A&P 2 Biol 2402 Final Exam 2024-2025: Questions & Answers, Exams of Biology

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A&P 2 Biol 2402 Final Exam 2024-2025. Questions

& Correct Verified Answers. Graded A

________ hormone from the hypothalamus causes the adenohypophysis to release MSH. - ANScorticotrophin releasing hormone ________ soluble hormones enter the cell by way of simple diffusion. - ANSlipid _________ is a normal part of fat breakdown. - ANSketogenesis (making a ketoacids/bodies) _________ receive blood directly from the muscular arteries. - ANSarterioles __________ are a unique characteristic of veins. - ANSvalves __________ function as lymph filters. - ANSlymphatic vessels/ lymph nodes __________ is present at birth. It is non-specific and non-adaptive. - ANSinnate immune response __________ is produced by the juxtaglomerular cells in response to low blood volume/pressure. - ANSrenin ___________ is the name of this "lymph with lipids". - ANSchyle

____________ (capable of mounting an immune response). - ANSimmunocompetent _____________ are encapsulated organs with masses of B and T cells. - ANSlymph nodes ______________ shock results from excess dilation of the blood vessels. - ANSvascular shock ____________are pouches of the large intestines created by the shortening of tenia coli. - ANSHaustra ____________is the molecule that first enters and thus begins the Kreb's Cycle. - ANSAcetyl CoA ____________is the term used to indicate clotting in an unbroken blood vessel (usually a vein) - ANSthrombosis ___________are the bone marrow and thymus where stem cells divide and became. - ANSprimary lymph organs ___________capillaries are the most common and found all over the body( with few exceptions). - ANScontinuous __________blood contains A antibodies in the plasma. - ANSGroup "B"

_________is the primary product of glycolysis along with 2 ATP. - ANSpyruvic acid/pyruvate A large, flat lumen would be characteristic of _________. - ANStunic media A person's Basal Metabolic Rate is determine during a _____________condition. - ANSfasting and resting A person's blood type is determined by the __________. - ANSpresence/absence of a 3 antigens on the surface of RBC's A__________ of food is what is swallowed and enters the stomach. - ANSbolus Acini of the pancreas are exocrine glands that secrete____________ enzymes. - ANSdigestive All hormones from the Anterior pituitary gland except MSH, high & prolactin are __________ hormones. - ANStropic Along the respiratory conducting system the amount of hyaline cartilage decreases & ___________ increases. - ANSsmooth muscle Alpha cells secrete _________ which increases blood glucose levels. - ANSglucagon

An obstruction or malfunction of lymph flow leads to _______________ from fluid accumulation in interstitial spaces. - ANSedema As the Action Potential depolarizes Both Atria is recorded as the _______________ on an ECG test. - ANSP wave Baroreceptors locate in the ____________ monitor blood composition. - ANSarch of aorta, the carotid sinus, in the kidney and walls of the heart Between the ____________and pulmonary capillaries is where gas exchange occurs within the lungs. - ANSalveoli Bile is produced by the_____________. - ANSliver Blood DOES contain________. - ANSWBC, RBC, platelets, H2O/plasma , NA+, CL-, glucose & protein Blood is carried from the heart to the body by the _________. - ANSaorta Blood is carried to the right atrium from the myocardium by the ______________.

• ANScoronary sinus Blood passes through the capillaries and directly into the _________ on its way back to the heart. - ANSvenules

Branches after the secondary branchi are the _________. - ANStertiary During the ____________ state, ingested nutrients enter the bloodstream and glucose is readily available. - ANSabsorptive Endocrine hormones are secreted into/onto __________. - ANSblood Essential amino acids are______________. - ANSnot made by the body G.I contents passes from the cecum through the _____________then into the hepatic flexure. - ANSascending colon Gas exchange between ___________ constitutes internal respiration. - ANSsystemic capillaries and tissues of the body Gluconeogenesis is the process of making___________. - ANSnew glucose How many ATP are produced only by the Electron Transport Chain? - ANS34- ATP How many cusps does the LEFT AV valve have? - ANSTwo In the GI tract, lymphatic fluid includes absorbed dietary lipids is called; the fluid is now called_____________. - ANSlymphatic fluid

