AANP Certification Exam Questions with 100% Correct Answers | Verified | Updated 2025, Exams of Laboratory Practices and Management

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AANP Certification Exam Questions with 100% Correct Answers | Verified | Updated 2025 diverticulum can be an infection of - ✔✔both gram - and + bacteria Which diuretic should be used for osteoporosis? - ✔✔Thiazide diuretics: slows the kidneys excretion of calcium and increases reabsorption Lachman maneuver - ✔✔knee instability tear of ACL Infections of labia and vagina - ✔✔bacterial vaginosis, candidiasis, and trichomoniasis Chlamydia affects - ✔✔cervix, endometrial lining, fallopian tubes, pelvic cavity Acute abdomen symptoms - ✔✔involuntary guarding, rebound tenderness, board-like abdomen, +obturator and psoas sign Care of preecplampsia - ✔✔bed rest, weight and blood pressure monitoring Preeclampsia labs - ✔✔urine protein, serum protein, creatinine, platelet count Preeclampsia symptoms - ✔✔hypertension, proteinuria, edema (weight gain) Preeclampsia complications - ✔✔placental abruption, coagulopathy (DIC), renal failure, uteroplacental insufficiency, liver failure, hypertensive encephalopathy, retinal detachment, pulmonary edema, seizure, death community acquired pneumonia Most common bacteria least common bacteria Population treatment - ✔✔mycolpasma pneumoniae (atypical) h. influenza, strep pneumoniae atypical: psuedomonas aeruginosa college student, school children, military semilunar valves - ✔✔pulmonary and aortic S1 - ✔✔systole closure of AV valves mitral regurgitation aortic stenosis S2 - ✔✔diastole closure of semilunar valves mitral stenosis aortic regurgitation S3 - ✔✔normal variant in children, healthy young adults, and athletes heart failure early diastole S4 - ✔✔left ventricle hypertrophy late diastole Tanner Stages Males: II - ✔✔no changes to penis, testes enlarge Pubic hair is sparse and straight Tanner Stages Males: III - ✔✔penis lengthens hair darker and starts to curl Tanner Stages Males: IV - ✔✔penis increases in length and width hair coarse, not yet on medial thigh Tanner Stages Females: II - ✔✔breast buds pubic hair sparse and straight Tanner Stages Females: III - ✔✔breast tissue and areola in one mound hair darker, starts to curl Tanner Stages Females: IV - ✔✔areola separates and forms a secondary mound hair coarse, not on medial thigh yet TORCH infections - ✔✔Toxoplasmosis Other Rubella Cytomegalovirus Herpes osteoarthritis vs rheomatoid arthritis - ✔✔OA: stiffness, heberden's nodes, increase age, overuse, family history RA: relies more on labs, increased ESR, Bouchard's nodes, fatigue, fever, body aches drawer test - ✔✔instability of the knee mediolateral and anteroposterior plane torn or ruptured ligament small white papules inside the cheeks by rear molars treponema pallidum symptoms - ✔✔syphilis painless chancre, maculopapular rash on palms and soles, lymphadenopathy, condyloma acata hCG is produced by - ✔✔placenta after implantation majority of AFP is produced by - ✔✔fetal liver Inevitable abortion - ✔✔bleeding and cramping/pain with cervical dilation but no passage of tissue incomplete abortion - ✔✔moderate to diffuse vaginal bleeding, passage of tissue, painful uterine cramping or contractions MMR and pregnancy - ✔✔contraindicated wait 4 weeks before becoming pregnant Positive signs of pregnancy - ✔✔ultrasound, auscultation of fetal HR with doppler Probable signs of pregnancy - ✔✔detected by examiner blood and urine tests, Chadwick's sign, Goodell's sign, Hegar's sign, enlarged uterus Presumptive signs of pregnancy - ✔✔felt by woman amenorrhea, nausea, breast tenderness, deepening pigmentation, urinary frequency, quickening, fatigue testing HPV - ✔✔lesions will turn white with application of acetic acid OCD treatment - ✔✔SSRI first step for dementia assessment - ✔✔history from family and friends Phalen maneuver - ✔✔Tests carpel tunnel syndrome, pinches median nerve chronic cough