A&P 2 Final Exam 2024-2025. Questions and Correct Verified Answers. Graded A, Exams of Biology

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A&P 2 Final Exam 2024-2025. Questions and

Correct Verified Answers. Graded A

_____ are blade-shaped teeth that function in cutting or clipping. A) Canines B) Cuspids C) Bicuspids D) Molars E) Incisors - ANSE) Incisors _________ are large lymphoid nodules that are located in the walls of the pharynx. A) Lymph nodes B) Tonsils C) Spleens D) Peyer patches E) Immune complexes - ANSB) Tonsils A person with Type A blood has A) antigen A on the RBCS B) anti-B agglutinins in the plasma. C) anti-A agglutinins on the red blood cells. D) A and B only E) B and C only - ANSD) A and B only

After entering the arm, the axillary artery becomes the _____ artery. A) radial B) digital C) ulnar D) brachial E) subclavian - ANSD) brachial An important artery that supplies blood to the brain is the A) maxillary B) external carotid artery. C) internal carotid D) azygos E) mental - ANSC) internal carotid An inflammatory response is triggered when A) red blood cells release pyrogens. B) neutrophils phagocytize bacteria. C) mast cells release histamine and heparin. D) blood flow to an area increases. E) T cells release interferon. - ANSC) mast cells release histamine and heparin. are chemical messengers that are released in one tissue and transported in the bloodstream to alter the activities of specific cells in other tissues. A) Neurotransmitters

B) Neuropeptides C) Hormones. D) Humoral antibodies E) none of the above - ANSC) Hormones. Arrange the four structures listed below into the order in which sperm pass from the testis to the urethral meatus

1. ductus deferens
2. urethra
3. ejaculatory duct
4. epididymis A) 4, 3, 1, B) 4, 1,3, 2 C) 1,3,4, 2 D) 1, 4, 3, 2 E) 4, 1,2,3 - ANSB) 4, 1,3, 2 bacteria, and bacterial toxins are Immunoglobulins that are most abundant and are responsible for resistance against many viruses, C)IgE. D) IgA B) IgD. A) IgG. E) IgM - ANSA) IgG.

Bile is stored in the A) liver. B) duodenum. C) appendix. D) gallbladder. E) pancreas. - ANSD) gallbladder. Blood flowing into the heart from the venae cavae flows next through the A) mitral B) tricuspid C) aortic semilunar D) bicuspid E) pulmonary semilunar - ANSB) tricuspid Blood pressure is highest here. A) venule B) artery C) arteriole D) capillary E vein - ANSB) artery Blood returning to the heart from the pulmonary circuit first enters the A) right ventricle.

B) left ventricle. C) conus arteriosus. D) left atrium. E) right atrium. - ANSD) left atrium. Blood returning to the heart from the systemic circuit first enters the A) left atrium. B) conus arteriosus, C) right atrium. D) right ventricle. E) left ventricle. - ANSC) right atrium. Boyle's law states that gas volume is A) directly proportional to temperature. B) directly proportional to pressure. C) inversely proportional to pressure. D) inversely proportional to temperature. E both A and B - ANSC) inversely proportional to pressure. Branches off the aortic arch include the A) left common carotid artery. B) brachiocephalic frunk. C) left subclavian artery. D) all of the above

E) B and C only - ANSD) all of the above Carbohydrate digestion begins in the A) esophagus. B) mouth. C) stomach. D) ileum. E) duodenum. - ANSB) mouth. Cells that help regulate the immune response are ____ cells. A) helper T B) NK C) plasma D) cytotoxic T E) B - ANSA) helper T Defense of the body against a particular pathogen is provided by A) immunological surveillance. B) fever. C) specific immunity. D) nonspecific immunity E) skin defenses. - ANSC) specific immunity. Depolarization of the ventricles is represented on an electrocardiogram by the

A) P wave. B) T wave C) ORS complex. D) PR complex. E)S wave - ANSC) ORS complex. During glycolysis A) two molecules of ATP are consumed B) a molecule of glucose is converted into two molecules of pyruvic acid. C) four molecules of ATP are produced. D) A and B only E) A, B, andC - ANSE) A, B, andC Each of the following organs is part of the urinary system, except the A) urinary bladder. B) rectum. C) urethra. D) ureter. E) kidney - ANSB) rectum. Endocrine cells A) are modified connective-tissue cells. B) contain few vesicles. C) release their secretions onto an epithelial surface.

