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AANP FNP Certification Exam Study Guide ACCURATE TESTED VERSIONS OF THE EXAM FROM 2023TO 2024 | ACCURATE AND VERIFIED ANSWERS | NEXT GEN FORMAT | GUARANTEED PASS WITH 150+ QUESTIONS
Typology: Exams
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Awake state with abnormal motor, sensory, autonomic or psychic behavior Movement can affect any part of body Localized or generalized Onset 3-15 years
Inflammation of medium- to large-sized vessels, iwth sections of normal artery in between.
Created by MRSA (Methicillin-Resistant Stapphylococcus aureaus) which can kill leukocytes and cause severe necrotizing skin infection and hemorrhagic PNA
g - high rate of beta-lactamase production
orbital edema/cellulitis - Ans - possible life-threatening complication of ABRS S. pneumoniae - Ans - Most common causative organism in ABRS 30 - 50 days - Ans - incubation period for mono (EBV) 3 - 5 day prodrome flu-like sx w/o fever Acute sx 5-15 days: fatigue, pharyngitis, tonsillar enlargement, fever, HA, lymphadenopathy - Ans - presentation of mononucleosis No - the patient is more likely to have + test later in the illness but not always during the 1st 2- 3 weeks - Ans - Is the mono spot test always accurate Spleen is 1" x 3" x 5". weighs ~ 7 oz., is b/w ribs 9 & 11. - Ans - Rule of odds: spleen <140/ Use ACEi or ARB - Ans - JNC 8 goal for >18 with CKD 150 / 90 Goal: < 150/90 - Ans - JNC8 indication for starting HTN tx in otherwise healthy pop > or = 60 140/ Goal: <140/90 - Ans - JNC8 indication for starting HTN tx in otherwise healthy pop <60yo microalbuminuria (connection also with smoking) is not only an independent preductor doubling risk, but also increases risk associated with OTHER risk factors - Ans - Microalbuminuria (or GFR <60) and CV risk
mid systolic click with late systolic murmur - Ans - MVP murmur pectus excavatum, scoliosis or other thoracic abnormality - Ans - common physical findings with MVP Marfan syndrome - Ans - Risk factors for MVP Encourage a regular aerobic exercise routine but stress the importance of high levels of fluid intake! - Ans - MVP and exercise blood culture TEE can see vegitation - Ans - most helpful test for looking for bacterial endocarditis an inflammatory disease that occurs mainly in children and affects the heart valves and joints (it can follow after diseases such as strep throat and scarlet fever) - Ans - rheumatic fever (rheumatic heart disease) a cardiomyopathy of unknown cause, in which the left ventricle is hypertrophied and the cavity is small; it is marked by obstruction to left ventricular outflow. Autosomal-dominant inheritance - Ans - idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis (IHSS) Low pulse pressure - Ans - Unique characteristic of late aortic stenosis
Aortic sclerosis. Asymptomatic Found in >50% of adults >50 - Ans - 50 over 50 murmur low pitched late diastolic, like thunder rumble Often with opening snap Enhanced by left lateral decubitus, squat, cough, Valsalva Almost always rheumatic in origian - Ans - mitral stenosis characteristics narrow split S2 + mitral regurgitation murmur - Ans - murmur of pulmonary HTN high-pitched blowing systolic like long "haaaaa" heard best at R lower scapular border Decreased with standing + valsalva found in ischemic heart disease and often there is also some degree of mitral stenosis - Ans - murmur of mitral regurgitation rupture of chordae usually occurs in presence of connective tissue dz - Ans - greatest threat with MVP painful nodules on finger and toe pads....seen in endocarditis caused by strep viridans - Ans - Osler's nodes those at highest risk, incl. w/ hx of infective endocarditis, with prosthetic valves or with congenital heart disease unrepaired or repaired with prosthetics or repaired with residual defects - Ans - who needs infective endocarditis ppx S4 - Ans - unstable angina cardiac finding
deep Q waves - Ans - ECG changes in pt with hx of transmural MI inverted T waves - Ans - ECG changes in presence of acute myocardial ischemia Umbrella term for STEMI, NSTEMI, unstable angina - Ans - acute coronary syndrome normal in 50% otherwise transient ST inversion or elevation, or T wave inversion - Ans - ECG finding in pt with unstable angina ECG stress testing CT for coronary artery calcification - Ans - Testing for unstable angina prodrome: unusual fatigue acute: SOB & weakness - Ans - Most common prodromal and acute symptoms of ACS in women L BBB - Ans - Which heart condition can mask acute STEMI? slightly depressed, cupped ST segment - Ans - ECG finding in digoxin pt AV heart block - Ans - ECG finding in dig toxicity anorexia - Ans - #1 dig toxicity sx horizontal opaque lines extending to the pulmonary periphery associated with pulmonary edema / HF - Ans - Kerley B lines
