizational action The provision of OT services is most challenged by: a. lack of evidence-based practice b. cost containment issues c. insufficient supply of qualified workers d. technology-related costs - correct answer ✔✔b. cost containment issues The vision statement within the strategic plan identifies the organization's: a. strategy for success b. most favored goal c. primary purpose d. aspired position - correct answer ✔✔d. aspired position The foundation of any strategic plan is its: a. mission b. vision c. strategy d. objectives - correct answer ✔✔a. mission Assessment of the internal environment occurs by identifying: a. opportunities b. threats

c. stakeholders d. strengths - correct answer ✔✔d. strengths A completed SWOT analysis provides the basis for: a. evaluation criteria b. possible scenarios c. specific goals d. predictable growth - correct answer ✔✔b. possible scenarios Final scenario selection best predicts the: a. identification of goals b. allocation of funding c. expansion of mission d. plan's success - correct answer ✔✔a. identification of goals A limitation of the strategic planning process is its: a. dynamic structure b. small number of plan goals c. reliance on broad input d. ever-evolving plan currency - correct answer ✔✔d. ever-evolving plan currency Strategy success and its measurements are best implemented by the: a. organizational president b. responsible staff or unit c. stakeholders

d. planning director - correct answer ✔✔b. responsible staff or unit One key outcome of an organizations management of the planning process is a. creation of positions b. acceptance of consensus c. allocation of resources d. budget expansion - correct answer ✔✔c. allocation of resources A step in the strategic planning process that identifies and examines an organizations internal and external environments is best described as a. strategic development b. SWOT analysis c. scenario expansion d. vision clarification - correct answer ✔✔b. SWOT analysis An external condition providing potential obstacles for an organization is best described as a a. scenario b. threat c. strategy d. weakness - correct answer ✔✔b. threat An external condition providing potential for organizational sustainability and growth is best described as a(n) a. strength b. vision

c. mission d. opportunity - correct answer ✔✔d. opportunity Methods selected to achieve goals and objectives are a. action plans b. strengths c. strategies d. scenarios - correct answer ✔✔c. strategies Stakeholder groups of an organization important tin the planning process most likely include: a. employees, consumers, and supporting organizations b. policy makers, service providers, and payer solutions c. consultants and external standard-setting agencies d. focus groups, survey consultants, and practitioners - correct answer ✔✔a. employees, consumers, and supporting organizations A template for an organization's course over a possible period of 3-5 years is its: a. mission statement b. vision statements c. strategy analysis d. strategic plan - correct answer ✔✔d. strategic plan In response to the rapidly changing service delivery environment, organizations must frequently a. revisit their payer source mix b. asses their direction and purpose

c. revise goals and objectives d. review employee performance - correct answer ✔✔b. asses their direction and purpose Individuals involved in an organizations strategic planning process should include: a. executives and managers within the organization b. employees and administration c. administers and consumers d. all who are influenced by it - correct answer ✔✔d. all who are influenced by it Strategic planning would be the least effective in an organization that has a. cost containment concerns b. environmental challenges c. absence of identified mission d. decreased morale among staff - correct answer ✔✔c. absence of identified mission The key strategic planning role for the entry-level practitioner is a. developing unit budget for the new plan b. networking with the broader community leaders c. participating in identifying new initiatives d. assigning strategies to staff for implementations - correct answer ✔✔c. participating in identifying new initiatives Which of the following trends is expected to increase demand for OT over the next 5 to 10 years? a. an increase in the number of people over 65

b. an increased percentage of the population w chronic medical illness c. evolving expectations of those requiring services d. all of the above - correct answer ✔✔d. all of the above A market analysis is: a. a formal statement of a set of business development goals and a plan for reaching those goals w key requirements and outcomes b. a documented investigation of supply and demand in a service sector that is used to inform business planning activities c. formal operationalization of the visionary goal d. none of the above - correct answer ✔✔b. a documented investigation of supply and demand in a service sector that is used to inform business planning activities What statements best describes a person who should develop a business plan? a. Persons considering going into private practice b. Persons developing a new program within an established institution c. A group of therapists planning on establishing a new clinic d. Any persons embarking on a new program or business venture - correct answer ✔✔d. Any persons embarking on a new program or business venture A needs assessment should be performed a. because it gives clients an opportunity to state whether they are satisfied w current services b. because clients have a realistic expectation that they are asked about their wants and needs c. because it is important to find out about potential clients of the proposed service and what they would want and/or need from the potential services d. none of the above - correct answer ✔✔c. because it is important to find out about potential clients of the proposed service and what they would want and/or need from the potential services

