Study with the several resources on Docsity
Earn points by helping other students or get them with a premium plan
Prepare for your exams
Study with the several resources on Docsity
Earn points to download
Earn points by helping other students or get them with a premium plan
Community
Ask the community for help and clear up your study doubts
Discover the best universities in your country according to Docsity users
Free resources
Download our free guides on studying techniques, anxiety management strategies, and thesis advice from Docsity tutors
A list of questions and answers related to respiratory diseases and treatments. It covers topics such as acute bronchitis, community-acquired pneumonia, smoking cessation, and COPD. information on diagnosis, treatment guidelines, and common drugs used for each condition. It also includes tips on how to manage COPD exacerbation and how to diagnose and treat asthma. useful for healthcare professionals who want to prepare for the AANP board certification exam or for students studying respiratory diseases.
Typology: Exams
1 / 10
how long will a cough last for acute bronchitis? - Correct Answers ✅up to three weeks is completely normal how do you treat acute bronchitis? - Correct Answers ✅95% cases are viral-- tessalon pearls to help with cough. ** prednisone is never the answer *** explain the following views of chest xrays: AP, PA, PA and lateral which one do you want for pneumonia patient? - Correct Answers ✅AP- shows the heart predominantly because its from front to back PA- shows the lungs predominantly because its back to front lateral shows fluid line what is the gold standard for diagnosing community acquired pneumonia - Correct Answers ✅chest xray- PA/lateral, repeat post treatment in 6 weeks (repeat not really done anymore) treatment guidelines for CAP- healthy adult no comorbidities - Correct Answers ✅MAD LUNG amoxicillin 1 gram TID (best choice) doxycycline 100 mg twice daily macrolide (mycin) in areas with low macrolide resistance so not the best choice
treatment guidelines for CAP- adult with comorbidities - Correct Answers ✅monotherapy: respiratory quinolone (levofloxacin 750 mg daily) combination therapy: augmentin or cephalosporin PLUS macrolide or doxy what are common respiratory fluroquinolones? - Correct Answers ✅Think FLOXACIN-- moxifloxacin, gemifloxacin, levofloxacin what are common macrolides for CAP - Correct Answers ✅think "MYCIN" -- azithromycin, clarithromycin what are common tetracyclines for CAP - Correct Answers ✅doxycycline what are common beta lactams for CAP - Correct Answers ✅amoxicillin, augmentin (amox with clav), cefpodoxime, cefuroxime how would you treat a pregnant 29 year old with pneumonia? - Correct Answers ✅Amoxicillin 1 g TID-- cant give levaquine (flouroquinolones no in pregnancy due to fetal ligament destruction, doxycycline no in pregnancy stains tooth bones in fetus)
how long do you give antibiotics to patient with pneumonia? - Correct Answers ✅5-10 days, you always want to continue antibiotics for 3 more days after clinically stable (no fever) When do you get a chest xray for pneumonia? - Correct Answers ✅it is the gold standard for diagnosis, you do not need to do resolution chest xray unless things are lingering or you suspect something else. When do you give pneumococcal vaccine? - Correct Answers ✅adults > 65 years old you give PPSV23 or you can give both PCV 13 and PPSV but must be 1 year apart adults > 65 with immunocompromising condition give both pcv 13 and ppsv adults 19-64 at increased risk of pneumococcal disease (asthma, copd, smokers, cv dz) - give PPSV23 only adults 19-64 with asplenia, cochlear implants, csf leak-- give pCV NOW then PPSV23 in 8 weeks , then PPSV23 in 5 years. What is the diagnostic criterion for COPD - Correct Answers ✅FEV1/FVC ratio of < 0. What are characteristics of COPD - Correct Answers ✅midlife onset, symptoms slowly progressive, exposure to lung irritant, DOE is progressive, chronic cough and chronic sputum production
