A&P II FINAL EXAM 2024 LATEST UPDATE EXPERT VERIFIED QUESTIONS WITH DETAILED ANSWERS, Exams of Nursing

Download A&P II FINAL EXAM 2024 LATEST UPDATE EXPERT VERIFIED QUESTIONS WITH DETAILED ANSWERS and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! A&P II FINAL EXAM 2024 LATEST UPDATE EXPERT VERIFIED QUESTIONS WITH DETAILED ANSWERS| ALREADY GRADED A| GUARANTEED PASS| REAL Normal heart sounds are caused by which of the following events? A. closure of the heart valves B. friction of blood against the chamber walls C. contraction of ventricular muscle D. excitation of the SA node A. closure of the heart valves The left ventricular wall of the heart is thicker than the right wall in order to . A. pump blood with greater pressure B. pump blood through a smaller valve C. Expand the thoracic cage during diastole D. accommodate a greater volume of blood A. pump blood with greater pressure The P wave of a normal electrocardiogram indications . A. ventricular repolarization B. atrial depolarization C. ventricular depolarization D. atrial repolarization B. atrial depolarization Blood within the pulmonary veins returns to the . A. left atrium B. right atrium C. left ventricle D. right ventricle A. left atrium Small muscle masses attached to the chordae tendineae are the . A. venae cavae B. pectinate muscles C. trabeculae carneae D. papillary muscles D. papillary muscles If cardiac muscle is deprived of its normal blood supply, damage would primarily result from . A. a decrease in the number of available mitochondria for energy production B. an inadequate supply of lactic acid C. a lack of nutrients to feed into the metabolic pathways D. decreased delivery of oxygen D. decreased delivery of oxygen The pericardial cavity . A. is another name for the chambers of the heart B. is a space between a fibrous pericardium and the serous pericardium C. contains a lubricating fluid called serous fluid D. is the region of the dorsal cavity that contains the heart C. contains the lubricating fluid called serous fluid Which of the following might trigger erythropoiesis? A. Moving to a lower altitude B. decreased tissue demand for oxygen C. hypoxia of EPO-producing cells D. an increased number of RBC's C. hypoxia of EPO-producing cells As red blood cells age . A. iron will be excreted by the kidneys B. ATP production increases C. membranes "wear out" and the cells become damaged D. they will eventually be excreted by the digestive system C. membranes "wear out" and the cells become damaged Select the correct statement regarding blood cell formation. A. Yellow marrow is the main site of leukocyte formation B. Before the seventh month of fetal development, yellow marrow is the main site of blood cell formation C. Red marrow is the main site of blood cell formation throughout adult life D. The main sites of blood cell production in adults are the spleen and the liver C. Red marrow is the main site of blood cell formation throughout adult life The slowest step in the clotting process is . A. formation of prothrombin activator Which statement best describes arteries? A. all carry blood away from the heart B. all contain valves to prevent the backflow of blood C. all carry oxygenated blood to the heart D. only large arteries are lined with endothelium A. all carry blood away from the heart Which tunic of an artery contains endothelium? A. tunica externa B. tunica intima C. basement membrane D. tunica media B. tunica intima Permitting the exchange of nutrients and gasses between the blood and tissue cells is the primary function of . A. arteries B. veins C. arterioles D. capillaries D. capillaries Which of the following is likely during vigorous exercise? A. capillaries of the active muscles will be engorged with blood B. blood flow to the kidneys increases C. the skin will be cold and clammy D. blood will be diverted to the digestive organs A. capillaries of active muscles will be engorged with blood Which of the following is true about veins? A. venous valves are formed from the tunica media. B. veins are called capacitance vessels or blood reservoirs C. Veins have a small lumen in relation to the thickness of the vessel wall D. up to 35% of total body blood is in venous circulation at any given time B. veins are called capacitance vessels or blood reservoirs Which of the following is not one of the three main factors influencing blood pressure? A. blood volume B. cardiac output C. emotional state D. peripheral resistance C. emotional state Which tunic of an artery is most responsible for maintaining blood pressure and continuous blood circulation? A. tunica externa B. basement membrane C. tunica intima D. tunica media D. tunica media The velocity of blood flow . A. is slower in the arteries than capillaries since they possess a relatively large diameter B. is slower in the veins than in the capillaries since veins have a large diameter C. is slowest in the capillaries since the total cross-sectional area is the greatest D. is in direct proportion to the total cross-sectional are of the blood vessels C.is the slowest in the capillaries since the total cross-sectional area is the greatest T or F, the outermost layer of a blood vessel is the tunica intima. False T or F, vasodilation is a widening of the lumen due to smooth muscle contraction False T or F, the pulmonary circulation does not directly serve the metabolic needs of body tissues. True T or F, an obstruction in the superior vena cava would decrease the flow of blood from the head and neck to the heart. True T or F, an increase in blood viscosity will cause an increase in peripheral resistance True Small organs associated with lymphatic vessels are termed . A. cisterna chyli B. axillary nodes C. lymph nodes D. lymph follicles C. lymph nodes Which of the following would not be classified