A&P 1 Practice Exam 3|99 Questions with Verified Answers,100% CORRECT, Exams of Nursing

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A&P 1 Practice Exam 3|99 Questions with Verified Answers Forms part of the protein synthesis site in the cytoplasm. - CORRECT ANSWER ribosomal RNA Act as "interpreter" molecules that recognize specific amino acids and nucleotide base sequences. - CORRECT ANSWER transfer RNA Attaches the correct amino acid to its transfer RNA. - CORRECT ANSWER Synthetase enzymes Provides the energy needed for synthesis reactions. - CORRECT ANSWER ATP Found in the cytoplasm, this structure specifies the exact sequence of amino acids of the protein to be made. - CORRECT ANSWER messenger RNA May be attached to the ER or scattered in the cytoplasm. - CORRECT ANSWER ribosomal RNA Chromosomes decoil to form chromatin. - CORRECT ANSWER telophase Chromosomal centromeres split and chromosomes migrate to opposite ends of the cell. - CORRECT ANSWER anaphase Nuclear membrane and nucleolus disintegrate. - CORRECT ANSWER late prophase Chromosomes align on the spindle equator. - CORRECT ANSWER metaphase Centrioles move to opposite ends of the cell. - CORRECT ANSWER early prophase Plays a role in the synthesis of steroid-based hormones and proteins. - CORRECT ANSWER Endoplasmic reticulum The actual site of protein synthesis. - CORRECT ANSWER ribosomes Hollow cytoskeletal elements that act as organizers for the cytoskeleton. - CORRECT ANSWER microtubules Dense spherical bodies in the nucleus that are the synthesis site for ribosomal RNA. - CORRECT ANSWER nucleoli Houses DNA and RNA. - CORRECT ANSWER nucleus The cell (plasma) membrane normally contains substantial amounts of cholesterol. - CORRECT ANSWER true Each daughter cell resulting from mitotic cell division has exactly as many chromosomes as the parent cell. - CORRECT ANSWER true Apoptosis is programmed cell suicide, but cancer cells fail to undergo apoptosis. - CORRECT ANSWER true The spindle is formed by the migration of the chromatin. - CORRECT ANSWER false Final preparation for cell division is made during the cell life cycle subphase called G2. - CORRECT ANSWER true Chromatin consists of DNA and RNA. - CORRECT ANSWER false In osmosis, movement of water occurs toward the solution with the lower solute concentration. - CORRECT ANSWER false The genetic information is coded in DNA by the regular alternation of sugar and phosphate molecules. - CORRECT ANSWER false A process by which large particles may be taken into the cell for food, protection of the body, or for disposing of old or dead cells is called phagocytosis. - CORRECT ANSWER true The orderly sequence of the phases of mitosis is prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. - CORRECT ANSWER true Which structures are fingerlike projections that greatly increase the absorbing surface of cells? - CORRECT ANSWER microvilli Which of the following statements is correct regarding diffusion? A) The lower the temperature, the faster the diffusion rate. B) The greater the concentration of gradient, the faster the rate of diffusion. C) Molecular weight of a substance does not affect the rate of diffusion. D) The rate of diffusion is independent of temperature. - CORRECT ANSWER B) The greater the concentration of gradient, the faster the rate of diffusion. Cell junctions that promote the coordinated activity of cells by physically binding them together into a cell community include all of the following except ________. A) gap junctions B) tight junctions C) desmosomes D) peroxisomes - CORRECT ANSWER D) peroxisomes If cells are placed in a hypertonic solution containing a solute to which the membrane is impermeable, what could happen? - CORRECT ANSWER The cells will lose water and shrink. Which of the following is not a subcellular structure? A) membranes B) intercellular material C) organelles D) cytoplasm - CORRECT ANSWER B) intercellular material Once solid material is phagocytized and taken into a vacuole, which of the following statements best describes what happens? A) A lysosome combines with the vacuole and digests the enclosed solid material. B) A ribosome enters the vacuole and uses the amino acids in the "invader" to form new protein. C) Nitrogen enters the vacuole and "burns" the enclosed solid material. D) The vacuole remains separated from the cytoplasm and the solid material persists unchanged. - CORRECT ANSWER A) A lysosome combines with the vacuole and digests the enclosed solid material. Riboswitches are folded RNAs that act as switches to turn protein synthesis on or off in response to _________. - CORRECT ANSWER B) changes in the environment Which of the following is a function of a plasma membrane protein? A) oxygen transport B) molecular transport through the membrane C) forms a lipid bilayer D) circulating antibody - CORRECT ANSWER B) molecular transport through the membrane Which of the following statements is correct regarding RNA? A) There is exactly one specific type of mRNA for each amino acid. B) Messenger RNA, transfer RNA, and ribosomal RNA play a role in protein synthesis. C) If the base sequence of DNA is ATTGCA, the messenger RNA template will be UCCAGU. D) rRNA is always attached to the rough ER. - CORRECT ANSWER B) Messenger RNA, transfer RNA, and ribosomal RNA play a role in protein synthesis. Which of the following would NOT be a constituent of a plasma membrane? A) glycolipids B) phospholipids C) messenger RNA D) glycoproteins - CORRECT ANSWER C) messenger RNA Mitosis ______. - CORRECT ANSWER produces nucleus replication The electron microscope has revealed that one of the components within the cell consists of microtubules arranged to form a hollow tube. This structure is ______. - CORRECT ANSWER centriole Which of these is an inclusion, NOT an organelle? A) cilia B) melanin C) microtubule D) lysosome - CORRECT ANSWER B) melanin Hyperplasia means __________. - CORRECT ANSWER accelerated growth