causes - ✔✔postnasal drip, asthma, GERD, chronic bronchitis, bronchiectasis, allergic rhinitis Aspirin effect on platelets - ✔✔irreversible, can last 15-20 days Chromolyn sodium inhaler - ✔✔prevent symptoms of asthma Rovsign's sign - ✔✔acute abdomen palpate deep LLQ, referred pain to RLQ cauda equina - ✔✔caused by compression of lumbar, sacral, or coccygeal nerve roots loss of bladder and bowel control paralysis/numbness of legs cause: disc herniation. abscess, tumor, inflammation order MRI Cafe au lait spots - ✔✔Smooth edged tan-to-brown pigmentations on the skin seen in neurofibromatosis or von Recklinghausen's papilledema - ✔✔swelling of the optic disc caused by increased ICP usually bilateral enlarged blind spot on visual field test Fundoscopic exam - ✔✔The use of an ophthalmoscope to look through the pupil and examine the interior surface of the posterior eye visualizes vessels and assess intracranial tension recommended for new onset headache - ✔✔fundoscopic exam red reflex exam - ✔✔used to assess for cataracts Leukoplakia - ✔✔thickened, white, leathery-looking spots on the inside of the mouth from chronic tobacco use retinoblastoma fundoscopic exam - ✔✔white reflection on pupil high vitamin K levels effect with coumadin - ✔✔decrease INR HELLP syndrome - ✔✔hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelets complication of preeclampsia multipara, >25, 3rd trimester RUQ pain, n/v, malaise low H/H low AFP - ✔✔Down syndrome order triple screen high AFP - ✔✔indicates neural tube defects, multiple gestation order triple screen or sonogram HCG doubles every - ✔✔48 hours during the first 12 weeks ectopic pregnancy HCG level - ✔✔lower levels inevitable abortion HCG level - ✔✔starts decreasing rapidly drawer sign - ✔✔knee instability, torn/ruptured ligament anterior: ACL posterior: PCL Finklestein's test - ✔✔Test for de Quervain's syndrome McMurray Test - ✔✔medial meniscus hear a click acute angle closure glaucoma - ✔✔sudden unilateral eye pain, redness, dilated oval shaped pupil with poor light response Most common risk factor for developing hyperbilirubinemia in newborn - ✔✔blood incompatibility with the mother Sports physical: limitations for participation - ✔✔hypertyrophic cardiomyopathy down syndrome juvenile RA marfan syndrome ehers-danlos infections rheumatic fever mitral valve prolapse Mono vs group a strep pharyngitis - ✔✔Mono: gradual, fatigue, LUQ pain Strep: sudden, white patches, red throat Grade I heart murmur - ✔✔only heard in optimal conditions Grade II heart murmur - ✔✔clearly audible but faint Grade III heart murmur - ✔✔loud, easily heard with stethoscope Grade IV heart murmur - ✔✔loud, associated with thrill Grade V heart murmur - ✔✔very loud, thrill easily palpable heard with edge of stethoscope off chest Grade VI heart murmur - ✔✔very loud, audible even with stethoscope not on chest, thrill palpable and visible BPH symptoms clinical findings - ✔✔weak urinary stream, post-void dribbling, feeling of incomplete emptying, urinary retention, nocturia prostate feels boggy and uniformly enlarged Initial assessment of depression in geriatric patients - ✔✔mental status exam Risk factors for post menopausal osteoporosis - ✔✔history of tobacco or alcohol use family history thin, bony chronic steroid use anorexia, bulimia PPI use decreased intake of calcium and vitamin D sedentary lifestyle gastric bypass celiac disease hyperthyroidism ankylosing spondylitis RA lab frequency when changing synthroid dose - ✔✔6 weeks labs with stable synthroid dose - ✔✔6-12 months best medication for hypertension with diabetic patients - ✔✔ACE inhibitor treatment of retentive encopresis - ✔✔laxative protocol if no improvement: refer to GI rhogam administration after spontaneous abortion - ✔✔72 hours when can infants have solid foods? - ✔✔6 months first line treatment of parkinson's - ✔✔sinemet treatment of otitis media - ✔✔Amoxicillin PCN allergy: cefidinir Treatment of cat bites - ✔✔Augmentin