D) are a type of nerve cell. E) release their secretions directly into body fluids. - ANSE) release their secretions directly into body fluids. Exchange between a blood vessel and the cells that surround it can occur only in A) arterioles. B) arteries. C) veins. D) venules. E) capillaries. - ANSE) capillaries. Follicle cells in the ovary secrete _______ when stimulated by FSH. A) inhibin B) estrogen C) gonadotropins D) progesterone E) testosterone - ANSB) estrogen Functions of the stomach include all of the following, except A) denaturation of proteins. B) absorption of triglycerides. C) initiation of protein digestion. D) storage of ingested food. E) mechanical breakdown of food. - ANSB) absorption of triglycerides.

Functions of the urinary system include A) regulation of blood volume and blood pressure. B) helping to stabilize blood pH. C) regulation of plasma concentration of certain ions. D) conservation of valuable nutrients E) all of the above - ANSE) all of the above Hormones can be divided into different groups based on their chemistry. These categories include A) amino acid derivatives. B) peptides. C) steroids. D) eicosanoids. E) all of the above - ANSE) all of the above Immunity that results from antibodies that pass placenta from mother to fetus is called ______ immunity. A) passive B) naturally acquired passive C) active D) innate E) auto - ANSB) naturally acquired passive In adults, the only site of red blood cell production, and the primary site of white blood cell formation, is the

A) liver. B) red bone marrow. C) spleen. D) yellow bone marrow. E) thymus. - ANSB) red bone marrow. In the electron transport chain A) reduced molecules transfer energy to ATP formation. B) oxidative phosphorylation leads to ATP formation. C) NADH and FADH2 donate hydrogen atoms. D) all of the above E) A and C only - ANSD) all of the above In the process of cellular respiration (glycolysis+ oxidative), each molecule of glucose that is metabolized yields enough energy to form molecules of ATP. A) 72 B) 2 C) D) 28 E) 36 - ANSE) 36 is a condition in which the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood is reduced A) Polycythemia B) Leukemia C) Leukopenia

D) Thrombocytopenia E) Anemia - ANSE) Anemia is the amount of air that moves into the respiratory system during a single respiratory cycle A) Residual volume B) Expiratory reserve volume C) Inspiratory reserve volume D) Inspiratory capacity E)Tidal volume - ANSE)Tidal volume is to slow heart rate as is to fast heart rate. A) Bradycardia; cardiomyopathy B) Tachycardia; bradycardia C) Cardiac tamponade; bradycardia D) Bradycardia; tachycardia E) none of the above - ANSD) Bradycardia; tachycardia Lymphocytes may be found in which of the following tissues or organs? A) thymus B) tonsils C) spleen D) lymph nodes E) all of the above - ANSE) all of the above

Most of the iron that is removed from degraded hemoglobin is A) excreted by the intestines. B) stored in yellow bone marrow. C) excreted by the liver. D) recycled to the red bone marrow. E) excreted by the kidneys. - ANSD) recycled to the red bone marrow. Most of the lymph returns to the venous circulation by way of the A) hepatic portal vein. B) right lymphatic duct. C) dural sinus. D) thoracic duct E) cisterna chyli - ANSD) thoracic duct Parietal cells secrete A) mucus. B) gastrin. C) enteropeptidase. D) hydrochloric acid. E) pepsinogen. - ANSD) hydrochloric acid. Plicae and intestinal villi A) carry products of digestion that will not pass through the walls of blood capillaries. B) produce hormones.

C) secrete digestive enzymes. D) increase the surface area of the mucosa of the small intestine. E) produce new cells for the mucosa of the small intestine - ANSD) increase the surface area of the mucosa of the small intestine. Proper growth requires which of these hormones? A) growth hormone B) calcitriol C) thyroid hormone D) insulin E) all of the above - ANSE) all of the above Sperm production occurs in the A) seminal glands (seminal vesicles). B) ductus deferens. C) rete testis. D) seminiferous tubules E) epididymis. - ANSD) seminiferous tubules Steroid hormones A) are transported in the blood dissolved in the plasma. B) cannot diffuse through cell membranes. C) remain in circulation for relatively short periods of time. D) are proteins.

