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AANP FNP Exam |LATEST VERSION |NEW UPDATE |GUARANTEED PASS|2024-2025 |BEST STUDYING MATERIAL WITH 150 QUESTIONS
Typology: Exams
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2 - 5/6 best at LUSB, ejection click @ 2nd L ICS. Radiates to back. May involve wide S2. Usually d/t fusion of valves
Small head, shortened palpebral fissures (narrow eyes), flat nasal bridge. Thin upper lip.
Lack of menarche before age 15.
Should not be elevated in single uterine pregnancy - Ans - Alpha Fetal Protein 24 weeks - Ans - When is viability? Rest, fetal surveillance, kick counts, left lateral position - Ans - Treatment for PIH sudden weight gain, hands/feet swelling, protein in urine, htn - Ans - Signs of preeclampsia late 2nd-3rd trimester, bleeding preciptated by intercourse, painless, no tenderness. Nothing in vagina. - Ans - Signs of placental previa Severe pain, bleeding, cocaine use,smoking, alcohol - Ans - Signs of placental abruptio DVt, bleeding disorder, major surgery, smoker over 35, migraines with focal neuro changes, CAD or CVA, undiagnosed bleeding, pregnancy, liver tumor, estrogen depednet tumor. MYCUPLETS - Ans - Absolute contraindications of combination BC Migraines, smoke >15 cigarettes under 35, fracture on lower extremities, severe depression, hyperlipidemia - Ans - Relative contraindications for BC Decreased risk of ovarian and endometrial cancer, cramps, PID, IDA< acne, cysts, heavy periods - Ans - Advantages of BC pill Missed 1 day: Take 2 now and continue. Missed 2 days: Take 2 the next 2 days and finish pack. - Ans - What do you do if you miss the pill? 72 hours. 89% effective. - Ans - Morning after pill
Decrease caffeine. Vitamin E and primrose capsules. - Ans - Treatment for fibrocystic breast Older female, scaly, red-colored rash. Scaly nipples - Ans - Paget's disease 20 or younger: repeat in 1 year 21 and older: order with HPV DNA testing. HPV: colposcopy - Ans - PAP smear: Atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance Endometrial biopsy - Ans - PAP smear: atypical glandular cells endometrial biopsy - Ans - PAP smear: endometrial cells HPV testing, colposcopy, biopsy - Ans - PAP: Low grade squamous intraepithelial lesions, high grade squamous Aldendronate, risedronate. Take in morning with full glass of water, wait at least 30 minutes before laying down. Do no take with other meds. - Ans - Biphosphonates Down's syndrome; order triple screen or quadruple screen - Ans - Low Alpha fetal protein R/o neural tube defect or multiple gestation. order triple or quad screen. - Ans - High Alpha fetal protein Palpation of fetus, US, heart tones - Ans - Positive signs of pregnancy HCG, quickening, all of the "signs" - Ans - Probable signs of pregnancy
N/V, fatigue, amenorrhea - Ans - Presumptive signs of pregnancy Destroys fetal Rh-positive RBCs that have crossed the placenta - Ans - What does rhogam do? Always treat. Nitrofurantoin, Amoxicillin. - Ans - Tx for asymptomatic bacteruria in pregnancy tetracyclines, nitrofurantoin (very end/also do not use in G^PD anemia)), sulfa drugs. - Ans - Abx to avoid late in pregnancy Non-MRSA: Dicloxacillin MRSA: Bactrim, clinda - Ans - How to treat mastitis? Cup should not be more than 1/2 the size of diameter of disc. If it is, glaucoma. - Ans - Normal cup to disc ratio in eye Order lipid panel. - Ans - Arcus stenosis Wedge shaped growth of non cancerous skin - Ans - Ptergyum Staph infection, stye. Warm compresses. - Ans - Hordeoleum Beady nodule, painless. - Ans - Chalazion Staph. Sebhorreic dermatitis of lid edge. Hot compresses, topical, scrub. - Ans - Blepharitis Increased ICP. Cupping of disc - Ans - Signs of glaucoma Peripheral vision loss. Alpha 2 adrenergic. Tinolol, pilocarpine. - Ans - Open angle glaucoma