treatment of anthrax - ✔✔Ciprofloxacin and doxycycline Asthma Step 1 - ✔✔intermittent FEV1>80% daytime symptoms <2 days/week nighttime awakenings <2/month SABA PRN Asthma Step 2 - ✔✔mild persistent FEV1>80% daytime symptoms >2 days/week, not daily nighttime awakenings 3-4/month SABA PRN Asthma Step 3 - ✔✔moderate persistent FEV1: 60-80% daytime symptoms nighttime awakenings >1/week, not nightly SABA PRN PLUS low dose ICS + LABA or medium dose ICS Advair, symbicort combo Steroids: budesonide (pulmicort) or fluticasone (flovent) Asthma Step 4 - ✔✔sever persistent FEV1 <60% symptoms throughout the day nighttime awakenings nightly SABA PRN PLUS medium dose ICS + LABA physiological jaundice - ✔✔caused by build up of unconjugated bilirubin because the infant's immature live cannot metabolize and excrete it quickly enough starts 2nd-4th day phototherapy is usually not indicated pathological jaundice - ✔✔occurs before 24 hours and may indicate early hemolysis most common type of jaundice - ✔✔physiological Koilonychia - ✔✔spoon shaped nails in iron deficiency anemia pernicious anemia - ✔✔a macrocytic (high MCV) normochromic (normal MCHC) megaloblastic characterized by an inadequate supply of vitamin B12, causing red blood cells to become large, varied in shape, and reduced in number diagnostic: increased antiparietal antibodies Tetanus vaccine - ✔✔given in adults every 10 years DPT and DT should not be given beyond 7 years side effects: induration at the injection site blood pressure goal for patients with CKD, any age - ✔✔less than 140/90 Blood pressure treatment for patients with CKD - ✔✔ACE inhibitors, ARBs, alone or in combination with another drug class visual fields by confrontation test is used to evaluate - ✔✔peripheral vision Snellen chart is used to evaluate - ✔✔central vision Tonometer is used to assess - ✔✔glaucoma Ophthalmoscope is used to test - ✔✔cataracts Macule - ✔✔flat, nonraised lesion on the skin freckle, petechiae, flat birthmark Papules - ✔✔raised, erythemic lesions of the skin acne tetanus vaccine booster recommendation for recent injuries - ✔✔if it has been more than 5 years since the last dose cranial nerve I - ✔✔Olfactory (smell) cranial nerve II - ✔✔Optic - distance and near vision cranial nerve III - ✔✔Oculomotor extraocular movements, visual fields of gaze cranial nerve IV - ✔✔Trochlear cranial nerve XI - ✔✔spinal accessory Test trapezius muscle strength: shrug the shoulders against resistance Test sternocleidomastoid strength: turn the head to each side with resistance cranial nerve XII - ✔✔Hypoglossal movement of most of the muscles in your tongue primary prevention - ✔✔Efforts to prevent an injury or illness from ever occurring. secondary prevention - ✔✔Efforts to limit the effects of an injury or illness that you cannot completely prevent. tertiary prevention - ✔✔actions taken to contain damage once a disease or disability has progressed beyond its early stages physical rehab (swimming) cardiac rehab speech therapy ptosis - ✔✔drooping of the upper eyelid cluster headaches - ✔✔Severe, unilateral, periorbital or temporal area last from 15 minutes to 3 hours Lacrimation, rhinorrhea, ptosis, miosis, eyelid edema Occur in clusters with 1-8xper day for 4-6 weeks 8:1 men predominance treat with 100% oxygen at 12 L/min beta thalasemia minor - ✔✔genetic disorder, common in mediterranean countries- greece and italy diagnostic test: hgb electrophoresis RBCs are small, pale Hypochromic (low MCHC) Microcytic (low MCV) mitral valve prolapse complications - ✔✔mitral regurgitation endocarditis TIA,CVA Most sensitive test for active H. pylori infection - ✔✔urea breath test condyloma acuminatum - ✔✔lesion that appears as a result of human papilloma virus; on the skin, lesions appear as cauliflower-like warts, and on mucous membranes, they have a flat appearance; also known as venereal or genital warts Condyloma lata - ✔✔Secondary syphilis Molluscum contagiosum - ✔✔viral skin infection