E) bind to receptors in the nucleus of their target cells. - ANSE) bind to receptors in the nucleus of their target cells. system is composed of all of the following, except The lymphoid A) lymph. B) the venae cavae. C) lymph nodes. D) lymphatic vessels E) the spleen. - ANSB) the venae cavae. The _______ is the rounded portion of the uterine body superior to the attachment of the uterine tubes. A) myometrium B) internal os C) cervix D) body E) fundus - ANSE) fundus The actual sites of gas exchange within the lungs are A) bronchioles B) alveoli. C) pleural spaces. D) terminal bronchioles. E) interlobular septa. - ANSB) alveoli.

The bicuspid or mitral valve is located A) between the right atrium and right ventricle. B) between the left atrium and left ventricle. C)in the operning of the pulmonary trunk. D) in the opening of the aorta. E) where the venae cavae join the right atrium. - ANSB) between the left atrium and left ventricle. The body's nonspecific defenses include all of the following, except A) inflammation. B) complement. C) antibodies. D) the skin. E) interferon. - ANSC) antibodies. The carbon dioxide of respiration is formed durin A) glycolysis. B) the formation of water. C) the formation of pyruvic acid. D) the Krebs cycle. E) electron transport. - ANSD) the Krebs cycle. The cells directly responsible for cellular immunity are the _____ cells. A) plasma B) helper T

C) suppressor T D) cytotoxic T E) B - ANSD) cytotoxic T The cells responsible for the production of circulating immunoglobulins are cells A) NK B) plasma C) thymus D) liver E) helper T - ANSB) plasma The cells that perform immunological surveillance are the ____ cells. A) plasma B) NK C)B D) helper T E) suppressor T - ANSB) NK The crown of a tooth is covered by A) enamel. B) periodontium. C) cementum D) dentin. E) pulp. - ANSA) enamel.

The enzyme pepsin digests A) vitamins. B) carbohydrates C) proteins. D) nucleic acids. E) lipids. - ANSC) proteins. The external iliac artery branches to form the arteries. A) femoral and popliteal B) femoral and deep femoral C) tibial and popliteal D) radial and ulnar E) femoral and tibial - ANSB) femoral and deep femoral The first heart sound is heard when the A) AV valves open. B) blood enters the aorta. C) atria contract. D) AV valves close. E) semilunar valves close - ANSD) AV valves close. The first line of cellular defense against pathogens are the A) B cells.

B) phagocytes. C) plasma cells. D)T cells. E) NK cells. - ANSB) phagocytes. The following are structural components of the conducting system of the heart

1. Purkinje fibers
2. AV bundle
3. AV node
4. SA node
5. bundle branches The sequence in which excitation would move through this system is A) 3,5, 4, 2, 1. B) 4, 3, 2,5, 1. C) 4, 2,3, 5, 1. D) 3, 2, 4,5, 1. E) 1,4, 3, 2,5. - ANSB) 4, 3, 2,5, 1. The following is a list of vessels and structures that are associated with the heart.
6. right atrium
7. left atrium
8. right ventricle
9. left ventricle

5. venae cavae
6. aorta
7. pulmonary trunk
   8. pulmonary veins What is the correct order for the flow of blood entering from the systemic circulation? A) 1,7,3, 8, 2, 4, 6, 5 B) 5, 1,3, 8,7, 2, 4, 6 C) 5, 3, 1,7,8, 4, 2, 6 D) 5, 1,3,7,8, 2, 4, 6 E) 1, 2, 7, 8, 3, 4, 6, 5 - ANSD) 5, 1,3,7,8, 2, 4, 6 The glottis is A) part of the hard palate. B) the opening to the larynx. C) the soft tissue that hangs off the end of the soft palate. D) a flap of elastic cartilage. E) the opening to the pharynx. - ANSB) the opening to the larynx. The greater omentum is A) a fatty sheet that hangs like an apron over the abdominal viscera. B) important in the digestion of fats. C) attached to the stomach at the lesser curvature. D) the entrance to the stomach.