Immediate referral. Eye pain when closed, halos around lights. Mannitol, xolimide. - Ans - Closed angle glaucoma Cataracts. Painless, clouded, blurred vision. Diplopia, opacity of lens. - Ans - What is leading cause of treatable blindness? Chronic OM, scaling, erode middle ear, deafness. Squamous epithelial lining. TM perforates.Cauliflower like. - Ans - Cholesteatoma Meneire's disease, acoustic trauma, ototoxic drugs. Can be identified with Weber test (louder sound lateralizes to better-hearing ear) Rinne test will be normal in both ears - Ans - Sensorineural hearing loss Herpes keratitis. severe eye pain, photophobia, blurred vision. Refer immediately - Ans - Fernlike lines on corneal surface Battle's sign. clear, golden serous discharge. sign of basilar skull fracture - Ans - Bruise behind ear Color perception, 20/20 vision - Ans - Cones in eyes Detects lights and shadows, depth perception - Ans - Rods in eyes Normal changes in vision after age 40. - Ans - Presbyopia 2:3, veins larger than arteries in eyes - Ans - AV ratio Copper and silver wire arterioles, arteries larger than veins - Ans - Signs of hypertensive retinopathy
Cotton wool spots, microaneurysms. - Ans - Signs of diabetic retinopathy Normal-no lateralization. Conductive-lateralizes to affected side. Sensorineural-unaffected side - Ans - Weber test Acute onset of severe eye pain, foreign body sensation. Linear lines. Use topical antibiotic ointment - Ans - Corneal abrasion Timolol drops, careful in asthma or HF - Ans - Treatment for open angle glaucoma Lacrimal and salivary gland dysfunction. Dryr eyes and dry mouth. - Ans - Sjogren's syndrome Pseudomonas (gram negative) staph (gram positive). Treat with cortisporin drugs. Prophylactic vingegar and alcohol - Ans - Common causes of otitis externa Doxycycline, respiratory fluoroquinolones. (Levo, moxi) - Ans - Tx for sinus infection if allergic to amoxicillin Positive in conductive loss with BC>AC. in affected ear - Ans - Rinne test Olfactory. Smell - Ans - Cranial Nerve I Optic. Vision. SNellen - Ans - Cranial Nerve II Oculomotor, trochlear, abducens - Ans - Cranial nerve 3, 4, 6 Trigeminal. Touch forehead, cheek, clench teeth - Ans - Cranial Nerve 5
Facial. Taste, smile. Bell's palsy - Ans - Cranial Nerve 7 Hearing, acoustic, equilbrium. - Ans - Cranial Nerve 8 Gossopharyngeal. Posterior 1/3 of tongue - Ans - Cranail nerve 9 Vagus. Slowed HR, defecation - Ans - Cranial nerve 10 Spinal accesory, shoulder shrug - Ans - Cranial Nerve 11 Hypoglossal. Tongue movement - Ans - Cranial nerve 12 Soft yellow deposits in macular region. (Drusen spots) - Ans - Eye exam for macular degeration Smoking - Ans - Risk factor for AAA? Thiazide or CCB - Ans - What drug do you use for isolated systolic HTN in elderly? Angina, syncope, HF - Ans - Symptoms of Aortic stenosis Long period of being symptomatic, leading to SOB with exertion, to SOB at rest - Ans - Symptoms of aortic regurgitation Mitral valve - Ans - What area of the heart does rheumatic HD affect? Beta-blocker. Usually asymptomatic/benign. - Ans - How to treat MVP?
