A4M Practice Test 37 Questions with Verified Answers,100% CORRECT, Exams of Nursing

Download A4M Practice Test 37 Questions with Verified Answers,100% CORRECT and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! A4M Practice Test 37 Questions with Verified Answers 1. Identify the true statement(s) concerning the role of mitochondria in longevity, aging, and disease. a. Decreased mitochondrial function results in increased oxidative damage, caused by free radical formation combined with a decrease in antioxidant enzyme system activity. b. Maternal transmission of mitochondrial genomes is a factor in differences in longevity between male and female organisms (Drosophila model) c. Alteration of the electron transport chain (ETC) promotes survival and enhances longevity (C. elegans model). d. a, b, c are true statements e. Only a and b are true statements - CORRECT ANSWER 1. d For questions 2-4, match the property of the therapeutic compound, with its correct name: 2. Shown to reduce all-cause mortality, as well as mortality specifically due to cardiovascular disease and cancers, in men. 3. Shown to decrease the rate of telomere shortening. 4. Combined with calcium, shown to reduce mortality in the elderly. a. Vitamin C b. Vitamin D3 c. Vitamin E d. CoEnzyme Q10 e. EPA/DHA - CORRECT ANSWER 2. a 3. e 4. b 5. Identify the true statements concerning the role of the inflammation in aging and disease: a. Inflammation is implicated as a key factor in arthritis, asthma, allergies, diabetes, and heart disease. b. The two major classes of inflammatory messengers are prostaglandins and interleukins. c. Activation of the protein complex nuclear factor kappa beta in response to oxidative stress triggers as increase in pro-inflammatory mediators, including IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-alpha. d. Only a and b are true statements. e. Only a and c are true statements. - CORRECT ANSWER 5. e (the 2 major classes of inflammatory messengers are prostaglandins and leukotrienes) 6. Identify the true statements concerning lifestyle (non-pharmacological) approaches in hypertensive patients: a. A large percentage of essential HTN patients may be appropriate candidates, as long as blood pressure is evaluated and clinical target organ damage, clinical CVD, DM, or significant risk factors are not present at the time of diagnosis and do not develop later. b. Optimum nutrition, antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals are counter indicated in patients taking antihypertensive drugs. c. Non-pharmacological approaches to HTN are not valuable in patients with normal BP. d. A, b, c are true statements. e. None of the above are true statements. - CORRECT ANSWER 6. a b. ...may provide excellent adjunctive treatment... c. ...should be encouraged... 7. Identify the true statements concerning the role of increased oxidative stress in HTN: a. Increases oxidative stress is due to increased generation of ROS with a suppressed response to ROS. b. Arachidonic acid metabolites do not contribute to increased levels or ROS. c. A reduced antioxidant reserve results from lower intracellular, extracellular, enzymatic, and non-enzymatic antioxidants. d. a, b, and c are true statements e. None of the above are true statements. - CORRECT ANSWER 7. c a. ...an exacerbated... b. ...do contribute.... 8. Identify the true statements concerning protein intake and effect on BP: c. increasing age is a predictor of worse outcomes For question 16-18 match the description of the Functional Medicine (FM) test with correct name: 16. Assesses the capacity of the compound to bind to proteins, especially metalothionine in the kidneys, as well as brain tissue and bones. 17. This evaluation can be used to determine the patient's diseases for which she/he is at risk for, despite being currently asymptomatic. 18. Measures individual components of these compounds, with ratios being clinically more important than individual levels in determining membrane health and dietary adequacy. a. Fatty acid analysis b. Brain MRI c. Genomic genetic testing d. Heavy metal testing e. CXR - CORRECT ANSWER 16. d 17. c 18. a 19. Identify the true statements concerning thyroid physiology: a. Less that 20% of the thyroid hormone produced in the body is T4. b. T3 is the active hormone, whereas T4 is a prohormone. c. An excess of selenium and iodine can result in less available thyroid activity. d. a, b, and c are true statements. e. Only a and b are true statements. - CORRECT ANSWER 19. b a. Aprox 80 % is T4 c. deficiencies of selenium and iodine 20. Identify the true statements concerning testosterone: a. bioavailable testosterone decreases by 50% among men 75 years of age, as compared to men 25 years of age. b. Despite women having about 10% of the male circulating testosterone levels, the hormone is necessary to maintain upper body strength and bone density. c. Literature finds that the lower the free testosterone level, the more likely coronary artery disease will be present. d. a, b, c are true statements e. Only a and b are true statements. - CORRECT ANSWER 20. d 21. Identify the true statements concerning growth hormone (GH) physiology: a. Stimulates the hepatic production of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), which exerts a cytoprotective effect in the brain. b. Stimulates the production of binding proteins including IGFBP-3, with which an anti-cancer effect (via stimulation of P53 gene) has been observed. c. In the carotid arteries, promotes less atherosclerosis and improves intimal medial thickness. d. a, b, c are true statements. e. Only a and b are true statements. - CORRECT ANSWER 21. d 22. Which of the following is NOT a symptom of low estrogen levels: a. Thinner skin b. Joint pain c. Decreased memory d. Fibrocystic breasts e. Osteoporosis/osteopenia - CORRECT ANSWER 22. d 23. Identify the true statements concerning estrogen: a. E1 (estrone) is the main estrogen the body makes postmenopausally. b. Most of E2 (estradiol) is made in a woman's ovaries prior to menopause. c. E3 (estriol) is the strongest estrogen and is a potent stimulator of the breast and uterine lining. d. a, b, and c are true statements. e. Only a and b are true statements. - CORRECT ANSWER 23. e c. E2 is the strongest estrogen, E3 has much less stimulation effect on the breast and uterine lining than estrone or estradiol. 