what are characteristics of asthma - Correct Answers ✅onset early in life, symptoms vary widely from day to day, symptoms worse at nighttime/early AM, allergic rhinitis, eczema, family history, obesity what are characteristics of heart failure (when evaluating diff dx of COPD) - Correct Answers ✅chest xray with dilated heart, pulmonary edema what are characteristics of tuberculosis when ruling out for COPD patient - Correct Answers ✅onset all ages, chest xray with lung infiltrate, microbiologic confirmation what are the characteristics of bronchiectasis - Correct Answers ✅LOTS OF PURULENT SPUTUM, chest xray shows bronchial wall thickening and bronchial dilation What intervention has the greatest influence on slowing progression of a COPD patient? - Correct Answers ✅smoking cessation!! what are first line smoking cessation drugs? (3) - Correct Answers ✅varenicline (chantix), nicotine patch, buproprion extended release (zyban)
what is second line smoking cessation drug? - Correct Answers ✅sertraline (zoloft) what smoking cessation drug would you give to someone with a history of a suicide attempt? - Correct Answers ✅nicotine patch-- NOT CHANTIX OR ZYBAN What are the short acting beta agonists - Correct Answers ✅albuterol, levalbuterol what are the long acting beta agonists - Correct Answers ✅"terols" Salmeterol Formoterol How do inhaled anticholinergic drugs work? - Correct Answers ✅used in COPD, prevent bronchoconstriction how do beta agonists work? - Correct Answers ✅stimulate beta 1 (tachycardia) and beta 2 (bronchodilation) what is the suffix for inhaled anti-cholinergic drugs? - Correct Answers ✅"tropium" think ipratropium (atrovent) SHORT ACTING, tiotropium (spiriva) long acting
What is a SAMA? - Correct Answers ✅short acting antimuscarinic (anticholinergic) - Ipratropium what is a LAMA? - Correct Answers ✅long acting muscarinic antagonist (anticholinergic) Tiotropium (spiriva) what are the 4 steps of GOLD guidelines - Correct Answers ✅1) SABA or SAMA prn
left supraventricular nodes signal what malignancies? - Correct Answers ✅abnormal (stomach, GB, liver, pancreas, ovaries, prostate) us preventive services task force routine lung cancer screening recommends what annual screening for current smokers aged 55- with 30 pack year history or have quit within the last 15 years? - Correct Answers ✅annual low dose CT (LDCT) how do you diagnose asthma > 5 years of age: - Correct Answers ✅presence of asthma features reversible airway obstruction on spirometry
12% improvement from baseline or FEV1 > 200 ml after SABA How do you treat asthma? - Correct Answers ✅saba always as rescue inhaler Step wise approach (GINA) Low dose ICS then ICS + LABA increase dosage strength acute bronchitis classic case symptoms - Correct Answers ✅cough that keeps awake at night
dry cough but may be productive low grade fever or chest pain with cough wheezing and rhonchi median duration of cough is 18 days up to 3 weeks history of a cold before onset of symptoms objective findings in acute bronchitis - Correct Answers ✅lungs: clear to severe wheezing, rhonchi percussion: resonant CXR: normal afebrile to low grade fever treatment plan for bronchitis - Correct Answers ✅symptomatic treatment- increas fluids and rest tessalon perles, expectorant / mucolytic (guaifenesin) ventolin (albuterol) for wheezing for severe wheezing consider short term oral steroid complications of acute bronchitis - Correct Answers ✅exacerbation of asthma pneumonia from secondary bacterial infection
pertussis "whooping cough" - Correct Answers ✅caused by bordetella pertussis (gram negative) coughing illness at least 14 days paroxysmal coughing, inspiratory whooping neonates / infants at highest risk for death three stages of pertussis - Correct Answers ✅catarrhal 1-2 weeks, if treated at this stage can shorten disease course paroxysmal: lasts 2-4 weeks, treatment has little influence but is useful to decrease spread convalescent: treatment goal is to eradicate carriage state / disease spread how to diagnose pertussis - Correct Answers ✅nasopharyngeal swab for culture - collect at 0-2 weeks following cough PCR may provide accurate results up to 4 weeks Pertussis antibodies by ELISA CBC with elevated WBCs and marked lymphocytosis cxr should be negative how to treat pertussis - Correct Answers ✅administer a course of antibiotics to close contacts iwthin 3 weeks of exposure first line: macrolides - azithromycin z pack x 5 days
alternative bactrim x 14 days antitussives, mucolytics, rest, hydration, frequent small meals complications of pertussis - Correct Answers ✅sinusitis, otitis media, pneumonia, fainting, rib fractures from coughing signs of pulmonary embolism - Correct Answers ✅new onset dyspnea, hemoptysis, pleuritic chest pain, vital signs with tachycardia, tachypnea, may have signs of DVT