No functional limitations or symptoms with ordinary activity - Ans - NYHA Stage I Slight limitation of physical activity. Comfortable at rest, but ordinary physical activity results in symptoms of HF - Ans - NYHA stage II Marked limitation of physical activity. Comfortable at rest, but less than ordinary activity causes symptoms of HF. - Ans - NYHA Stage III Unable to carry on any physical activity without symptoms of HF, or symptoms of HF at rest - Ans - NYHA Stage IV At high risk for HF but without structural heart disease or symptoms of HF - Ans - ACCF/AHA Stage A Structural heart disease but without signs or symptoms of HF - Ans - ACCF/AHA Stage B Structural heart disease with prior or current symptoms of HF - Ans - ACCF/AHA Stage C Refractory HF requiring specialized interventions - Ans - ACCF/AHA Stage D min 5 L in adults - Ans - How much fluid needs to accumulate before peripheral edema will onset
transitional cell intermediate in development between a myelocyte and a mature granular leukocyte. Its presence with severe bacterial infection is ominous - Ans - Metamyelocyte rebound tenderness - Ans - Blumberg's sign depends on anatomical positioning of appendix; can be in epigastrum, flank, or groin as well as typical abdominal sites - Ans - presentation of pain in appendicits defined as absolute neutrophil count of >7000/mm3 - Ans - neutrophilia ~ 4% - Ans - What percent of WBCs are usually bands pancreatitis sepsis - Ans - most common complication of cholecystitis inflammation of the gallbladder; usually associated with gallstones - Ans - cholecystitis Referred pain to right shoulder and back with biliary colic / Cholelithiasis - Ans - Collins sign biliary colic w/ Collins sign RUQ or epigastric pain & tenderness N/V
more sensitive and specific at revealing obstructed cystic duct - Ans - benefits of HIDA scan conservative: clear liquid diet + analgesia abx possible cholecystectomy should be considered - Ans - tx for acute cholecystitis none - Ans - most common symptoms in colon cancer 2 samples from 3 consecutive specimens - Ans - recommended home testing for colon cancer screen q5y:
no - Ans - are coffee drinking and occasional ETOH use risk factors for PUD? stool antigen testing. Pt should d/c PPI for 2 weeks before h.pylori testing! - Ans - most cost-effective means of testing for h.pylori endoscopy w/ biopsy and urease testing of biopsied sample - Ans - gold standard for h.pylori testing upper endoscopy Perform upper endoscopy for all adults >50yo who present with new onset sx, to r/o gastric cancer - Ans - what imaging should be performed when suspect ulcer but not sure of location awakening at 1-2am w/symptoms - Ans - unique duodenal ulcer sx junction of esophagus and stomach - Ans - where is esophageal adenocarcinoma usually located upper esophagus - Ans - where is esophageal squamous cell cancer usually located dysphagia odynophagia GI bleed unexplained weight loss persistent chest pain Fe-deficient anemia - Ans - red flag sx with GERD
bypass, NOT restrictive - Ans - best bariatric surgery for pts with GERD painful, ineffective defecation - Ans - tenesmus area with little or no radionuclide concentration - Ans - cold spot goiter w/ nodules , neck pain, tightness - Ans - Hashimoto's goiter diffuse thyroid enlargement, hot gland with heterogenous uptake - Ans - Graves' goiter
75: mod intensity statin - Ans - Statin tx for tx group 1 High-intensity, if a candidate - Ans - Statin tx for tx group 2 (LDL >190) moderate intensity. If ASCVD risk > 7.5%, high-intensity - Ans - Statin tx for tx group 3 (age 40-75, DM + LDL 70-189) moderate to high intensity statin - Ans - Statin tx for tx group 4 (Aged 40-75, ASCVD risk >7.5%) e.g. cortisol
50% - Ans - What percent of HCV patients develop chronic hep c? tumor of the liver. Monitor HBV and HCV patients retularly for alpha-fetoprotein to monitor for
tumor - Ans - hepatoma Significantly elevated AST and ALT - Ans - Hep A lab values nausea, anorexia, fever, malaise, abdom pain, jaundice. My include clay colored stools, dark urine, and joint pain. Aversion to smoke often reported.