spread by skin-to-skin contact adults: appears on the face, abdomen, neck, armpits, arms, and hands Lesions begin as small, firm, dome shaped growths surface feels smooth, waxy, or pearly flesh-colored or pink have a dimple in the center, filed with thick, white substance that is cheesy or waxy painless but itch Kernig's maneuver - ✔✔performed by having the patient flex both hips and legs and then straighten the legs against resistance, testing for meningeal and spinal inflammation Brudzinski's maneuver - ✔✔performed by placing the patients hands behind head and gently tucking chin to chest meningitis Homan's sign - ✔✔flexion of the foot causing pain in the posterior calf, suggestive of DVT RhoGAM's mechanism of action given in the week of pregnancy - ✔✔destruction of Rh-positive fetal red blood cells that are present in the mother's circulatory system given to Rh negative mothers during the 28th week of pregnancy. Auspitz sign - ✔✔bleeding that occurs after psoriasis scales have been removed also found in actinic keratoses cheilosis - ✔✔acute or chronic inflammation of the mouth due to excessive moisture corners of the mouth are macerated with fissures and painful reddened skin fracture of the navicular area of the wrist - ✔✔caused by falling forward and landing on the hands affected wrist is hyperextended to break the fall pain, swelling, and tenderness over the thumb side of the wrist, crunchiness and pain with gripping has a higher rate of nonunion compared with other bones in the wrist frequently does not show up on xray immediately after fracture xray will show fracture at 2 weeks bullous impetigo cause treatment - ✔✔cause by staph aureus, produces an exfoliative toxin flaccid large blisters filled with serous fluid bullae rupture and fluid dries, resembling honey-colored crusts limited number of lesions: mupirocin extensive lesions: systemic antibiotics- dicloxacillin and cephalexin regular insulin - ✔✔onset: 30 minutes peak: 1-5 hours Duration 6-8 hours NPH insulin - ✔✔onset: 1 hours peak: 6-14 hours duration: 18-24 hours insulin glargine - ✔✔onset: 1 hour no peak duration: 20-36 hours pulsus paradoxus - ✔✔drop in blood pressure >10 mmHg with inspiration asthma, emphysema tamponade, pericarditis, cardiac effusion Down syndrome characteristics - ✔✔A flattened face, especially the bridge of the nose Almond-shaped eyes that slant up A short neck Small ears A tongue that tends to stick out of the mouth Tiny white spots on the iris (colored part) of the eye Small hands and feet A single line across the palm of the hand (palmar crease) Small pinky fingers that sometimes curve toward the thumb Poor muscle tone or loose joints Shorter in height as children and adults MCV - ✔✔size of RBC MCHC - ✔✔average color of RBC iron deficiency anemia - ✔✔diagnostic: ferritin/serum iron decreased, TIBC increased microcytic hypochromic Folate deficiency anemia - ✔✔diagnostic: folate level decreased, homocysteine increased macrocytic megaloblastic (large, immature) RBCs normochromic vitamin B12 anemia - ✔✔diagnostic: decreased vitamin B12, hypersegmented neutrophils macrocytic megaloblastic normochromic paresthesias, numbness sickle cell anemia - ✔✔diagnostic: hgb electrophoresis, HbS and hbF both elevated, reticulocytosis, hemolytic sickle-shaped RBCs with shortened life span of 10-20 days Howell-Jolly bodies and target cells on peripheral smear normochromic normocytic neonates should regain weights by double birth weight by triple birth weight by - ✔✔2 weeks 6 months 12 months head circumference will increase by in the first 12 months - ✔✔12 cm developmental stages: newborns eating, BM, diaper frequency - ✔✔strong primitive reflexes: moro, rooting, fencing, babinski, grasp eats every 2-3 hours or nurses 8-10 times per day sleeps 16 hours/day 10-20 words developmental stages: 2 years - ✔✔speaks in 2-3 word sentences (understood by family) 2-3 step instructions parallel play can copy straight line toilet