A&P 2 Straighterline Final Exam-with 100% verified solutions 2024-2025, Exams of Nursing

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A&P 2 Straighterline Final Exam-with 100% verified

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A decrease in blood oxygen stimulates which of the following? a. an increase in erythropoietin formation, which increases red blood cell production Antibodies are produced by which type of white blood cell? lymphocytes Which statement about the structure of the heart is accurate? b. The superior and inferior venae cavae enter the right atrium, and the pulmonary veins enter the left atrium. Which part of the cardiovascular system brings blood into the right atrium of the heart? c. superior vena cava Deoxygenated blood flows through the pulmonary structures in what order? d. pulmonary semilunar valve ⇒ pulmonary trunk ⇒ pulmonary arteries Oxygenated blood flows through the heart's structures in what order? b. bicuspid valve ⇒ left ventricle ⇒ aortic semilunar valve In the human body, veins are categorized according to size Which sequence correctly shows the direction of blood flow in the capillary network?

When do congenital heart diseases occur? b. at birth How does arteriosclerosis affect the circulatory system? c. It increases resistance to blood flow. Lymph consists of water and solutes derived from b. cell tissue and plasma. Which of these mechanisms is responsible for moving lymph through lymphatic vessels? b. contraction of skeletal muscles Which statement about diffuse lymphatic tissue is accurate? c. It is located superficial to mucous membranes. Which is a function of the lymphatic system? b. regulation of fluid balance What would happen if excess lymph remained in the interstitial fluid instead of entering the lymphatic capillaries? d. Edema would result, causing tissue damage and possibly death. In the body's defense system, specificity and memory are key characteristics of b. adaptive immunity. Which of these is an autoimmune disease?

d. systemic lupus erythematosus What is the first stage of HIV infection? b. A protein on the surface of the virus binds to a CD4 molecule on the cell surface. Which three organs make up the lower respiratory tract? d. trachea, bronchi, and lungs The process of moving air into and out of the lungs is called d. ventilation. In the human body, internal respiration is a gas exchange between the d. blood and the tissues. The inspiratory reserve volume for a young adult male is 3000 mL, the tidal volume is 500 mL, and the expiratory reserve volume is 1100 mL. What is the vital capacity? Select one: d. 4600 mL In the respiratory system, the muscles of inspiration include the diaphragm, the pectoralis minor, scalenes, and the a. external intercostals.

Which statement about the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve during exercise is correct? c. In the tissue, the curve shifts to the right; in the lungs, the curve shifts to the right. How does the partial pressure of oxygen within the alveoli normally compare with the partial pressure of oxygen in the blood flowing into the pulmonary capillaries? a. It is higher. Cystic fibrosis is best described as c. a genetic disorder that affects mucus secretions in ducts and tubes. Emphysema is characterized by a. the destruction of alveolar walls. In which portion of the digestive tract does digestion begin? c. mouth Dying blood cells are phagocytized by Kupffer cells in the Select one: c. liver. What is the process by which contractions of the esophageal muscles move food toward the stomach?

b. peristalsis Protein digestion begins in the Select one: d. stomach. An individual deficient for vitamin A would experience which set of symptoms? d. night blindness, retarded growth, and skin disorders Which organic compound contains the most kilocalories of energy per gram? elect one: a. fats Which sequence correctly shows the direction of food movement during digestion? d. esophagus ⇒ stomach ⇒ pyloric sphincter ⇒ duodenum What is produced by the goblet cells of the duodenal mucosa? d. protective mucus What is the effect of hydrochloric acid secretion into the stomach? Select one:

a. It kills bacteria in the food. What is the process by which large molecules are broken down into smaller molecules to release energy? Select one: c. catabolism Internally, the kidney is divided into the medulla and the cortex In which of the following regions of the nephron does active reabsorption of ions such as Na+, K+, and Cl- begin? Select one: a. distal convoluted tubule c. proximal convoluted tubule What type of arteriole supplies blood to the glomerulus? Select one: d. afferent In what part of the body is aldosterone produced? a. adrenal glands

The three main processes of urine production are filtration, tubular reabsorption, and Select one: d. tubular secretion. The pressure from filtrate accumulation in the Bowman capsule causes Select one: c. glomerular capillary pressure. An excessive amount of anaerobic cellular respiration and lactic acid buildup during exercise can result in a. metabolic acidosis. c. respiratory acidosis. When the pH of body fluids decreases, the kidney compensates by d. increasing the rate of both H+ secretion and HCO3- reabsorption. Sperm cells develop in what part of the body? b. seminiferous tubules In the female body, which structure is located at the posterior of the perineum? a. coccyx

Which of the following sexually-transmitted diseases is caused by a protozoan? Trichomoniasis Why must sperm cells and oocytes undergo meiosis during development? Select one: c. to reduce their chromosome number to haploid Which hormone is produced in the corpus luteum? Select one: c. progesterone Which of the following hormones is secreted by the outer layer of the developing embryo and keeps the corpus luteum from degenerating? d. Progesterone An embryo that has divided into three distinct cell layers is called a? elect one: c. gastrula. At what stage of prenatal development do the major organs form? embryonic Presbyopia is

a. the process of changing the shape of the lens. An arteriosclerotic blood vessel can best be described as inelastic A Pap test can detect early signs of b. cervical cancer. Which sexually transmitted disease is caused by a bacterium that attaches to the epithelial cells of the vagina or male urethra? elect one: a. gonorrhea