as a lymphatic structure? A. peyer's patches of the intestine B. tonsiles C. pancreas D. spleen C. pancreas Both lymph and venous blood flow are heavily dependent on . A. contraction of the vessels themselves B. the pumping action of the heart C. skeletal muscle contractions and differences in thoracic pressures due to respiratory movement D. two-way valves C. skeletal muscle contractions and differences in thoracic pressures due to respiratory movement The thymus is most active during . A. childhood B. fetal development C. middle age D. old age A. childhood Which lymphatic structure drains lymph from the right upper limb and the right side of the head and thorax? A. right lymphatic duct B. thoracic duct C. cisterna chyli D. lumbar trunk A. right lymphatic duct A ring of lymphoid tissue that appears as a swelling of the mucosa in the oral cavity is called a(n) ? A. peyer's patch B. thymus C. tonsil D. appendix C. tonsil Which of the following is not a normal component of lymph? A. ions B. plasma proteins C. red blood cells D. water C. red blood cells A. agglutination B. chemotaxis C. opsonization D. diapedesis C. phagocytosis The innate immune system defenses included . A. plasma cells B. B cells C. phagocytosis D. T cells C. phagocytosis Helper T cells . A. bind tightly to target cells and release a lymphotoxin called perforin. B. function in the adaptive immune system activation C. directly kill infected cells D. often function to decrease the immune response B. function in the adaptive immune system activation T or F, the mechanism of the "lethal hit" of cytotoxic T cells involves a protein called perforin. True T or F, cellular ingestion and destruction of particulate matter is called phagocytosis. True T or F, the respiratory burst produced by some macrophages releases free radicals. True T or F, the directional movement of cells in response to chemicals is called chemotaxis. True T or F, adaptive immunity is provided only by lymphocytes that secrete antibodies. False The walls of the alveoli are composed of two types of cells, type I and type II. the function of type II is . A. to replace mucus in the alveoli B. to trap dust and other debris C. to protect thelungs from bacterial invasion D. to secrete surfactant B. to trap dust and other debris The pleurae are vital to the integrity of the lungs because . A. they produce a lubricating serous secretion, allowing the lungs to glide over the thorax wall during breathing. B. they control the volume of the lungs C. they contain cilia that protect the lungs D. they maintain the proper temperature of the lungs during sleep A. they produce a lubricating serous secretion, allowing the lungs to glide over the thorax wall during breathing Intrapulmonary pressure is the . A. negative pressure in the intrapleural space B. pressure within the alveoli of the lungs C. pressure within the pleural cavity D. difference between atmospheric pressure and respiratory pressure D. difference between atmospheric pressure and respiratory pressure For gas exchange to be efficient, the respiratory membrane must be . A. at least 3 micrometers thick B. 0.5 to 1 micrometer thick C. the thickness of the respiratory membrane is not important in the efficiency of gas exchange D. between 5 and 6 micrometers thick B. 0.5 to 1 micrometer thick The most powerful respiratory stimulus for breathing in a healthy person is . A. pH (acidosis) B. increase of carbon dioxide C. loss of oxygen in tissues D. pH (alkalosis) B. increase in carbon dioxide Nerve impulses from will result in inspiration. A. the preoptic nucleus of the hypothalamus B. Broca's center C. the ventral respiratory group D. the chemoreceptor center C. the ventral respiratory group Which of the following is not an event necessary to supply the body with O2 and dispose of CO2? A. internal respiration B. external respiration C. blood pH adjustment D. pulmonary ventilation C. blood pH adjustment Tidal volume is air . A. remaining in the lungs after forced expiration B. forcibly expelled after normal expiration C. inhaled after normal inspiration D. exchanged during normal breathing D. exchanged during normal breathing Since the lungs are filled with fluid during fetal life, which of the following statements is true regarding respiratory exchange? A. respiratory exchanges are not necessary B. respiratory exchange are made through the ductus arteriosus C. respiratory exchanges are made through the placenta D. since the lungs develop later in gestation, fetuses do not need a mechanism for respiratory exchange D. since the lungs develop later in gestation, fetuses do not need a mechanism for respiratory exchange The amount of air that can be inspired above the tidal volume is called . A. inspiratory capacity B. vital capacity C. expiratory reserve D. reserve air A. inspiratory capacity Which of the following provide the greatest surface area for gas exchange? A. alveoli B. alveolar sacs C. alveolar ducts D. respiratory bronchioles D. respiratory bronchioles The nose serves all of the following functions except . A. cleansing the air B. as the initiator of the cough reflex C. as a passageway for air movement D. warming and humidifying the air B. as the initiator of the cough reflex The erythrocyte count increases after a while when an individual goes from a low to a high altitude because . A. the concentration of oxygen and/or total atmospheric pressure is higher at higher altitudes B. Na+ C. glucose D. K+ A. creatinine Alcohol acts as a diuretic because it . A. increases secretion of ADH B. increases the rate of glomerular filtration C. inhibits the release of ADH D. is not reabsorbed by the tubule cells C. inhibits the release of ADH Place the following in correct sequence from the formation of a drop of urine to its elimination from the body. 