training in progress developmental stages: 3 years - ✔✔speaks in 3-5 word sentences speech understood by strangers copies a circle pedals a tricycle 3 numbers and 3 colors Oedipal stage group play developmental stages: 4 years - ✔✔draws a cross draw person with 3 body parts plays mom and dad hops and stands on one foot briefly developmental stages: 5 years - ✔✔can draw a person with 6 body parts counts to 10 aware of gender speaks clearly developmental stages: 6 years - ✔✔copies a triangle ties shoes rides a bike AAA screening - ✔✔US men 65-75 who smoked mammogram - ✔✔age 50-74 every 2 years Colorectal cancer screening age - ✔✔50-75 years FOBT every year colonoscopy every 10 years lung cancer screening - ✔✔low dose CT if currently smokes or quit within the last 15 years insulin lispro - ✔✔onset: 15 minutes peak: 30 minutes-2.5 hours duration: 4.5 hours Anticholinergic side effects - ✔✔SAD CUB sedation anorexia dry mouth pediculosis capitis - ✔✔ovoid white nits on hair hards to dislodge red papules that are very itchy scabies - ✔✔located in interdigital webs of hands, waist, axillae, penis very pruritic especially at night cranial nerves pneomonic - ✔✔Oh Oh Tim Tried and Forgot Victoria Gives Very Strong Handshakes cranial nerves order - ✔✔I: olfactory II: optic III: oculomotor III: trochlear IV: trigeminal V: trigeminal VI: abducens VII: facial VIII: vestibulocochlear IX: glossopharyngeal X: vagus XI: spinal accessory XII: hypoglossal hypertension treatment black - ✔✔black: thiazide diuretics and CCBs blood pressure goal 60+, no DM or CKD - ✔✔<150/90 blood pressure goal <60 - ✔✔<140/90 Thiazide diuretics side effects contraindications labs examples: - ✔✔avoid if patient has sulfa allergy side effects hyper: hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia, hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesteremia hypo: hypokalemia, hyponatremia, hypomagnesemia monitor: cmp, lipid profile examples: HCTZ, chlorthalidone, indapamide loop diuretics contraindications: 2nd/3rd degree heart block, HF, bradycardia examples: nifedipine, amlodipine, verapamil, diltiazem ACEI/ARB indication side effects contraindications labs examples: - ✔✔indication: drug of choice for DM and CKD side effects: dry hacking cough, hyperkalemia, angioedema contraindications: do not use in pregnancy, moderate to severe kidney disease, renal artery stenosis, hyperkalemia labs: potassium level examples: pril/sartan alpha 1 blockers/antagonists indication cautions side effects examples: - ✔✔indication: men with both HTN and BPH give at bedtime at very low doses and slowly titrate up side effects: first dose orthostatic HTN, dizziness, reflex tachycardia contraindications examples: zosin, tamsulosin hypertension treatment non-blacks - ✔✔non-blacks: thiazide diuretics, ACEI, ARB, CCB hypertension treatment elderly - ✔✔thiazide diuretics at low dose, long-acting CCBs (amlodipine, nifedipine) and/or ACEI or ARB hypertension treatment stable HF - ✔✔ACE/ ARB-first line Plus BB Plus diuretic hypertension treatment DM - ✔✔ACE/ ARB-first line black: can start with CCB or thiazide hypertension treatment CKD - ✔✔ACE/ ARB-first line can add CCB or thiazide hypertension treatment stroke history - ✔✔ACE/ ARB-first line can add CCB or thiazide as second-line posterior fontanel closes by - ✔✔3 months anterior fontanel closes by - ✔✔12-18 months morton's neuroma - ✔✔pain, burning, or numbness between 2 adjacent toes with weight bearing walking on a pebble acne vulgaris third degree burn - ✔✔involves destruction of epidermis, dermis and subcutaneous layer electrical burns, severe burns of the face, and burns involving cartilage (ear and nose) painless split S2 heart sound is heard best at - ✔✔2nd intercostal space, left sternal border pulmonic precocious puberty - ✔✔boys: before 9 girls: before 8 delayed puberty - ✔✔boys: no testicular/scrotal growth by 14 girls: no breast development by age 12 endocrine consult2 tanner stage: puberty - ✔✔2 menarche - ✔✔average age: 12 after stage 2 starts, start menses within 1-2 years metformin starting dose max dose contraindications - ✔✔initial therapy for DM 2 can help with weight loss starting dose: 500 mg daily max dose: 2 g/day contraindications: significant renal and hepatic disease, alcoholism, hypoxia, sepsis, dehydration, advanced age atrial fibrillation risk factors - ✔✔increased age heart disease- valve problems, HF, CAD, history of MI HTN chronic conditions: hyperthyroidism, OSA, DM, CKD, lung disease alcohol obesity family history medications: theophylline, sudafed bacterium responsible for highest mortality rate with CAP - ✔✔strep pneumoniae because it is the leading cause of CAP Wilms' tumor - ✔✔malignant congenital tumor of the kidney commonly crosses midline of the abdomen when it is discovered children and patients may complain of an abdominal mass should never be palpated once discovered to avoid spread of tumor cells microscopic or gross hematuria may be present Osteoporosis t score osteopenia t score - ✔✔-2.5 and below -1.0 to -2.5 Thayer-Martin culture - ✔✔Used to diagnose gonorrheal pharyngitis or proctitis can lead to severe ulceration of the stomach or duodenum pitting fingernails - ✔✔Psoriasis acute epididymitis - ✔✔STD fever, pain in scrotum, frequency, dysuria scrotum edematous and tender pain is lessened when using scrotal support acute orchitis - ✔✔testicular pain and edema associated with Mumps Spermatogenesis take place - ✔✔testes Sperm are stored in the . - ✔✔epididymis Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo - ✔✔Acute onset of vertigo and horizontal nystagmus in response to a rapid change of head position treatment of strep pharyngitis - ✔✔PCN PCN allergy: erythromycin, cephalexin treatment of UTI - ✔✔First: nitrofurantoin, bactrim second: cipro, levofloxacin drugs that interfere with the metabolism of oral contraceptives - ✔✔anticonvulsants, antibiotics, rifampin, griseofulvin, ascorbic acid, and acetaminophen Side effects of levothyroxine - ✔✔palpitations, tachycardia, anxiety, irritability, HTN, flushing, insomnia Giant cell arteritis - ✔✔sed rate elevated can cause blindness if not treated treat with high dose steroids refer to ED fever, fatigue, headache, jaw claudication, transient vision loss history of polymyalgia rheumatica at very high risk Mini-Cog Test - ✔✔Assesses dementia by having patients remember and repeat three common objects and draw a clock face indicating a particular time. dementia: 0-2 pericarditis - ✔✔symptoms: chest pain over the center/left side of the chest, shortness of breath, especially lying down, low grade fever, weakness, fatigue, dry cough, abdominal or leg swelling pericardial rub ulcerative colitis - ✔✔bloody diarrhea mixed with mucus, n/v, abdominal pain, weight loss, anemia, fatigue treatment: NSAIDs, steroids, immunosuppressive drugs Soy Isoflavones mimic the action of - ✔✔estrogen supplementation may help woman with hot flashes prebycusis - ✔✔Sensorineural hearing loss associated with middle and older ages; characterized by hearing loss, especially at high frequency at first; poor auditory discrimination and comprehension, especially with background noise tinnitus damage to the hair cells in the cochlea COPD PFT findings - ✔✔reduction in FEV1 increase RV and TLC Prostatitis clinical findings - ✔✔boggy and warm prostate with tenderness prostate cancer clinical findings - ✔✔hard nodules and indurated areas rule of nines- child - ✔✔9% each arm 14% each leg 18% front trunk 18% back trunk rule of nines- adult - ✔✔9% per arm 9% for head 18% each leg 18% anterior trunk 18% posterior trunk Chvostek's sign - ✔✔Hypocalcemia-facial muscle spasm upon tapping tetany tinea cruris - ✔✔jock itch red, itchy rash that is often ring shaped tinea corporis - ✔✔ringworm of the body Klinefelter syndrome - ✔✔males have an extra X chromosome XXY gynecomastia, long limbs, lack of secondary sex characteristics, small