When is the best time to perform a needs assessment? a. before a program is initiated b. before a program is initiated and as a continuing part of programmatic data collection c. annually d. none of the above - correct answer ✔✔b. before a program is initiated and as a continuing part of programmatic data collection Methods that might be included in a program development needs assessment include a. surveys b. interviews c. focus groups d. all of the above - correct answer ✔✔d. all of the above It is important to establish market trends in establishing a new program to: a. establish how changes in the population to be served and service availability will affect the program b. determine the needs of the target population c. ensure that the population served is happy with the program's offerings d. none of the above - correct answer ✔✔a. establish how changes in the population to be served and service availability will affect the program A SWOT analysis should be performed: a. because it gives clients an opportunity to state whether they are satisfied, worried, offended, or tired of the current services b. because clients have a realistic expectation that they will be asked about their wants and needs c. because it is important to find out about potential clients of the program or service and what they would want and/or need from a potential service

d. to assess the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats to the service or program - correct answer ✔✔d. to assess the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats to the service or program A SWOT analysis should be performed: a. before a program is initiated b. before initiating a program and as a continuing part of assessing market conditions c. annually d. none of the above - correct answer ✔✔b. before initiating a program and as a continuing part of assessing market conditions Networking involves connecting with others and should include opportunities to interact a. with others at conferences b. at meetings of local chambers of commerce and relevant community benefit organizations c. with competitors at various venues d. all of the above - correct answer ✔✔d. all of the above In establishing a staffing pattern, which of the following is important in decision making a. census b. severity of clients' condition c. diagnosis and need for specific therapy d. all of the above - correct answer ✔✔d. all of the above A principle advantage of recruiting new graduates in a start-up service or program is that new graduates a. are less expensive b. have fewer habits and expectations that may not be useful in a start-up situation and that need to be unlearned

c. have new skill sets d. may be willing to work longer hours, which may be necessary in a start-up situation - correct answer ✔✔b. have fewer habits and expectations that may not be useful in a start-up situation and that need to be unlearned A cost that does not change depending on client census -such as rent, property tax, insurance, or interests expense- is called a a. fixed cost b. variable cost c. direct cost d. indirect cost - correct answer ✔✔a. fixed cost The cost of labor or material that changes according to the change in the census is called a: a. fixed cost b. variable cost c. direct cost d. breakeven point - correct answer ✔✔b. variable cost Which of the following two costs will increased as census increases? a. fixed costs and variable costs b. variable costs and direct costs c. direct costs and fixed costs d. indirect costs and fixed costs - correct answer ✔✔b. variable costs and direct costs Expenses related to the principal activity of the business (therapy equipment consumed in the process of therapy, therapy labor costs) are called:

a. fixed costs b. variable costs c. direct costs d. indirect costs - correct answer ✔✔c. direct costs Expenses such as marketing activities and administration activities are called a. fixed costs b. variable costs c. direct costs d. indirect costs - correct answer ✔✔d. indirect costs The term "corporate culture" refers to a. tolerance of diversity within a corporation b. personnel policies and procedures and how employees are treated c. corporate values and beliefs that influence what staff do and how they do it d. all of the above - correct answer ✔✔c. corporate values and beliefs that influence what staff do and how they do it The breakeven point is a. point at which expenses and revenue are equal b. the time required for the return on an investment (ex to repay the original investment) c. the time it takes to pay back investors d. none of the above - correct answer ✔✔a. point at which expenses and revenue are equal Payback period for a service or program refers to:

a. the period required for the return on an investment (ex. to repay the sum of the original investment) b. the point at which costs or expenses and revenue are equal c. the time is takes to pay back investors d. none of the above - correct answer ✔✔a. the period required for the return on an investment (ex. to repay the sum of the original investment) According to the Small Business Administration, what % of net new employment in the US between 1992 and 2008 was created by small businesses? a. 30% - 50% b. 40% - 60% c. 50% - 70% d. 60% - 80% - correct answer ✔✔d. 60% - 80% An entrepreneur acts on new a. idea b. venture c. opportunity d. all of the above - correct answer ✔✔d. all of the above Entrepreneurship can a. provide the opportunity to pursue a dream b. serve as an alternative to traditional salaried job experiences lost to restructuring or elimination c. serve as an alternative to unsatisfying job experiences d. all of the above - correct answer ✔✔d. all of the above An entrepreneur is concerned mainly about

a. personal profit b. venture profit c. social, nonprofit d. any success to match the mission - correct answer ✔✔d. any success to match the mission The 4 psychological typologies identified by Miner (2000) are associated with which of the following? a. the ability to grow an existing business and the propensity to initiate a business venture b. the ability to make a profit and manage a business c. the ability to incubate an idea and develop a product d. the ability to develop and implement a business plan - correct answer ✔✔a. the ability to grow an existing business and the propensity to initiate a business venture The term entrepreneur originally was developed in France and meant a. venture capitalist b. middlemen c. tax avoider d. grand developer - correct answer ✔✔b. middlemen Which of the following typology classifications applies to individuals with Type A personality, high motivation, commitment to projects, and a strong belief that they can control their futures? a. real managers b. expert idea generators c. personal achievers d. empathic super-salespersons - correct answer ✔✔c. personal achievers