Medical and Pharmacology Study Guide for LPC Exam 2024-2025, Exams of Advanced Education

Download Medical and Pharmacology Study Guide for LPC Exam 2024-2025 and more Exams Advanced Education in PDF only on Docsity! 68W LPC Exam-with 100% verified solutions 2024-2025 Tutor verified 142 Q&A DD Form 689: Individual Sick Call Slip** Used for a patient who requests/receives medical/dental treatment at an Army Medical Treatment Facility (MTF). A commander may choose to allow a soldier to break profile, but then they have to assume 100% risk for the soldier. chain of infetion 1) pathogenic microorganism 2) reservoir 3) portal of exit 4) modes of transmission 5) portal of entry 6) susceptible host course of infection 1. Incubation period 2. Prodromal stage 3. Full stage of illness 4. Convalescence stage 3 types of transmission based precautions airborne, droplet, contact What is an antibiotic? drug that kills bacteria examples of antihistamines 1 Fexofenadine (Allegra) 2 Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) 3 Loratadine (Claritin) 4 Certirizine (Zyrtec) What is the treatment for an anaphylactic reaction? 1) manage airway 2) oxygen 3) epinephrine Antecubital fossa inner elbow Anticoagulant prevents blood clotting What are the preferred veins used for drawing blood? 1) Median (cubital vein) 2) Cephalic vein 3) Basilic vein Parts of a needle hub, (cannula) shaft, bevel, and lumen Parts of a syringe Protozoa Single celled microscopic microorganisms Bacteria Single celled organisms without a nucleus Spores Protect certain bacteria and become resistant to the environment and can survive extreme conditions of light, drying, and many chemicals. They are the most difficult to control and destroy Virus Must use the host's ability to make protein and energy Chain of Infection** Pathogenic Microorganism - Reservoir - Portal of Exit - Modes of Transmission - Portal of Entry - Susceptible Host Epidemic A large number of people who became infected in a relatively short amount of time. Direct Contact** The most common method of transportation!! The pathogen is transmitted by touching, sexual interocurse, kissing, skin to skin contact, contact with open wounds, etc. Droplet Spread This refers to the distribution of a pathogen via large short range spraying such as sneezing, coughing, or talking. This is NOT considered "Airborne transmission"!** Airborne Transmission Dust particles carrying microbes or spores blow from place to place spreading disease Vectors Living carriers of pathogens that spread disease on their feet, wings, or bodies onto food that people eat or bite a victim (rodents, mosquitos, flies, and ticks) Vehicles May indirectly transmit infection via food, water, biological products or inanimate objects. What is the single most useful and effective means breaking the chain of infection?** Handwashing (10 sec-2 min) We have an expert-written solution to this problem! Normal Course of Infection** 1: Incubation Period 2: Prodromal Stage 3. Full Stage of Illness 4. Convalescent Stage Host Resistance Naturally occurring body floras have an antibiotic relationship with pathogens and contribute to an individual's health Dirty Any object or person that has not been cleaned or sterilized for removal of microorganisms Contaminated Object that was clean or sterile before it touched a dirty object Clean Implies that many or most harmful microorganisms have been removed Sterile The item is free of all microorganisms and spores Routes of Administration internal, percutaneous, and parenteral Injection sites Instramuscular IM Intradermal Subcutaneous SQ When is medication verified When obtained from place of storage. When withdrawing the medication. When placing the meds back. Intradermal injections Allergy, TB, and mumps testing. 1/4 to 1/2 needle length 25-27 gauge Sites- inner forearm, back of upper arm, on back between shoulder blades. Subcutaneous injection Absorbs-15-30mins Duration-hours to weeks Length- 1/2 to 1 in Gauge- 23 to 25 Sites- tricep not exceed .5ml Vastus lateralis- not exceed 2ml Abdomen- usually insulin 45 degree angle Intramuscular injection IM Absorb- 10-20mins Duration- hours to weeks Large volume of medication needed Gauge- 20 to 22 Length- depends on patient Sites- deltoid- up to 2ml Gluteus Maximus- up to 5ml Vastus lateralis- up to 5ml 90 degrees Antibiotics Compound that inhibits or kills the growth of micro organisms such as bacteria, Protozoa, and fungi. Categories of antibiotics Broad- effective against a wide range of microorganisms Narrow- effective against a specific type. Topical abx Absorbs via mucous membranes, rapid. Easy to give. Safe, Oral abx Pros: most economical, convenient, easy to give. Cons: vomiting, requires cooperative patient, slow absorption rate. Intravenous IV abx Pros: fast absorption, for patients unconscious, Cons: harder to administer, fear of needles. Tinea corporis Ring worm Tinea pedis Athletes foot Tinea capitas Scalp infection Tinea cruiris Jock itch Mechanism of Action how the drug works Indication reason the medication is administered Psychological Dependence the patient is convinced that they have a need for the drug Physiological dependence the body has developed a physical need for the drug sublingual under the tongue buccal placed along side of the cheek ophthalmic administered to the eye Venipuncture selection veins 1st median cubital vein 2nd cephalic vein 3rd basilic vein Eyes eent Red flags- vision loss, history of trauma. Visual acuity via snellen chart or gross test. 20/20 means numerator is distance from chart. Denominator is distance a normal eye can see the line. O.D-right eye, O.S-left eye, O.U-both eyes. Conjunctivitis Inflammation of conjunctiva. Gunk coming from eyes, they hurt, burn, if it's clear fluid it's viral, if it's purulent (pus) it's bacterial. Course of infection Incubation period Prodromal stage Full stage of illness Convalescent stage Nosocomial Infection caused from health care facility. Contact dermatitis Inflammation of skin caused by exposure to irritants i.e. Poison oak Folliculitis Inflammation of a hair follicle caused by infection. Cellulitis Acute bacterial infection of the dermis and subcutaneous tissues. Red and hot and swelling Heat, pain, redness, and edema Macule Flat, color varies, small under 1cm Patch is over 1 cm Freckles, moles, tattoos. Papule Solid, raised lesion less then 1cm Plaque- group of papule. Greater then 1cm Warts, Nodule Dehiscence When something was stitched or closed surgically but then ruptures Abscess Cavity containing discharge surrounded by inflamed tissue Pustules Elevated lesion containing pus Wheals (hives) Allergic reaction, elevated lesions cause by localized edema. Vessicle Elevated lesion containing serous fluid Primary intention Wounds that will be closed immediately following the injury Secondary intention Wounds left to heal themselves, scraps burns Delayed primary closure Packed with gauze over time healing, cleaned of infection throughout. Phagocytosis A three stage process when neutrophils, monocytes, and macrophages destroy microorganisms other antigens and cell debris Pruluent Pus discharge Collagen White fibrous structural protein found in tendons, bin cartilage and skin Granulation Part of healing process when rough Pink tissue containing new connective tissue and capillaries form around the wound edges. Malodorous Having an unpleasant smell Medial epicondylitis Golfers arm Lateral epicondylitis Tennis elbow Foosh Fallen on out stretched hands Acromioclavicular separation Shoulder separation Gait How someone walks Nephrolithiasis Kidney stones Pyelonephritis Kidney infection Cystitis Urinary tract infection, seen in women more. Hemorrhoids Blood engorged vein in lower rectum