ALL - Ans - Differential to consider if child complains of bone pain all day while playing? MMR, varicella - Ans - Vaccines to avoid if gelatin allergy Head larger than chest up to 18 months old - Ans - Chest/head difference in babies Atorvastatin 40-80, Rosuvastatin 20-40. For patients with ASCVD, younger than 75, or 190 or higher LDL - Ans - Examples of high intensity statins Atorvastatin 10-20, Rosuvastatin 5-10, Simvastatin 20-40, Pravastatin 40- 80 - Ans - Examples of moderate intensity statins Younger adults, H. pylori, food improves symptoms--gnawing pain - Ans - Signs of duodenal ulcer Older patients, food makes it worse - Ans - Signs of gastric ulcer 2 antibiotics, PPI, pepto. MOC. AOC. - Ans - How to treat h. pylori Anti-HAV, IgM (IgM--immediate). Fecal/oral - Ans - Active Hep. A. Anti-HAV, IgG (IgG-gone) - Ans - Recoveredhep. a HBsAg, HBeAg, Anti-HCc, IgM - Ans - Active hep. B HBsAg, Anti-HBc, Anti-Hbe, Igm, IgG - Ans - Chronic Hep B Anti-HBc, Anti-HBsAg - Ans - Recovered Hep. B
Anti-HCV, HCV RNA - Ans - Acute Hep. C Anti-HCV, HCV RNA - Ans - Chronic Hep. C HBsab, Anti-HBs - Ans - Immune from Hep. B Low fiber diet, women, LLQ pain. Plain films to check for air. Broad spectrum abx. - Ans - Diverticulitis High pitched, hyperactive in some quadrants w/ absent in other - Ans - Bowel sounds with obstruction Quiet, ominous - Ans - Bowel sounds with perforation Decreased thirst-risk for dehydration, delayed gastric emptying, dysphagia - Ans - Changes with older adults GI PPI once a day before first meal - Ans - Treatment for presumptive gerd Anti-HAV+, IgG - Ans - Immune to Hep. A Gastrinoma located on pancreas, serum fasting gastrin, tarry colorled stool, severe ulcers in stomach - Ans - Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome Clinda, fluoroquinolones, cephaolosproins - Ans - What meds can cause C. dif? Palpate on left, pain on right - Ans - Rovsings sign
Increase fiber - Ans - How to treat IBS Stimulates pancreas to release more insulin. Glipizide - Ans - How do sulfonyureas work? Rebound, hypoglycemia at night that flips and cause high fasting blood sugars. Treat by decreasing night insulin - Ans - What is somogyi effect? Nervous, tremors, bug eyes, TSH low, T3 High. Manage: Propanolol for symptoms, PTU, tapazole, radioactive iodine, surgery. - Ans - Hyperthyroidism TSH High, T4 low. Synthroid. 50-100 average, lower for gero/cardiac patients. - Ans - Hypothyroidism Thirst, labile mood, diabetes symptoms, too much steroids. Hypertensive. Hyperglycemic, hypernatremic, HYPOkalemic. - Ans - Cushing's disease Deficiencies in cortisol, androgen, aldosterone. Tanning, freckles, hypotensive. Hypoglycemia, hyponatremia, HYPERkalemia. - Ans - Addison's Disease TSH 0.4-4.0. Free T4 10-27, Free T3 3.5-7.7. - Ans - Normal thyroid levels Test to help detect autoimmune thyroid disease. - Ans - What is thyroid peroxidase antibody? TPO Ab Body weight 4.0 mcg/kg/day children, 1.0 mcg/kg/day in elderly, 1.6 mcg/kg/day adults...increases by 50% in pregnancy. - Ans - How to calculate thyroid dosese 6 - 8 weeks. - Ans - How soon do you recheck TSH after dose changes?