It includes our first line of external, physical, and chemical barriers provided by the _________&___________. - ANSskin & mucous membranes Lymph fluid's final destination is the bloodstream , as it enters through the ___________. - ANSsubclavian viens Lymphatic capillaries unite to form larger lymphatic vessels which resemble veins in structure but have _____________. - ANSthinner walls and more valves Plasma is made up mostly of ________. - ANSwater Platelets function in the body is for__________. - ANSblood clotting Proteins are not stored or used for energy: rather, they will be broken down into individual ___________ and recycled. - ANSamino acids PTH causes levels of _________in the blood to increase. - ANScalcium Ca+ Secondary lymphatic organs are sites where most immune responses occur, including the _________, __________, _________, and _________. - ANSspleen, lymph nodes, lymphoid and tissues such as the tonsils. Swallowed food is carried to the stomach by the _____________. - ANSesophagus

The ________ of the Mitcohondria is where the Kreb's Cycle takes place. - ANSmatrix The _________ contains the blood & lymphatic vessels and is deep to the mucosa.

• ANSsubmacosa The _________ is responsible for initiating the cough reflex. - ANScarina The __________ prevents backflow into the LEFT atrium. - ANSbicuspid valve The ____________ is what attaches small intestines to the posterior abdomen wall. - ANSmesentary The _________of a vessel is the outermost layer. - ANStunica media The _______arteries have an abundance of elastic fibers in the tunica media. - ANSelastic The Adrenal medulla secretes ____________. - ANSEpinephrine and norepinephrin The alarm reaction is the fight-or flight response initiated by the __________. - ANShypothalamus

The anterior part of the hypothalamus is the body's primary __________. - ANSthermostat The anterior pituitary gland is also known as the ___________. - ANSadenohypophysis The cardiovascular system can be subdivided into the systemic &___________ circuits. - ANSpulmonary The epiglottis is primarily made of ___________. - ANSelastic cartilage The fasiculata layer of the adrenal cortex secretes__________. - ANSglucocorticoids The first branches off the trachea are the _________. - ANSprimary bronchii The forming of collateral circulation by-passing a "blocked" existing vessel is called a/an ___________. - ANSanastomosis The function of the LEFT atrium is to __________. - ANSreceive blood from the lungs The hyaline cartilage structure located between the thyroid cartilage and trachea is the___________. - ANScricoid cartilage

The inner lining of the respiratory tract is___________. - ANSpseudostratified columnar (outer mucosa) The innermost layer of the heart is the _________________. - ANSendocardium The kidneys would be the best place to look for __________capillaries. - ANSfenestrated The left lung has ____________ secondary bronchi. - ANS The LEFT ventricle pumps blood to the ____________. - ANSbody The lower G.I is made of __________ on the inner (epithelial) lining. - ANSsimple columnar The lower respiratory system includes everything below the ____________. - ANSlarnyxl glottis The majority of the blood in the body is contained within the ___________. - ANSveins The most abundant plasma protein is the ___________. - ANSalbumins The mucosal folds located within the Small Intestines are called_____________. - ANSplica circularis

The outermost layer of the Alimentary canal above the diaphragm is called the ____________. - ANSadventitia The pancreas produces _________ which breaks down fats. - ANSlipase The pituitary hangs down from the hypothalamus on a stalk called the__________. - ANSinfundibulum The process called hematopoeisis describes which of the following? - ANSproducing new blood cells The region of the large intestines after the descending colon is the ____________.

• ANSsigmoid colon The S1 or the "first heart sound" is caused by___________. - ANSclosing of AV valves The skeletal muscle & respiratory pump are methods to ____________. - ANSvenous return The trachea is made up c-shaped rings of ____________. - ANShyaline cartilage

The valve prevents backflow into the LEFT VENTRICLE is the __________. - ANSaortic valve The vena cavas return blood from the body to the ____________. - ANSright atrium The vermiform appendix is attached to the _____________. - ANScecum Triglycerides enter the blood carried in large lipoproteins called_____________. - ANScholymicrons Type AB blood contains _____________. - ANSA&B antigens and no antibodies in the plasma on the RBC Vitamin B12 is absorbed in the___________. - ANSterminal ileum Which of the following is NOT considered a "formed element"? - ANSalbumin, plasma, and fibirinogen (formed: WBC,RBC & platelets) Which of the following is the major function of the small intestine? - ANSabsorb nutrients Which of the following leukocyte is a granulocyte? - ANSneutrophils, eosinophils, basophils

White blood cells primary function is ____________. - ANS(immune system) defending the body against infections