E) a sheet of mesentery that attaches to the liver. - ANSA) a fatty sheet that hangs like an apron over the abdominal viscera. The inferior portion of the uterus that projects into the vagina is the A) cervix. B) fundus. C) fornix. D) body E) isthmus - ANSA) cervix. The internal carotids and the basilar artery are interconnected by an anastomosis called the A) basal ring. B) external carotid artery. C) circle of willis. D) common carotid artery. E) arterial bypass - ANSC) circle of willis. The middle segment of the small intestine is the A) cecum. B) ileum. C) duodenum. D) pylorus. E) jejunum. - ANSE) jejunum.

The organ that provides mechanical protection and nutritional support for the developing embryo is the A) uterine tube. B) ovary C) uterus. D) vagina. E cervix - ANSC) uterus. The organ that transports the ovum to the uterus is the A) uterosacral ligament. B) myometrium. C) uterine tube. D) infundibulum. E) vagina. - ANSmyometrium. C) uterine tube. the output side to the input side of the cardiovascular flow circuit. Arrange the structures in the following list in the order that blood will encounter as it flows from

1. venules
2. arterioles 3.capillaries
3. elastic arteries
4. medium veins
5. large veins
6. muscular arteries

A) 7,4,2,3,1,5, 6

B) 2,7,6,3, 1,5, 6

C) 6,5, 1,3, 2,7,4

D) 4,7,2,3, 1,5, 6

E) 5, 6, 1,3, 2,7,4 - ANSD) 4,7,2,3, 1,5, 6

The P wave of the electrocardiogram is a signal from A) depolarization of the SA node. B) depolarization of the ventricles. C) repolarization of the atria. D) depolarization of the AV node. E) depolarization of the atria. - ANSE) depolarization of the atria. The portion of the nephron that empties into the collecting duct is the A) nephron loop (loop of Henle). B) proximal convoluted tubule. C) distal convoluted tubule. D) calyx. E) papillary tubule. - ANSC) distal convoluted tubule. The posterior pituitary gland secretes A) ACTH B) FSH.

C) MSH.

D) TSH.

E) ADH. - ANSE) ADH.

The primary function of the proximal convoluted tubule is A) secretion of acids and ammonia. B) filtration. C) adjusting the urine volume. D) absorption of ions, organic molecules, vitamins, and water. E) secretion of drugs. - ANSD) absorption of ions, organic molecules, vitamins, and water. The process of filtration occurs at A) the proximal convoluted tubule. B) the glomerular (Bowman's) capsule. C) the collecting duct. D) the distal convoluted tubule. E) the nephron loop (loop of Henle). - ANSB) the glomerular (Bowman's) capsule. The process of red blood cell production is called A) erythropenia. B) erythrocytosis C) hemocytosis. D) erythropoiesis E) hematopenia. - ANSD) erythropoiesis

The prominent ridges in the lining of the empty stomach are called A) plicae. B) cardia. C) rugae. D) villi. E) papillae. - ANSC) rugae. The pulmonary semilunar valve prevents backward flow into the A) right ventricle. B) aorta. C) left atrium. D) pulmonary trunk. E) pulmonary veins. - ANSA) right ventricle. The reproductive system A) nourishes gametes. B) produces gametes. C) stores and transports gametes. D) all of the above E) A and B only - ANSD) all of the above The special type of cell division required to produce gametes is called A) capacitation.

B) fertilization. C) mitosis. D) maturation. E) meiosis. - ANSE) meiosis. The spermatic cord is A) the external marking of the boundary between the two chambers of the scrotum. B) a narrow opening that links the scrotal chamber with the peritoneal cavity. C) a dense layer of connective tissue that surrounds the testis D) a layer of smooth muscle in the skin of the scrotal sac E) a bundle of tissue that contains the ductus deferens, blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatics that serve the testis. - ANSE) a bundle of tissue that contains the ductus deferens, blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatics that serve the testis. The sum of all of the biochemical processes going on within the human body at any given time is called A) oxidative phosphorylation. B) catabolism. C) metabolism. D) anabolism. E) glycolysis. - ANSC) metabolism. The T wave on an ECG tracing represents A) atrial repolarization. B) ventricular depolarization.