Insulin sensitizer, reduces glucose prduction from liver and increases absorption in intestines. Metformin. First line. Risk of lactic acidosis with decreased renal function or dehydration. Do not use if GFR less than 45. Increases risk of B12 deficiency. Avoid use in HF - Ans - Biguanides glitazone---Actos. Works with fasting and post prandial levels. Insulin sensitizer. Don't use with heart failure. Risk of edema. Monitor liver enzymes on occasion. Prolonged use assoc. w/ bladder CA Do not use with nitrates or insulin! - Ans - TZD Glipizide, glyburide, glimepiride. Increases insulin release from pancreatic cells. Hypoglycemia risk. Pt builds tolerance with prolonged use - Ans - Sulfonyureas SitaGLIPTIN. Increases insulin release, largely on post prandial glucose. Risk of pancreatitis, monitor frequently. Can cause joint pain - Ans - DPP-4s Injection. Exenatide, liraglutide. Increases insulin release. Nausea, vomiting (c/i in gastroparesis), pancreatitis risk. Do not use in ESRD. - Ans - GLP- 1 Flozins. Increases glucose excreted in urine. R/o ketoacidosis, hyperK+ in renal function impairment. UTI risk. Risk of urosepsis, AKI, pyelonephritis. - Ans - SGLT 4units prior to the largest meal. - Ans - Starting dose of rapid acting insulin DM - Ans - Leading cause of chronic renal failure gastric bypass - Ans - Which form of weight loss surgery is most effective? serotonin - Ans - Which neurotransmitter is believed to be most responsible for sensation of satiety?
1 hour. Onset is 15 min. Lasts 4 hours - Ans - Peak of short acting insulin (aspart, lispro, glulisine) HyperK+ Hyponatremia polycythemia elevated CK - Ans - lab abnormalities occurring with heatstroke A nocturnal release of growth hormone, leading to increased cortisol secretion, which may cause blood glucose level elevations before breakfast in the client with diabetes mellitus. Treatment includes administering an evening dose of intermediate acting insulin at 10 pm. - Ans
Onset 1-2 hours, peak 6-14 hours, lasts 16-24 hours - Ans - Intermediate acting insulin Partner with patient. Empathy, self-efficacy, change talk, open-ended, affirming statements. Ask- provide-ask - Ans - What is motivational interviewing? PTU - Ans - What med for hyperthyroidism is preferred in pregnant women? Metformin, Byetta - Ans - What diabetes meds cause weight loss? TZD, sulfonyureas, insulin - Ans - What diabetes meds cause weight gain? Microcytic, hypochromic elevated RDW.Blood loss, inadequate intake, absorption problem. PICA. Ferritin LOW, TIBC High - Ans - IDA Microcytic, hypochromic NORMAL rdw. Medeterranian, Asian. Ferritin and TIBC normal. - Ans - Thalassemia MCV HIGH. Beefy red tongue, no neuro symptoms. Common in alcoholic. Tx by diet changes, 1 mg PO folate - Ans - Folate deficiency MCV high. Beefy red tongue and neuro signs (parasthesias, fine motor, tremors). B12 injections (cyanacobalmin) daily for 1 week then monthly. - Ans - B12 deficiency Normocytic. Hemolytic. Worse in high altitudes, stress, dehydration, joint pain. - Ans - Sickle Cell Normocytic. Ferritin High, TIBC low. - Ans - Anemia of chronic disease Most common acute leukemia - Ans - AML
Pacytopenia with circulating blasts, all lab values down. - Ans - ALL Most common leukemia in adults, lymphocytosis, 10 year survival. - Ans - CLL 40 years and over, 3-4 year survival, philadelphia chromosome. - Ans - CML Stage 1-1 node. Stage 2-more than one place but on one side of diaphragm. stage 3 both sides of diaphragm. Stage 4 everywhere - Ans - Staging of lymphoma Young adults 32. Cervical adenopathy then spreads down. Reed Sternberg cells. Night sweats. - Ans - Hodgkin's Lymphoma Picked up late. Older adult, more than 65. Generalized lymphadenopathy. Night sweats. Weight loss. - Ans - Non-hodgkin's Cancer of plasma cells. Bone pain in back or chest. Bence-Jones proteins. - Ans - Multiple myeloma Gold standard to diagnose SCC thalassemias. - Ans - Hemoglobin Electrophoresis Antacids, dairy, quinolones, tetracycline - Ans - What does iron interact with Leafy green veggies, grains, beans, liver - Ans - FOods with folate Chronic blood loss. Erosive gastritis, menorrhagia, GI malignancy - Ans - Most common cause of IDA in older adults