24. NO 25. NO 26. NO - CORRECT ANSWER 0 27. Identify the true statements concerning the body's response to acute infections: a. Acute phase proteins are produced as a response to infection, in the goal to limit immune damage and eliminate invading organisms. b. CRP is an acute phase protein. c. The pancreas produces most acute phase proteins. d. a, b, c are true statements. e. Only a and b are true statements. - CORRECT ANSWER 27. e c. the liver produces For 28-30, match the description of effect of the vitamin/mineral as pertains to immune function, with its correct name: 28. Major role in thymulin activation, which regulates proliferation of thymus based immune cells. 29. Reduces dendrites antigen presentation, inhibits TH1 proliferation, and reduces TNF-alpha. 30 Increases Th1 responses, with elevations in lymphocyte proliferation in response to mitogens. a. Vitamin A b. Vitamin D3 c. Vitamin E d. Selenium e. Zinc - CORRECT ANSWER 28. e 29. b 30. c 31. Left untreated or improperly controlled, chronically elevated glucose and post-prandial hyperglycemia can lead to: a. Endothelial dysfunction b. Worsens oxidative stress, causing damage to tissues, organs, and blood vessels. c. Slowed immune response, especially wound healing and recovery form infections. d. Peripheral vascular disease (PVD), which compromises the ability of blood vessels to carry oxygen and remove waste products from cells. e. All of the above are potential effects. - CORRECT ANSWER 31. e 32. Which of the following is/are a factor for diagnosis of Metabolic Syndrome: a. Increased waist circumference: 40 in for males, 35 in for females. b. Low HDL cholesterol: <40 mg/dL for males, <50 mg/dL for females. c. Hypertension: BP >135/85 mmHG. d. a, b, c are factors for diagnosis e. Only a and c are factors for diagnosis. - CORRECT ANSWER 32. d c. Promotes the formation of new blood vessels that are required for the growth and metastasis of cancers. d. a, b, and c are true statements e. Only a and b are true statements. - CORRECT ANSWER 40. c a. Aromatase which feeds cancers cells is not a mechanism of VEGF. b. Upregulation of epidermal growth factor, stimulates.... For questions 41 through 43, match the description of the cytokine as pertains to cancers, with its correct name: 41. Pluripotent cytokine that promotes angiogenesis, tumor growth, and metastasis in experimental models. 42. An endogenous pyrogen that is able to induce apoptotic cell death and inflammation. 43. Elevated expression of this cytokine has been detected in multiple epithelial tumors, its signaling is implicated in tumorigenesis. a. IL-1 b. IL-6 c. IL-8 d. IL-17 e. TNF-alpha - CORRECT ANSWER 41. a 42. e 43. b For questions 44-46, match the description of the nutritional compound as pertains to cancer prevention, with its correct name: 44. Shown to inhibit the conversion of certain regulators of angiogenesis. 45. The body uses this enzyme to manufacture sulforaphane and indole-3- carbinol. 46. Inhibits markers of nitrosation. a. Vitamin C b. Garlic c. Lycopene d. Piperine e. Myrosinase - CORRECT ANSWER 44. d 45. e 46. b 47 a. Involving 96,000 US and Canadian citizens - including thousands of Seventh- day Adventists (who follow a vegetarian diet), The Adventists Health Study-2 has reported that vegetarian men live an average of 9.5 years longer, and women an average of 6.1 years longer, than meat-eating counterparts, observing that: "vegetarians, esp. vegans, do have lower systolic and diastolic BP and less HTN." - CORRECT ANSWER True 47 b. Economists and public health researchers from the University of Warwick (UK) report that happiness and mental health are highest among people who eat seven portions of fruit and vegies a day. - CORRECT ANSWER True 47 c. University of North Carolina/Chapel Hill (North Carolina, USA) researchers completed a meta-analysis of 16 published studies involving a total of 402,127 participants, with an average 12.8 years of follow-up, reporting that consuming five or more portions of fish per week associated with a 13% reduction in the risk of all types of stroke. - CORRECT ANSWER True 47 d. Eating a Mediterranean diet enriched with olive oil may offer protection against age-related bone loss. A team from the Hospital Dr. Josep Trueta (Spain) report that long-term consumption of a Mediterranean diet combined with olive oil may offer protection against age-related bone loss, writing that "the intake of olive oil has been related to the prevention of osteoporosis in experimental and in vitro models ... [with this study demonstrating] that olive oil preserves bone, at least as inferred by circulating bone markers, in humans." - CORRECT ANSWER True For questions 48-50, match the description of the B vitamin with its correct name: 48. Necessary to form hemoglobin in RBCs, participates in the synthesis of RNA and DNA. 49. Necessary for the manufacture of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, as well as Coenzyme A and the acyl carrier protein. 50. Vital for the formation of FAD (flavin adenine dinucleotide) and FMN (flavin mononucleotide), both of which are essential for metabolizing carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. a. B2 (riboflavin) b. B3 (niacin) c. B5 (pantothenic acid) d. B6 (pyroxidine) e. B12 (cobalamin) - CORRECT ANSWER 48. d 49. c 50. a