1. major calyx 2. minor calyx 3. nephron 4. urethra 5. ureter 6. collecting duct A. 2, 1,4 6,5, 4 B. 3, 6, 2, 1, 5, 4 C. 6, 3, 2, 1, 5,4 D. 3, 1, 2, 6, 5,4 B. 3, 6, 2, 1, 5, 4 Which statement is true about urine? A. urine has nitrogenous waste such as urea and uric acid. B. urine has yellow color due to the presence of hemoglobin C. urine is usually slightly alkaline D. urine has an ammonialike odor when fresh A. urine has nitrogenous waste such as urea and uric acid. Which statement is correct? A. the excretion of sodium ions is one of the mechanisms that maintains the pH balance of the blood B. most of the water passing through the kidney is eliminated as urine C. reabsorption of water is hormonally controlled D. normal filtrate contains a large amount of protein C. reabsorption of water is hormonally controlled T or F, the functional unit of the kidney is the renal column. False T or F, the terminal portion of the urinary system is the urethra True T or F, in the absence of hormones, the distal tubule and collecting ducts are relatively impermeable to water True The term hypotonic hydration refers to . A. the feeling one might have after a long swim B. a condition that may result from renal insufficiency or drinking extraordinary amounts of water C. the unpleasant feeling people have after drinking too much liquor D. a condition that is caused by high levels of sodium in the extracellular fluid compartment B. a condition that may result from renal insufficiency or drinking extraordinary amounts of water A falling blood pH and a rising partial pressure of carbon dioxide due to pneumonia or emphysema indicates . A. repiratory alkalosis B. metabolic alkalosis C. metabolic acidosis D. respiratory acidosis D. respiratory acidosis Chemical buffering systems of the body may include . A. phosphate B. ammonia C. sodium hydroxide D. hydrochloric acid A. phosphate Extracellular fluid in the human body is composed of all of the following except . A. blood plasma B. glucose C. lypmh and interstitial fluid D. cerebrospinal fluid B. glucose Which of the following hormones is important in stimulating water conversation in the kidneys? A. aldersterone B. atrial natriuretic peptide C. antidiuretic hormone D. thymosin C. antidiuretic hormone The total body water is divided into intracellular and extracellular fluids. Plasma is considered . A. extracellular B. lymph C. interstitial D. intracellular A. extracellular One of the major physiological factors that triggers thirst is . A. drinking caffeinated beverages B. a dry mouth from high temperatures C. becoming overly agitated D. a rise in plasma osmolality D. a rise in plasma osmolality Annie has just eaten a large order of heavily salted french fired, some pickled eggs, and some cheese. How will consuming this much salt affect her physiology? A. there will be a temporary increase a blood volume B. it will increase the osmality of the blood C. she will experience hypotension D. there will be a shift in the pH of her body fluids to the higher side of the pH scale A. there will be a temporary increase a blood volume Which of the following does not depend on the presence of electrolytes? A. maintenance of osmotic relations between cells and ECF B. neuromuscular excitability C. amount of body fat D. membrane polarity C. amount of body fat T or F, it is impossible to overhydrate because people need as much water as they can drink to carry out ordinary body functions. False T or F, hypoproteinemia reflect a condition of unusally high levels of plasma proteins and causes tissue edema. False T or F, the normal pH of blood is 7.4. True T or F, respiratory acidosis results when lungs are obstructed and gas exchange is inefficient. C. A. D. B12 D. B12 Chemical digestion reduces large complex molecules to simpler compounds by the process of . A. anabolism B. mastication C. fermentation D. catabolism D. catabolism The terminal portion of the small intestine is known as the . A. duodenum B. pyloric sphincter C. jejunum D. ileum D. ileum The function of the goblet cells is to . A. secrete buffers in order to keep pH of the digestive tract close to neutral. B. produce mucus that protects parts of the digestive organs from the effects of powerful enzymes needed for food digestion C. provide protection against invading bacteria and other disease-causing organisms that enter the digestive tract in food D. absorb nutrients from digested food and store them for future use B. produce mucus that protects parts of the digestive organs from the effects of powerful enzymes needed for food digestion The fluid secreted into the small intestine during digestion that contains cholesterol, emulsification agents, and phospholipids is . A. gastric juice B. pancreatic juice C. bile D. intestinal juice C. bile The ingestion of a meal high in fat content would cause which of the following to occur? A. severe indigestion would occur, caused by the lack of sufficient digestive enzymes B. this type of food would cause secretion of gastrin to cease, causing digestive upset C. the acid secretions form the stomach would be sufficient to digest this food D. bile would be released from the gallbladder to emulsify the fat in the duodenum D. bile would be released from the gallbladder to emulsify the fat in the duodenum There are some 20 known pathogens found in the large intestine; our Ig antibody- mediated response restricts them from going beyond the mucosa and causing problems. A. M B. A C. D D. E B. A T or F, Leukemia refers to the cancerous conditions of white blood cells. True T or F, the RBC "graveyard" is the liver. False T or F, each heme contains an atom of iron that can transport one molecule of oxygen. True T or F, positive chemotaxis is a feedback system that signals leukocyte migration into damaged areas. True