Excessive alcohol. Or meds: tegretol, phentyoin, zidovudine. - Ans - Macrocytosis without anemia Ginseng, gingko, fish oil - Ans - What herbs increase bleeding risk? 21 - 20 every 3 years. 30-65 every 3 years or if with HPV every 5. - Ans - How often for cytology? Age 40. earlier if risk factors. Yearly from 40-74. - Ans - When to start screening for Breast Ca. Lipids, breast or uterine cancer, MI - Ans - Risk factors for starting hormone replacement Petite, asian or caucasian, early menopause, family hx, high caffeine, low calcium, smoker/alcohol, sedentary - Ans - Risk for osteoporosis 1 - 2.5--ostepenia. Over 2.8 osteoporsis. Osteopenia-calcium, vitamin D, excercise Osteoporosis: Biphosphonate, screen by 65 - Ans - DEXA scan results 10 days. Amoxicillin or Macrobid (up to 36 weeks) - Ans - How to tx pregnant person with UTI Tanner 3 - Ans - When does masturbation start? Ceftriaxone plus doxy - Ans - Tx for epididymitis in men under 35 bactrim plus cipro - Ans - Tx epididymitis in men over 35
Pain relief when scrotum is lifted. Positive in epid....negative in torsion - Ans - Positive phren's sign STD. Frequency, dribbling, fever, chills. DRE, painful, boggy. Bactrim, levaquin - Ans - Acute bacterial prostatitis Enlarged, non-tender, smooth, rubbery. - Ans - BPH Adenopathy, prostate harder than normal, nodules, obscure borders - Ans - Prostate cancer Under 4 - Ans - Normal PSA ELISA-early screening. Confirmatory: Western Blot. If positive--CD4, Viral load. - Ans - HIV tests T cells over 800, CD4 less than 200, viral load high. - Ans - AIDS Bactrim daily - Ans - Prophylaxis for Pneumocysitis jarin... Single, painful ulcer. Swollen lymph node.Tx: azithro/ceftriaxone - Ans - Chancroid Asymptomatic. If sx: thick, cloudy dicharge, dysuria. Tx with azithro or doxy - Ans - Chlamydia Report to health department. Also treat for chlamydia. Green/yellow discharge, dysuria. Ceftriaxone - Ans - Gonorrhea Condyloma acumilata. painless growth. Tx: podophylin, TCA, BCA< cautery - Ans - HPV painless vesicle, adenopathy. doxycycline 21 days bid - Ans - Lymphogranuloma verenium
greater than 90. Renal failure: less than 15. - Ans - Normal GFR Males, pregnant women, diabetics, children/elderly, recurrent UTIs, immunocompromised, structure changes - Ans - What is a complicated uti? Avoid with stones: rhubarb, spinach, beets, chocolate, tea, meat. - Ans - High oxalate foods Terazosin, tamsulosin--A.A.A. Finasteride shrinks prostate. Avoid cold meds. Saw Palmetto can help symptoms. - Ans - Meds for BPH Elderly, perineal discomfort, voiding symptoms. Boggy, non-tender. UA normla. Treat with bactrim or oflaxin for 4-6 weeks - Ans - How to treat chronic bacterial prostatitsi Candida of penis. Topic OTC azole. - Ans - Balanitis Untreated gonorrhea. petechial rash, arthritis, pharyngitis, signs of std - Ans - Disseminated gonoccocal disease Infection of liver capsule, STD, violin strings. Complication of GC - Ans - Fitz-hugh-curtis syndrome Febrile reaction 24 hours after treatment for STD - Ans - Jarish-Herxheimer Reaction Screening test for Syphylis. FTA-ABS confirmatory - Ans - What is RPR and VDRL Second trimester - Ans - When do you start antivirals in pregnant women? Amitriptyline, propanolol, topamax - Ans - Prophylaxis for migraines
Sumatriptan, triptans, NSAIDS. - Ans - Acute tx for migraine Classic with aura, common without aura - Ans - Class and common migraine