Skin rash occasional - Ans - acute hepatitis presentation IgM and IgG - Ans - Test to confirm HAV <40yo: vaccine
40yo: IG within 2 weeks of exposure - Ans - post-exposure ppx for HAV <10 - Ans - At what level of HBsAb should a booster dose be administered? presence of anti-HCV, an antibody that persists in the presence of HCV but is not protective, is diagnostic Viral load is elevated in acute infection - Ans - Dx of HCV leukopenia w/ lymphocytosis, w/ atypical lymphocytes. Bilirubin in the urine Elevated hepatic enzymes - Ans - Lab findings common to all forms of viral hepatitis 8 - 38 units/L
More specific to the liver Longer 1/2t than AST (37-57h) Most likely to be elevated with hepatitis, less likely to be elevated with ETOH abuse - Ans - ALT total bilirubin >2.5mg - Ans - Clinical jaundice levels Conjugated (direct) is loosely bound to albumin and therefore water soluble. When present in excess, it is excreted in urine...therefore DARK URINE IS ONLY SEEN WITH CONJUGATED BILIRUBIN! Unconjugated bilirubin is tightly bound to albumin and therefore not water soluble. It cannot be excreted in urine even fi blood levels are high; it is toxic - the unbound form can cross the BBB and cause neurologic deficits The liver turns unconjugated bili into conjugated bili - Ans - Conjugated vs unconjugated bilirubin biliary tract disease (incl gallstones) excessive ETOH use elevated triglyceride levels idiopathic causes - Ans - most common risks for pancreatitis abdom pain, weight loss, anorexia, N/V Pain worse with walking and lying supine, improved w/sitting and leaning forward weakness, sweating, anxiety if severe. Fever, tachycardia, hypotension, pallor, cool, clammy skin and/or mild jaundice Acute renal failure often seen - Ans - Typical presentation of pancreatitis Amylase and lipase are 3x ULN
Gut perforation and infarction have been ruled out CT scan confirms - Ans - pancreatitis dx, clinched Minimum 2 of 3:
4 points indicates higher mortality rate - Ans - Scale used to determine severity of pancreatitis Anemia of chronic dz Elevated total bilirubin Elevated Alk phos Uncommon: elevation in amylase unless pancreatitis also present - Ans - Typical presentation of pancreatic CA In pancreatitis: Amylase rises first, decreases w/in 7 days of resolution Lipase appears 4-8h after sx, peaks @ 24h, decreases w/in 14 days of resolution - Ans - amylase vs lipase
Hemophylis ducrei - Ans - pathogen causing chancroid Painful, soft ulcer w/ necrotic base Dense, matted lymphadenopathy on ipsilateral side of lesion Affected nodes often rupture - Ans - Findings in chancroid an infection of the lymphatic system caused by three strains of the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis, transmitted sexually. Sx appear 1-4 weeks after infection Vesicular or ulcerative lesion on external genitalia, painless progresses to cause inguinal lymphadenitis or buboes, which can fuse and drain causing multiple sinus tracts - Ans - Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) <35yo: usu. G&C. Tx w/ IM Rocephin + PO doxycycline
35yo: usu. g- organism, 2ndary to prostatitis. Tx w/ ciprofloxin and obtain culture MSM: usu. enteric organism. Tx w/levofloxacin - Ans - acute epididymitis causes & tx g- diplococci, n. gonorrhoeae produces beta-lactamase - Ans - gonorrhea pathogen fluoroquinolones, d/t resistnce - Ans - Which med should NOT be used for gonorrhea Azithromycin 2g PO + PO gemifloxacin single dose - Ans - alternative tx to gonorrhea urine culture - Ans - Best dx test to identify pathogen in bacterial prostatitis
gram - rods - Ans - Most common pathogens in bacterial prostatitis
10 - Ans - Concerning levels of PSA < 4 in older men < 2.5 in younger men - Ans - PSA norms Average risk: Discuss @ 50yo High risk: Discuss @ 45yo Very high risk (multiple 1st degree relatives): Discuss @ 40yo - Ans - Screening recommendations for PSA/prostate CA If PSA is <2.5: q2y If PSA is >2.5: q1y - Ans - PSA rescreening protocol fixation of the testes in the scrotum - Ans - orchiopexy Surgical repair- option-Left spermatic vein ligation-Performed if the varicocele is painful or causing infertility-Open surgery W/o surgery, scrotal support can be helpful w/ discomfort - Ans - Tx of variocele a characteristic soft, gummy lesion caused by bacteria that invade organs throughout the body; found in the tertiary stage of syphilis Other sx of tertiary syphilis: aortic insufficiency or aneurysm, seizures - Ans - Gumma 16 & 18 - Ans - HPV strains causing anorectal carcinoma
6 & 11 - Ans - HPV strains causing condyloma acuminatum Positive virological test, negative serological = primary infection Positive both = recurrent infection - Ans - Lab tsting for HSV- 2 Any condition that causes nerve injury or impairs blood flow, e.g. DM, kidney disease, chronic ETOH use, vascular dz, tobacco use, neuropathy, urological surgery
Likely only mildly, unless liver damage is presetn - Ans - Will ALT increase w/ ETOH abuse? ~ 3 months - Ans - How long does it take for labs to return to normal after ETOH sobriety? modify the intoxicating effects of ETOH - Ans - naltrexone MOA ETOH abuse reduce alcohol craving - Ans - acamprosate MOA ETOH abuse induce unpleasant effects if ETOH is ingested - Ans - disulfiram MOA ETOH abuse cerebral and coronary - Ans - which vessels does cocaine preferentially constrict Interferes w/ regulation of body temp. Can lead to hyperthermia, organ damage and death - Ans