If the nucleotide or base sequence of the DNA strand used as a template for messenger RNA synthesis is ACGTT, then the sequence of bases in the corresponding mRNA would be ________. - CORRECT ANSWER UGCAA Which of the following is true regarding cells in humans? A) Cells can be as long as 1 meter. B) All cells of an adult have a very short life span. C) Organelles are independent life forms. D) Maximum cell diameter is limited to 2 micrometers. - CORRECT ANSWER A) Cells can be as long as 1 meter. Phospholipids ________. A) are both hydrophilic and hydrophobic in nature B) form the lipid bilayer, with tails directed to the outside C) are exclusively hydrophilic molecules D) contain polar tails and nonpolar head groups - CORRECT ANSWER A) are both hydrophilic and hydrophobic in nature Passive membrane transport processes include_____. - CORRECT ANSWER movement of a substance down its concentration gradient Enzymes called _________ destroy the cell's DNA and cytoskeleton, producing a quick death to the cell. - CORRECT ANSWER caspases Mitochondria ________. A) are always the same shape B) contain some of the DNA and RNA code necessary for their own function C) synthesize proteins for use outside the cell D) are single-membrane structures involved in the breakdown of ATP - CORRECT ANSWER B) contain some of the DNA and RNA code necessary for their own function Ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, and the Golgi apparatus functionally act in sequence to synthesize and modify proteins for secretory use (export) only, never A gene can best be defined as ________. - CORRECT ANSWER a segment of DNA that carries the instructions for one polypeptide chain Extracellular matrix is ________. - CORRECT ANSWER the most abundant extracellular material Crenation is likely to occur in ________. - CORRECT ANSWER blood cells in a hypertonic solution Some hormones enter cells via ________. - CORRECT ANSWER receptor-mediated endocytosis If a tRNA had an AGC anticodon, it could attach to a(n) ____ mRNA codon. - CORRECT ANSWER UCG The basic structural and functional unit of life and the continuity of life has a cellular basis is - CORRECT ANSWER The cell theory The Fluid Mosaic Model is a - CORRECT ANSWER that the cell membrane is a double bilayer of lipids with imbedded, dispersed proteins Which of these is gap junction? A) a place between two cells far apart across the range of cells B) a nexus that allows chemical substances to pass between cells C) an anchoring junction scattered along the sides of cells D) an impermeable junction that encircles the cell - CORRECT ANSWER B) a nexus that allows chemical substances to pass between cells Which of these is a method to transport substances by binding them to carrier proteins or pass them through protein channels? A) Simple diffusion B) Tight diffusion C) Facilitated diffusion D) Osmosis E) Active diffusion - CORRECT ANSWER C) Facilitated diffusion Which of these is a method to pass water across a semipermeable membrane? A) Active diffusion B) Tight diffusion C) Simple diffusion D) Facilitated diffusion E) Osmosis - CORRECT ANSWER E) Osmosis Which of these is the passage of water and solutes through a membrane by hydrostatic pressure? A) Filtration B) Active diffusion C) Facilitated transport D) Osmolarity E) Tonicity - CORRECT ANSWER A) Filtration Which of these is isotonic? A) solutions with the same solute concentration as that of the cytosol B) Solvation C) solutions having lesser solute concentration than that of the cytosol D) solutions having greater solute concentration than that of the cytosol - CORRECT ANSWER A) solutions with the same solute concentration as that of the cytosol Which below is secondary active transport? A) hydrolysis of ATP phosphorylates the transport protein causing conformational change B) Dr. Sweet is the trickster, all of these are wrong C) two substances are moved across a membrane in opposite directions D) two substances are moved across a membrane in the same direction E) use of an exchange pump (such as the Na+-K+ pump) indirectly to drive the transport of other solutes - CORRECT ANSWER E) use of an exchange pump (such as the Na+-K+ pump) indirectly to drive the transport of other solutes Which type of vesicular transport moves substance from the cell interior to the extracellular space? A) vesicular trafficking B) phagocytosis C) transcytosis D) exocytosis E) endocytosis - CORRECT ANSWER D) exocytosis Which organelle below is the ribosome? A) Large organelle that manufactures all secreted proteins B) Selectively permeable double membrane barrier containing pores which mRNA can pass through C) Dark-staining spherical bodies within the nucleus that is the site of ribosome synthesis D) Small barrel-shaped organelles located in the centrosome E) Small non-membranous organelle that is involved in synthesis of protein - CORRECT ANSWER E) Small non-membranous organelle that is involved in synthesis of protein Which organelle below is the nucleus? A) Stacked and flattened membranous sacs that functions as the UPS of the cell B) Contains nuclear envelope, nucleoli, chromatin, and distinct compartments rich in specific protein sets C) Whiplike, motile cellular extensions on exposed surfaces of certain cells D) Membranous sacs containing oxidases and catalases E) Spherical membranous bags containing digestive enzymes - CORRECT ANSWER B) Contains nuclear envelope, nucleoli, chromatin, and distinct compartments rich in specific protein sets Which organelle below is the mitochondrion? A) Whiplike, motile cellular extensions on exposed surfaces of certain cells B) Long single cellular structure that moves the sperm C) Membranous sacs containing oxidases and catalases D) Contains nuclear envelope, nucleoli, chromatin, and distinct compartments rich in specific protein sets E) Produces lots of ATP: the powerhouse of the cell - CORRECT ANSWER B) Long single cellular structure that moves the sperm