testes complications of PCOS - ✔✔DM, HTN, HLD, CVD, metabolic syndrome, endometrial cancer measles - ✔✔Preceded by three C's (Cough, Coryza, Conjunctivitis) Koplik spots Starts on the face and spreads down the arms and trunk, then over the thighs, lower legs and feet first permanent teeth to develop - ✔✔first molars 6 years old is responsible for the symptoms of dysmennorhea - ✔✔prostaglandins Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever cause symptoms - ✔✔Rickettsia rickettsii - tick rash on palms and soles, migrating to wrists, ankles, then trunk, HA, fever Endemic to East Coast Meniere's disease - ✔✔episodic vertigo, tinnitus, sensorineural hearing loss Addison's disease - ✔✔primary adrenal insufficiency low cortisol high ACTH low aldosterone hyperkalemia hyponatremia Cushing's triad - ✔✔Signs of increased intracranial pressure: bradycardia irregular respirations widened pulse pressure Cushing's disease - ✔✔Elevated cortisol hypernatremia hypertension hypokalemia hyperglycemia immune process responsible for anaphylactic reactionsT - ✔✔IgE pityriasis versicolor - ✔✔fungal infection patches of skin that are lighter or darker than the surrounding skin, often on the trunk and shoulders Glucosamine sulfate is used for - ✔✔OA skin cancer that causes most deaths - ✔✔melanoma pelvic inflammatory disease - ✔✔cervical motion tenderness, adnexal tenderness, uterine tenderness cervical infection withgonorrhea and chlamydia elevated ESR, CRP structure of the eve responsible for sharpest vision - ✔✔fovea of the macula finasteride - ✔✔5-alpha reductase inhibitor helps decrease size of prostate used for male baldness Sildenafil - ✔✔phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors Grey Turner's sign - ✔✔bruising in flank area (lower back area) severe acute pancreatitis otitis media no adenopathy treatment: gentamicin (Garamycin), tobramycin (Tobrex) and neomycin topical Viral conjunctivitis - ✔✔adenovirus; highly contagiouS swimming pools - epidemic keratoconjunctivitis erythema, unilateral watery discharge older children pharyngitis adenopathy treatment: eye lavage with normal saline, vasoconstrictor-antihistamine drops HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors - ✔✔Statins which murmur can radiate to the left axilla - ✔✔mitral regurg markle test (heel jar test) - ✔✔assess for PID or peritonitis worrisome symptoms in patients with GERD - ✔✔odynophagia early satiety weight loss iron-deficiency anemia GI bleeding weight loss screen for esophageal cancer treatment of otitis media with perforation - ✔✔oxafloxacin first line treatment for allergic rhinitis - ✔✔topical glucocorticoid nasal spray budesonide (rhinocort) interactions with levothyroxine - ✔✔anticoagulants, tricyclic antidepressants, antacids, calcium, iron, multivitamins, PPI, estrogen, statin, metformin triple therapy for peptic ulcer disease - ✔✔clarithromycin, amoxicillin, omeprazole quadruple therapy for peptic ulcer disease - ✔✔bismuth subcitrate, metronidazole, tetracycline, PPI/H2 IBS inflammation/bleeding? symptoms - ✔✔considered a functional disorder no inflammation or bleeding chronic abdominal pain, flatulence, bloating, changes in BM ankylosing spondylitis - ✔✔autoimmune disease inflammation, pain, stiffness, in spinal joints typically young adult early: pain and stiffness in lower back then moves up the spine and into the neck have flares smoking 10-year ASCVD risk <5% - ✔✔low risk lifestyle changes 10-year ASCVD risk 5-7.5% - ✔✔borderline if risk enhancers: moderate intensity statin 10-year ASCVD risk 7.5-20% - ✔✔intermediate risk risk enhancers: moderate intensity statin 10-year ASCVD risk >20% - ✔✔high risk high dose statin Melanoma - ✔✔Asymmetry Border- uneven, ragged, notched Color- brown, black, tan Diameter- > pencil eraser Evolution- changing Basal cell carcinoma - ✔✔most common skin cancer telangiectasia squamous cell carcinoma - ✔✔thick, rough, scaly patches that may crust or bleed